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10a Properties Structure Summary (2017)

The document outlines the properties and structures of ionic and covalent compounds, explaining how ions are formed and the characteristics of giant lattice structures. It highlights the differences in melting and boiling points between ionic compounds and simple molecular compounds, as well as the role of covalent bonds in various substances. Additionally, it discusses the structure of metals and their ability to conduct electricity due to delocalized electrons.

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Karina Leung
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8 views1 page

10a Properties Structure Summary (2017)

The document outlines the properties and structures of ionic and covalent compounds, explaining how ions are formed and the characteristics of giant lattice structures. It highlights the differences in melting and boiling points between ionic compounds and simple molecular compounds, as well as the role of covalent bonds in various substances. Additionally, it discusses the structure of metals and their ability to conduct electricity due to delocalized electrons.

Uploaded by

Karina Leung
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Island School Chemistry 10a

Revision: Properties and Structure (highlight key point/fill in blanks)


An ionic compound is a giant lattice structure of _____. The ions are formed when atoms of
one element __________ electrons to the atoms of another element. The atoms that lose
electrons become ___________ ions and the atoms that gain electrons become ______________
ions. The combined charges must cancel out. These ions now have the electronic structure of a
noble gas. Atoms that share electrons can also form giant structures. Substances with giant
structures have _______ melting points and boiling points.
Atoms that ________ electrons often form small molecules. There are chemical bonds between
the atoms in each molecule but not between the molecules. Molecular substances have _____
melting points and boiling points.
In molecules, the atoms are held together because they share _______ of electrons in the outer
shell of atoms. The strong bonds between the atoms are called covalent bonds.
You should be able to represent the covalent bonds in water (H2O), ammonia (NH3), hydrogen
(H2), hydrogen chloride (HCl), methane (CH4) and oxygen (O2) in the following forms:

Different types of substance have different properties because of differences in the forces
between the particles from which they are made. Simple molecular compounds are gases,
liquids or solids, which have relatively, _____ melting points and boiling points and do not conduct
electricity. This is because:
• the forces between the molecules (intermolecular forces) are ________ ; and
• the molecules do not carry an overall electric charge.
Diamond and graphite (forms of carbon) and silicon dioxide (silica) are ________ covalent
structures of atoms. Because of the large number of ___________ covalent bonds in their
structures, they have very ________ melting points.
In ____________ each carbon atom forms four covalent bonds in a rigid, giant covalent structure.
In ____________ each carbon atom forms three covalent bonds and the carbon atoms form layers,
which are free to slide over each other. In graphite there are free electrons, which allow graphite
to conduct electricity.
Ionic compounds are held together by _________ forces of attraction between oppositely charged
ions. This is the ionic bond. Ionic compounds form regular structures (giant ionic lattices) in which
the __________ forces between oppositely charged ions result in these compounds having
_______ melting points and high boiling points. When they are melted or dissolved in water, ionic
compounds conduct electricity because the ions are free to move.
Metals consist of __________ structures of positive ions surrounded by a ‘sea’ of delocalised
electrons from the outer shell of the atom. These electrons:
• hold the atoms together in a regular structure;
• allow the atoms to slide over each other; and
• allow the metal to conduct electricity.

diamond, graphite, positive, negative, ions, transfer, share, weak, strong, high, low, pairs, giant,
(words can be used once, more than once or not at all)

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