Island School Chemistry 10e

Structure & Extraction Exam Practice

1. The reaction between magnesium and chlorine forms the ionic compound magnesium
chloride, MgCh.

~~IO:i~~~.~~~~n:~~~\=L . . . . .
. . . . . .
. .
(a) By reference to electrons, describe how magnesium and chlorine atoms form magnesium

. .~~. .~.~.~. . ;~~;;;~ .~... ... . e~ . · · ~~ ~e

··.... ·.... ~~I.~ .. U.. . . ~;·;;;,. ~;:·~~·· . ·.. :.. ·..·.. •·· . ~
...........................................S ........ ....·................../~l··Q(3)
(b) Oxidation occurs in this reaction. Identify the substance that is oxidised in the reaction,
giving a reason for your choice.

Substance oxidised ........... Jr.hQ/3V,).~;?i.~.~~~ . . I.. ~\fI .................................

Reason ................. Jo ~.~ ....of.... ~.e.~:r:9.v.)§....... . ..... . .. . .. .. ............. .... ...... (2)

melti~g point.
(e) EXPlaiGagneSiUm chloride has a high .:2 + _
.. ~.... Qpp.O.S.lJ;~....~~r.;§.~... .. !9.~.... M .§ .........0.:0..9.. Ct I.
..'!:... h.ay.~ ......S..h9~ .... {~~.~~.~.~) ... ...Ql;t.ro:-:.4.;!.9.ns;·
. . . . . .c.~.~pt. . .S b.9..~ ..,( .1..9.0 .~.~). ...~.':':-:9.::?), .......................
.~ . . !Qt.. :~f . ..~~\.~:J ... ?0.~.~A..vo..t-
~~~~......+O.N.P.r.~...~~.~)/
e f ovv.S ­
2. Explain why the melting point of magnesitfm-oxide is much higher than that of sodium
chloride. sfJ
......."..... S.frp.hcsg.(<:.!~S.f':':,;~) .... o.tt.~(9.09../lO~''tl~
. . ................kPr.Y.,G..!
('
. .. . f:?9r);:r:;!.:? .....0.Q:.m~ .... +O...... b..C~Jc
. ~

..... ~.......CL4.........I.0.n.J.......l}.G. y~~ .......qi.w.o..:t#.f.:.../.....d..0..~--e

. . 'V . AJ +
..............C)\Q./.Q-e.~..../ .... M.a~:.
<J O;:;L-
. 8t.~~Ol~: .. «':.~.r:J.~ . . .1)~
i.. .... ...
(2) · ~v
G,
3. Ammonia is a covalent compound with a simple molecular structure. It is a gas at room
temperature. Explain why ammonia has a low boiling point.

...~...H:(Qt.... fo..r:~:;.;~4. ................................... ...................................................

...~ ...... b.e.t.N..~~.... m..9..~€~~(0........... / ... !.~:-.~0::g.~~tc-\.f
... ~ ..... .I~...... ~w.~ . . ~.~~ . . . :f.p....... h..r:f.:~jS ... !C0J~rAe.

(a·.1J\··V~f···fu······{6t~·s;····6··;;···brv~iL·~·q····COVid:e;:J-·······(3)
Island School Chemistry iDe

4. Nylon has a simple molecular structure. Use words from the box to complete the sentences
below. Each word may be used once, more than once or not at all.

ions high low

molecules strong weak

Nylon has a .............. I.Q.0.J................. melting point. This is because there are....... W:e-1J.,K-:......
~
lorces If\Af)l.e-,c."vvf
between the ...... !'.. es
".."!<..-! .......................... that m ak e up
. the structure. (3)

5. Hydrogen chloride has a low boiling point. Circle the correct statement to show the reason for
this.
The covalent bonds are strong
The covalent bonds are weak
There are weak forces between the ions
crnere
are weak forces between the molecules~ (1)

6. The diagrams show the structures of diamond and graphite.

They are different structural forms of the element carbon.

diamond ~r~phi("

·
(a) What type 0 f structure are bot h d lamon d an d grap h'? OICJ.J~ /~a(jl(QjrV\o'
lte .... V................................. f.I.! . . .(PM
."'l.l:J
, . v­

(b) Diamond has a high sublimation temperature. Explain why.

. ......~ .... .k)r.~....(S).v~\k4 .....9.9.:~~ . . . .C..~{~n.... ~.~rt\LJ)

... ......~......GQ.VoJe.r.);.....f;;Q.~ ....?~..:........................................
......... ~ ......hU.M.... J9t..~... (;S;j.. ....~:j. f.q...... Qv.~f.~/. · , ..
~ (tv.J.f:JihQo....af.. .. (OblG.. ·I..d-e.(.9:YJi~4. ...~~.! ~9!:~~~ . (3)
Bo...,tl (l'J:>
. :zQ...,.y() ~ avVL6
)'

(c) Graphite can be used as a lubricant. Explain why. .===-­

10 WeoJ-
................................. .kVUW
,J.. WvleeJ\
':-?.......................... (C~{
............................V ..€ArJ
·· ......·.. ·....·.. ·......·....·
·······~········s::Ji.p····I··~:~·············.'············· ...................................................
...................................................................................................................................... (2)

2­
Island School Chemistry 10e
(d) During the twentieth century another structural form of carbon was discovered.
In this structural form the molecules have the formula C60 and are shaped like footballs.

(i) C60 has a much lower sublimation temperature than diamond. Suggest why .

........ ~ ... Jf..~~Q); ..<fq.r.(.g!>.....~t.0.(.~ ...... M.~~~.4v?

....... ~........k~.....~. .io...... Q\l~~..~~.~ .....................
....... ~......hQ.... (.c.Q~.'O'r;~) ... bQ.~? ... bK).~ ../ ... U~
.............. d.t. (A.Mq. !x4....(..G.o..~r~~) ... Nr::-:J;:0 ....(;?,t9:tg;:0- (3)

Oi) Would you expect C60 to act as a lubricant? Explain your answer.

---~.-
~
if yes: .----------------------------1
if no: )
any two from (strong) covalent bonds
(molecules) round/balls/football shaped
weak forces between molecules
roll
hold atoms in place/need lots of energy
to break (dependent on M 1) j
)(2)

7. (a) The diagram represents the structure of a metal.

ciectroll'> hom O\lt~!' "hell of metai 8tOllh

metal iOJl ;

(i) Use the diagram to help you explain why a metal conducts electricity
- . -~--- -
~~
.- .

• electrons
• able to move/can flow/mobile (dependent on first mark)

~. . . . . . . .=
.............~~............. (2)
Island School Chemistry 10e
7 cont (ii) Use the diagram to help you explain why a metal is malleable
... ."r-""--'''--~~~~'''''''--~ .. ..
• layers/rows/lines (of ions /atoms) not electrons (
.... . • slide/slip / move over each other (dependent on first mark) ...;;) ... ..

. ..... ........ .... .. ...~~~..-..=-;~~~"'-~/........... (2)

8. The list gives the order of reactivity of some metals.
most reactive magnesium

~i;per
least reactive
r silver

(a) Iron is sometimes coated with zinc to prevent the iron rusting. The iron does not rust
even if the coating of zinc becomes damaged. C' (' , r ~ , . '
v 0\1"'\ I $(I\:Y
3' l ("

(i) What is the name given to this method of rust prevention? ... ;r;G,G%:i::f!<f)..o.J............ (l)
pr-<Jfe~
(ii) Give one example where this method of rust prevention is used.

/'"C\ il. "fjs./C;q V?IQ.:.!d..3(;iJ./.b..~~/h.lC},t..e:r.!t.f.c:.<!t:1/ (Gam p

(iii) Explain how this method of rust prevention works.
" ............
..... Z U'''-G mare. tfe-a Gtr\r-fl (i/llvt'l/) )~A)'
......................................... ....... ......................... ................. .... ! . .. ~...... .

..
...~ ....~.~.~.~: .....f}...~.~t$. J(0... p.~c€:/.!..Gl:·....f9... ,(,C]:)./J .... (2)
(b) A student is given some solid nickel nitrate and several small pieces of magnesium, zinc, iron,
copper and silver. Describe and explain how he can find the position of nickel in the reactivity
series given above. ,
- ~:'}V-e6+
r-------,,-------'::W
?'
,. .- r'
CLrv1 "
iOn /'
Ct (.(5L,p
I, I'-"t- ,e..cT., .
• make solution of nickel nitrate displacement reaction with 1
• add metal reaction without anything else 1
making a solution (such as
• if reaction occurs then metal is is max 2 , ~
HCl(aq)) is 1
more reactive than nickel = zero
OR react with
• work down from top of list until metal (for 2 nd
no reaction occurs / work up mark)
from bottom of list until reaction
.......... does occur. (3)
9. (a) Copper forms when magnesium reacts with copper(II) nitrate solution. The ionic
equation for the reaction is
Cu 2\aq) + Mg(s) ~ Cu(s) + Mg 2\aq)

(i) What does this reaction indicate about the reactivity of copper?

.................. LL$..0. ... v..~-{J!);'J.v..?...iJJr.~~......~r.0.6J!~S~~.~.~~ (1)

(ii) Describe the colour change of the solution if an excess of magnesium is added.

Colour at start ........ b./.~................... Colour at finish ........ r£+.t.~.~4:?.............. (2)

Island School Chemistry 10e

10. The diagram shows apparatus that can be used to electrolyse dilute/'.................~

'------It POWER SUPPL'{ r - - - ----'

(a) (i) Label the electrodes in the diagram by writing the symbols + and - in the circles. (1)

(ii) The equations for the reactions occurring at the electrodes are

Equation 1

Give the formula of the ion being reduced. Give a reason for your choice.

H·t-
Ion ..................... ... ..................................... .................................................. ......... .

Reason ........ ~a(V.0 ...f:)j0.-:t.0..M ......................................................

(2)

(iii) The volume of hydrogen gas collected after a few minutes is shown on the diagram.
*" Draw another line on the diagram to show the volume of oxygen gas collected after the
same length of time.
Explain your choice with reference to Equations 1 and 2 .

. . .~. . JDy... ~. . $~hJ~ ..... h.~~.~.....9..f......'e!.k<iJ:9.JYJ

LV\ eq' LL O,..G l 61'fl I ............................................................
.................................................................. '-< o:l
.... ~........2..... m.~ .....C..f...... h:J.dK)8.~ ....fo.tJx'v........... . (3)
fo-v t ~~ crJ a~ 'X:Jj ~
( GY J hl ~Vvu'~ t~'j dJ-Gje tv fo~
fi:sr ( (y\-~Gv1;!. cj cO '><;:;8~ J

5.
Island School Chemistry 10e
10 cont ~ flV\~ e-,
(b) In one experiment, the amount of charge passed was 0.40 faraday.
(i) Calculate the amount, in moles, of hydrogen gas formed. (1)
/eoJ:;(O ~ M~ e- ~ I Mc..~ H~
" .
(ii) Calculate the volume, in dm 3 , of this amount of hydrogen gas at room temperature and
pressure (rtp). (Molar volume of any gas = 24 dm 3 at rtp) (2)

(tV >< ;}4­

Oc.'·~>< ~~
~ 4-- 8 CLtiv\ OS)~__~
(c) In a second experiment, the amount of charge passed wa[O.80 faraday .
(i) Calculate the amount, in moles, of oxygen formed. ~--<; "rJ A __ (1)
n ~~e
K.-tLt-lO: 1+ I~.c.~ e-- :; I ~ a ~
/. ~ Q·· 8 w--~( e~ ':; 0 ~~ f~~ 0
2.

(ii) Calculate the mass, in g, of oxygen formed. (2)

Vvlcvn - VV )< 32
.....,
Or~ K 32­
'- ,
to If-
;-> Cj)
~__~~~~____~______________________________-. (3)
Pro
aeroplanes ION dehsct' ,
Drink cans Easil moulded
Overhead power cables . C::c ef CO--{,,, d u....cJ-o r(' D

Pans for cooking _ C~G u..e:J.G r

Ac-eept re~isfS COH-oS(G~ Gr,C,Q... -dar a,~ of ~~
b) Give one use of copper and state the property of copper on which thllt use ae ends .
. • ----...-----.....,--- I ., ~ - -- ­

Use.~ Electrical wiring - electrical conductor / malleable/ ductile

~ Overhead power cables - electrical conductor / malleable
/ductiLe (2)
Q. Water pipes - unreactive / does not corrode / ductile
/malleable
" (bottom of) saucepans - heat conductor /unreactive

~0u~ ~
(j) i~ o1:e/d ~ift:J

b"