Republic of the Philippines

ZAMBOANGA STATE COLLEGE OF MARINE SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

Fort Pilar, Zamboanga City
Tel No: (062) 991-0643 Telefax (062) 991-0777 ZSCMST – CME – 3.2-6
website: http/www.zscmst.edu.ph ADOPTED Date: 5-2011
Revision Status: 2
Revision Date: 2-2022
COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MARINE TRANSPORTATION

COURSE SYLLABUS
IN
NAV - 3
Terrestrial and Coastal Navigation 2
PREPARED BY: VALIDATED BY:
Committee on Curriculum Review
Attested by: DR. CONSORCIA P. ABILA
Director, Quality Assurance Office
PROF. LORENA G. TAN____________
Head, Curriculum Development Office
Recommending
Approval by:
C/E CHRISTALYN DR. CHIONG
CAPT. EDMUNDO P. Dean, College of Maritime Education
LAURENTE
Faculty CAPT. EDMUNDO P. LAURENTE____
Approved by:
BS Marine Transportation Program JAIME G. JALON, Ph.D.
Chair College President
Date: June 2023 Date: June 2023 Date: June 2023

Page 1 of 38
 COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION

VISION: A world-class institution for higher learning, research, development and innovation in fisheries, marine sciences, maritime education, and technology
by 2024.
MISSION: Provide quality education and relevant research and extension to produce globally competitive human capital for fisheries and marine-based
industries.
CORE VALUES: Commitment Attitude Relationship Excellence
INSTITUTIONAL OUTCOMES:
Graduates who are conscious of their professional responsibility and of their vocational and technological competence for global competitiveness.

PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES:

The Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation (BSMT) program aims to:
a) Provide and equip students with knowledge, understanding, proficiencies, skills, competences, attitudes and values to qualify and prepare them for assessment and
certification as officer-in-Charge of a Navigational Watch (OICNW) a seagoing ship of 500 gross tonnage or more; and
b) Produce graduates who are qualified to pursue a professional career or advanced studies in a related maritime field of specialization.

PROGRAM OUTCOMES:
The graduates of the BSMT program shall have acquired the knowledge and competencies necessary to perform the following:
1) Engage in lifelong learning and understanding of the need to keep abreast of the developments in maritime practice;
2) Work independently and in multidisciplinary and multicultural things
3) Act in recognition and practice of professional, social, and ethical accountability and responsibility;
4) Preserve and promote “Filipino Historical and Cultural Heritage”
5) Apply knowledge in mathematics, sciences and technology in solving problems related to the profession and the workplace.
6) Evaluate the impact and implications of various contemporary issues in the global and social context of the profession.
7) Use appropriate techniques, skills and modern tools in the practice of the profession in order to remain globally competitive.
8) Contribute to the existing body of knowledge through research or other forms of creative discourse and innovative works.
9) Demonstrate the competence to perform the functions pertaining to navigation, cargo handling and stowage, controlling the operation of the ship and care for
persons on board under Table A-II/1 and acquire some knowledge and understanding under Table A-ll/2 of the STCW Code that are covered by this program
under Annex Al.
10) Demonstrate the competence to perform the functions pertaining to marine engineering, electrical, electronic and control engineering, maintenance and repair
and controlling the operation of the ship and care for persons on board under Table A-III/1, and acquire some knowledge and understanding under Table A-III/2
of the STCW Code that are covered by this program under Annex A2.
11) Demonstrate service orientation in one's profession
12) Demonstrate ability to engage in various types of employment, development activities, and public discourses, particularly in response to the needs of the
community one serves*
13) Demonstrate support "national, regional and local development plans" of the country through participation in the generation of new knowledge or in research
and development projects, especially those from state universities and colleges*

Page 2 of 38
 REVISION HISTORY

NO. DATE REVISION

1 October 30, 2013 First year Course Specification, Syllabi, Instructor’s Guide in BSMT and BSMAR E

2 May 5, 2014 Second year Course Specification, Syllabi, Instructor’s Guide in BSMT and BSMAR E

3 July 14, 2014 Third year Course Specification, Syllabi, Instructor’s Guide in BSMT and BSMAR E

First, Second-, and Third-year Course Specification, Syllabi, Instructor’s Guide in BSMT and BSMAR
December 4, 2014
4 E

First, Second-, and Third-year Course Specification, Syllabi, Instructor’s Guide in BSMT and BSMAR
5 May 28, 2015
E

6 Dec 2017 From CMO 20 s 2015 to CMO 67 s 2017

7 JUNE 2020 From CMO 20 s 2015 to CMO 67 s 2017 AND PAMI GUIDE

8 February, 2022 2nd Semester Revised based on CMO 67 Series of 2017

9 June 2023 JCMMC 01, 2023

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 Part A: Course Specification
Course Code : NAV 3
Course
: Terrestrial and Coastal Navigation 2
Descriptive Title
Prerequisite : NAV 2 Corequisite : None
Year Level : Second Year Semester offered : First Semester
: Theoretical Contact Hours Per Demonstration/Practical
Course Credits 5 units : 3 hours : 6 hours
Week Work Hours per Week
STCW Table Function Competence Knowledge, Understanding and Proficiency
Terrestrial and coastal navigation
KUP2. Ability to determine the ship's position by
use of:
C.I. Plan and conduct a
STCW Reference PI. Navigation at the .1 landmarks
A-II/1 passage and determine
operational level .2 aids to navigation, including lighthouses,
position
beacons, and buoys
.3 dead reckoning, taking into account winds,
tides, currents, and estimated speed
A-II/1
Fl.
C1. KUP2.1
A-II/1
Course C01. Use the most appropriate terrestrial method of fixing the ship's position under prevailing circumstances
Fl.
Outcome(s) C1. KUP2.2
and conditions.
A-II/1
Fl.
C1. KUP2.3

Page 4 of 38
 Part B: Course Outline and Timetable
Time Allotment (in hours)
Term Week Topic Demonstration/Practical
Theoretical
Work
1. Introduction to Terrestrial Navigation:
1 1.1 understand the basic principles of terrestrial navigation 3 6
and apply them to determine position and direction on land.
2. Running Fixes in Navigation:
2.1 Understand and apply the concept of running fixes for
2 3 6
continuous navigation.
3. Set and Drift:
3. understand the concepts of set and drift, learn how to
3 3 6
calculate them, and apply this knowledge in determining the
course to steer for effective navigation.
Midterm 4. The use of single and double angles in terrestrial navigation:
4 4.1 interpret depth soundings, contour lines, and navigational 3 6
hazards on nautical charts through hands-on exercises.
5. Ship's position through dead reckoning, factoring in winds,
tides, currents, and estimated speed:
5 5.1 Determine and calculate a ship's position through dead 3 6
reckoning, factoring in winds, tides, currents, and estimated
speed.
6. GMT, LMT Calculation, and ETA Calculation:
6.1 Develop proficiency in calculating Greenwich Mean Time
and Local Mean Time.
6 6.2 Understand the principles and techniques behind time 3 6
calculations for navigation.
6.3 Apply time calculations to estimate the time of arrival in
navigation scenarios.
6. Bow and Beam bearing:
7 6.1 calculate ship positions using bow and beam 3 3
bearings through triangulation.
8 7. Earth Coordinate System: Difference of Latitude and 3 6
Difference of Longitude Calculation:
7.1 calculate and apply the concepts of Difference of
Page 5 of 38
 Latitude and Difference of Longitude in navigation.
Final 9 Midterm Examination 3 6
8. Plane Sailing:
10 8.1 understand and apply the principles of plane sailing for 3 6
basic navigation.
9. Parallel Sailing:
11 9.1 understand and apply parallel sailing calculations in 3 6
navigation.
10. Middle Latitude Sailing:
10.1 understand and apply middle latitude sailing
12 3 6
calculations to determine their position and make
informed navigational decisions.
11. Mercator Sailing:
13 11.1 understand Mercator sailing calculations and apply them 3 6
in navigation to determine courses and distances accurately.
12. Great Circle Sailing:
12.1 understand great circle sailing principles, learn how to
14 - 15 6 12
calculate distances and courses on a great circle route, and
apply these concepts in navigation.
13. Composite Sailing:
13.1 understand and apply composite sailing calculations by
16 - 17 6 12
integrating different navigation methods to determine
courses and distances accurately
18 FINAL EXAMINATION 3 6
Sub-total (Contact Hours) 54 108
Total Contact Hours 162

Page 6 of 38
 ZAMBOANGA STATE COLLEGE OF MARINE SCIENCES COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION Document Name : Part C.
Detailed Teaching Syllabus
AND TECHNOLOGY Document No. : 1
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MARINE
TRANSPORTATION CONTROLLED

PART C: DETAILED TEACHING SYLLABUS

Course Code / Descriptive Title : NAV 3 / Terrestrial and Coastal Navigation 2
STCW' Competence : A-II/1 F1.C1: Plan and conduct a passage and determine position
Credit Units: 4 units Lecture Hour(s): 3 hours Laboratory Hour(s): 3 hours Pre-requisite(s): NAV 1
Course Description:
This course in Terrestrial and Coastal Navigation 2 is meticulously designed to meet the stringent requirements of the Standards of Training, Certification, and
Watchkeeping (STCW) conventions. Aimed at maritime professionals and sailing enthusiasts, this program delves into various calculation techniques essential for
navigating both terrestrial and coastal waters. "
Course Outcomes:
At the end the course, students should be able to:
C01. Use information obtained from the relevant corrected nautical charts and publications in planning and conducting navigation.

Prepared By: Reviewed/Validated By:

DR. CONSORCIA P. ABILA
Committee on Curriculum Review Attested by:
Director, Quality Assurance Office
C/E CHRISTALYN DR. CHIONG
Recommending Approval Dean, College of Maritime Education
PROF. LORENA G. TAN by:
Capt. Edmundo P. Laurente Head, Curriculum Development Office

Page 7 of 38
 Faculty

CAPT. EDMUNDO P. LAURENTE Approved by: JAIME G. JALON, Ph.D.

BS Marine Transportation Program Chair College President

I. Course Information
Document Part 1: Detailed Teaching Syllabus
Course Code NAV 3
Course Descriptive Title Terrestrial and Coastal Navigation 2
4 units LECTURE 3 hours LABORATORY 3 hours
CONTACT CONTACT
Course Credit & Hours HOURS PER
WEEK HOURS PER WEEK

Description and Coverage Our Terrestrial and Coastal Navigation 2 is meticulously crafted in accordance with the Standards of Training, Certification, and
Watchkeeping (STCW) conventions. This comprehensive program is tailored for maritime professionals and sailing enthusiasts,
providing a solid foundation in navigating both terrestrial and coastal waters. Students will gain essential skills aligned with
international standards to meet the stringent requirements set by the STCW.
Coverage:
1. Introduction to Terrestrial Navigation:
1.1 understand the basic principles of terrestrial navigation and apply them to determine position and direction
on land.
2. Running Fixes in Navigation:
2.1 Understand and apply the concept of running fixes for continuous navigation.
3. Set and Drift:
3.1 understand the concepts of set and drift, learn how to calculate them, and apply this knowledge in
determining the course to steer for effective navigation.
4. The use of single and double angles in terrestrial navigation:
4.1 interpret depth soundings, contour lines, and navigational hazards on nautical charts through hands-on
exercises.
5. Ship's position through dead reckoning, factoring in winds, tides, currents, and estimated speed:
5.1 Determine and calculate a ship's position through dead reckoning, factoring in winds, tides, currents, and
estimated speed.
6. GMT, LMT Calculation, and ETA Calculation
6.1 Develop proficiency in calculating Greenwich Mean Time and Local Mean Time.
Page 8 of 38
 6.2 Understand the principles and techniques behind time calculations for navigation.
6.3 Apply time calculations to estimate the time of arrival in navigation scenarios.
7. Bow and Beam Bearing:
7.1 calculate ship positions using bow and beam bearings through triangulation.
8. Earth Coordinate System: Difference of Latitude and Difference of Longitude Calculation:
8.1 calculate and apply the concepts of Difference of Latitude and Difference of Longitude in navigation.
9. Plane Sailing:
9.1 understand and apply the principles of plane sailing for basic navigation.
10. Parallel Sailing:
10.1 understand and apply parallel sailing calculations in navigation.
11. Middle Latitude Sailing:
11.1 understand and apply middle latitude sailing calculations to determine their position and make informed
navigational decisions.
12. Mercator Sailing:
12.1 understand Mercator sailing calculations and apply them in navigation to determine courses and
distances accurately.
13. Great Circle Sailing:
13.1 understand great circle sailing principles, learn how to calculate distances and courses on a great circle
route, and apply these concepts in navigation.
14. Composite Sailing:
14.1 understand and apply composite sailing calculations by integrating different navigation methods to
determine courses and distances accurately

Program Outcomes Addressed The Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation (BSMT) program aims to:
a) Demonstrate proficiency in selecting and employing the most suitable terrestrial navigation methods based on
prevailing circumstances and conditions.
b) Utilize appropriate techniques to accurately determine the ship's position in diverse environmental and navigational
conditions.
c) Assess and respond effectively to environmental factors such as weather conditions, visibility, and navigational
challenges that may impact the selection of terrestrial navigation methods.
d) Exhibit sound decision-making skills in choosing the optimal terrestrial navigation method, considering factors such as
accuracy, reliability, and real-time navigational requirements.
e) Apply safety protocols and practices while employing terrestrial navigation methods, ensuring the well-being of the
vessel, crew, and cargo.
f) Integrate electronic navigation tools, when appropriate, to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of terrestrial
navigation methods in line with industry best practices.

Page 9 of 38
 g) Apply the selected terrestrial navigation method proficiently in coastal waters, considering specific challenges
associated with coastal navigation.
h) Engage in practical exercises that simulate real-world scenarios, allowing for the practical application and refinement
of skills related to fixing the ship's position using terrestrial methods.
i) Adhere to international standards, including those outlined by the STCW conventions, in the application of terrestrial
navigation methods to fix the ship's position.

STCW Competence A-II/1 F1.C1: Plan and conduct a passage and determine position

KUP: A-II/1. F1. C1. KUP2. Ability to determine the ship's position by use of:
.1 landmarks
STCW KUP
.2 aids to navigation, including lighthouses, beacons, and buoys
.3 dead reckoning, taking into account winds, tides, currents, and estimated speed.
CO1: Use information obtained from the relevant corrected nautical charts and publications in planning and conducting
Course Outcomes
navigation.
References 1. Table A-II/1 Function 1: Navigation at Operational level
2. CMO No. 67 series of 2017: Revised PSG for BS Marine Transportation and BS Marine Engineering Programs
Instructional Materials Handouts  Computer and Projector
 Whiteboard or Chalkboard
 Printed Materials
 Video Clips
 Simulators
 Online Learning Platforms
 Power Point Presentation
 Nautical charts (paper or electronic)
 Compasses
 Parallel rulers
 Scientific calculator
 Useful Table
Videos Online Learning Platforms
Facility & Equipment CMO 67, S. 2017, Section 13.2
Teaching and Learning Activities
Assessment 100% of all outcome assessment
Course Outcome (summative) via authentic assessment
Formative as appropriate
Page 10 of 38
 Resit Failure in formative assessment: no resit.
Failure in summative: 2 resit allowed, 1 with remediation & 1 without remediation
Failing the resit means failing the course
Grading CMO No. 2023 stipulates how a student maybe rated. Thus, the College of Maritime
Education adopted the following grading scheme course with Lecture & Laboratory:
A. Theoretical grade (for courses with no laboratory) Formative assessment (weight value of the grade is 40%)
 short examination or exercises/activities
 Oral examinations
 Research works
 Outputs such as project, portfolio
Summative assessment (weight value of the grade is 60%)
 Major examination of course outcome
 Technical Report
 Other outputs /outcomes
B. Laboratory grade (for courses with no lecture component) Formative assessment (40%)
 Exercises / drills
 Scientific or Technical Experiments
Summative assessment (60%)
 Practical Test for demonstration of competence
 Projects
C. Combined theoretical and laboratory grades (for courses with lecture and laboratory components)
Lecture grade Formative assessment (40%)
 Short examination or exercises/ activities
 Oral examinations
 Research works
 Outputs such as project, portfolio, and others
Summative assessment (60%)
 Major examination of course outcome
 Technical Report
 Other outputs / outcomes
Laboratory grade
Formative assessment (40%)
 Exercises / drills
 Scientific or Technical Experiments
Summative assessment (60%)
 Practical Test for demonstration of competence Projects

Page 11 of 38
 Assignments and Deadlines Students may be given advance reading and/or assignment, i.e. class will start with formative assessment either via quizzes
or recitation. Deadline of assignment submission will be announced as appropriate.
Paper Submission specifications Essay must be submitted in A4 size bond paper. Font Calibri 12 Double space
Semester offered First Semester
Instructor Name
Instructor Office CME Building
Instructor's Availability for
Consultation
Contact Information Phone / Email
Class Schedule
Class Venue CME Building
Ground Rules -No cellphone
-If you wish to speak, raise your hand to be recognized
-Once students are seated, no exchange of seat
-Students who intend to go to the head will silently egress and ingress
-Calculator may or may not be allowed
Attendance Policy -Absences equivalent to 20% of contact hours will automatically drop the student from the course
-Classroom door will be lock 15 minutes after class starts, late students after academic quarter will be considered absent
Holiday Policy Any class schedule that was cancelled due to holiday or similar circumstances means that the class calendar will be
automatically extended to replace loss time, unless all (100%) students have already attained the outcomes.
Class Participation -Students are expected to be ready when attending the class, learners are randomly called to Recite or solve problems .
-Ask any question within the domain
-Students may answer questions using any formula or procedures that to get at a correct answer

Prepared By: Reviewed/Validated By:

Committee on Curriculum Review Attested by: DR. CONSORCIA P. ABILA

Director, Quality Assurance Office
Capt. Edmundo P. Laurente
Faculty PROF. LORENA G. TAN Recommending Approval
Head, Curriculum Development Office by: C/E CHRISTALYN DR. CHIONG
Dean, College of Maritime Education

CAPT. EDMUNDO P. LAURENTE

BS Marine Transportation Program Chair Approved by: JAIME G. JALON, Ph.D.
College President
Page 12 of 38
II. TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Equipment, materials Indicative
Learning Outcomes Topic Teaching-Learning Activity (TLA) Assessment
and references Hrs.
Competence/s:
A-II/1 F1.C1: Plan and conduct a passage and determine position

Performance Assessment:
"Conduct a comprehensive performance assessment
focused on the adept application of the most
C01: Use the most appropriate terrestrial method of fixing the ship's position under suitable terrestrial method for determining the
prevailing circumstances and conditions. ship's position, considering the dynamic interplay of
prevailing circumstances and environmental
conditions to optimize navigational accuracy and
safety."
KUP:
A-II/1. F1.C1. KUP2. Ability to determine the ship's position by use of:
.1 landmarks
.2 aids to navigation, including lighthouses, beacons, and buoys
.3 dead reckoning, taking into account winds, tides, currents, and estimated speed

At the end of this TA: Equipment and Written Test: Lec.

learning outcomes, Topic 1 Introduction: Materials:  Assess students' 3 hrs.
students should be able  Briefly explain what terrestrial navigation is  Computer and knowledge of
to… and its importance. Projector theoretical Lab.
LO 1: Introduction to  Discuss real-world applications, such as  Whiteboard or concepts such as 6 hrs.
understand the basic Terrestrial hiking, orienteering, and map reading. Chalkboard latitude and
principles of terrestrial Navigation Maps and Scale:  Printed Materials longitude, map
navigation and apply  Introduce different types of maps  Video Clips reading, compass
them to determine (topographic, road maps, etc.).  Simulators use, and navigation
Page 13 of 38
 position and direction on  -Explain the concept of scale and how it is  Online Learning terminology.
land. represented on maps. Platforms  Include multiple-
Latitude and Longitude:  Power Point choice questions,
 Define latitude and longitude. Presentation short answers, and
 Explain how these coordinates help in  Nautical charts (paper diagram labeling.
locating positions on Earth's surface. or electronic)
 Conduct a simple exercise where students  Compasses Map Reading Exercises:
locate specific points on a map using latitude  Rulers  Assign exercises
and longitude. where students
Compass and Bearings: References and have to interpret
 Introduce the compass and its parts. Textbooks: different types of
 Explain how to take and read bearings.  "Chart No. 1: Nautical maps, identify
 Conduct a practical exercise with compass Chart Symbols, coordinates, and
readings. Abbreviations, and calculate distances.
Navigation Tools and Techniques: Terms" by the  Evaluate their
 Pacing and Dead Reckoning: National Oceanic and ability to use maps
 Explain the concept of pacing (measuring Atmospheric for navigation and
distance by counting steps) and dead Administration locate specific
reckoning (estimating one's current (NOAA): points.
position based on a previously known  "The American
position). Practical Navigator
 Demonstrate how to use pacing and dead (Bowditch)" by
reckoning together for basic navigation. Nathaniel Bowditch:
 Using a Compass and Map Together:  "How to Read a
 Discuss the integration of compass Nautical Chart" by
readings with maps. Nigel Calder:
 Guide students on how to follow a route
on a map using a compass.
 Conduct a practical exercise where
students navigate a short route using a
map and compass.
 Landmarks and Navigation Aids:
 Discuss the importance of landmarks and
natural features in terrestrial navigation.
 Introduce basic navigation aids like trail
markers, cairns, and signs.

Page 14 of 38
 LA:
Practical Application:
 Divide students into small groups.
 Provide them with maps, compasses, and a
list of coordinates or landmarks.
 Have each group navigate through a
predefined course using the skills they've
learned.
Homework/Assignment:
 Assign a homework task that requires
students to plan a short hiking trip,
considering the principles of terrestrial
navigation. They should submit a map of their
proposed route, including key landmarks,
distances, and compass bearings.

LO2.1 TOPIC 2 TA: Equipment and Written Assessment: Lec.

Understand and apply the Introduction: Materials:  Create a written 3 hrs.
concept of running fixes Running Fixes in  Define running fixes: Explain that running  Computer and exam that includes
for continuous navigation. Navigation fixes are a method of continuously updating a Projector multiple-choice Lab.
vessel's position while underway.  Whiteboard or questions, 6 hrs.
 Discuss the importance of running fixes for Chalkboard true/false
safe navigation, especially in coastal and  Printed Materials statements, and
congested waters  Video Clips short-answer
Basic Concepts: questions that
 Simulators
 Review concepts of dead reckoning and how includes questions
 Online Learning
it provides an estimated position. about the principles
 Introduce the idea of visual fixes, bearings, Platforms of running fixes, the
and distances to landmarks.  Power Point use of bearings,
 Discuss the limitations of dead reckoning and Presentation triangulation, and
the need for frequent position updates.  Nautical charts (paper the importance of
Identifying Landmarks: or electronic) continuous
 Show examples of common landmarks on  Compasses monitoring.
nautical charts.  Parallel rulers or
 Discuss how to identify and choose navigation plotter Practical Navigation

Page 15 of 38
 appropriate landmarks for navigation.  Charts or diagrams Exercise:
 Emphasize the importance of easily illustrating buoyage  Provide students
recognizable and distinctive features. marks with a simulated
Taking Bearings: navigation scenario.
 Demonstrate how to take bearings using a References and Ask them to plot a
compass. Textbooks: course, take
 Practice taking bearings on various landmarks  "The Complete Sailor: bearings to
in a controlled setting. Learning the Art of landmarks, and
 Discuss how to convert magnetic bearings to Sailing" by David continuously
true bearings if necessary. Seidman: update their
Triangulation:  "The RYA Navigation position using
 Introduce the concept of triangulation and Handbook" by Tim running fixes.
how it helps in fixing the position. Bartlett:
 Provide examples of plotting bearings on a  "Chapman Piloting &
chart and using intersecting lines to Seamanship" by
determine the vessel's position. Chapman:
 Conduct practical exercises with students
plotting their own positions.
Incorporating Distance:
 Discuss the use of distances to further refine
a running fix.
 Practice estimating distances to landmarks
and applying them to the running fix.

LA:
Practical Application:
 Conduct a simulated navigation exercise.
 Have students plot a course, take bearings to
landmarks, and update their position using
running fixes.
 Discuss the importance of continuous
monitoring and updating.

LO3.1 TOPIC 3 TA: Equipment and Written Assessment: Lec.

understand the concepts Introduction: Materials:  Design an exam 3 hrs.
of set and drift, learn how Set and Drift  Begin with a brief discussion on the  Computer and with questions that

Page 16 of 38
 to calculate them, and importance of understanding set and drift in Projector assess theoretical Lab.
apply this knowledge in navigation.  Whiteboard or understanding of 6 hrs.
determining the course to  Connect the lesson to real-world scenarios Chalkboard set and drift,
steer for effective where accurate set and drift calculations are  Printed Materials including
navigation. crucial for safe navigation.  Video Clips definitions, factors
Recap Previous Knowledge:  Simulators affecting
 Review basic navigation concepts, such as calculations, and
 Online Learning
latitude, longitude, and compass directions, methods for
Platforms
to ensure students have a foundational determining them.
understanding.  Power Point  Include scenarios
Theory: Presentation where students
Definition of Set and Drift:  Nautical charts (paper must apply set and
 Define set and drift, explaining how they or electronic) drift calculations.
relate to the movement of a vessel in relation  Compasses
to the water and the ground.  Parallel rulers Practical Exercises:
 Use visual aids and real-world examples to  Scientific calculator  Assign practical
illustrate these concepts. exercises where
Determining Set and Drift: References and students apply set
 Explain the methods used to determine set Textbooks: and drift
and drift, including visual observations, radar,  "The Principles of calculations to real
and dead reckoning. Navigation: Admiralty or simulated
 Discuss the challenges and factors that can Manual of Navigation scenarios.
affect accurate set and drift calculations. Vol. 1"  Evaluate their
 "Navigation: accuracy and
LA: Principles of efficiency in using
Practical Exercises: Positioning and the methods taught
 Distribute nautical charts to students and Guidance" during the lesson.
provide them with navigational tools.  "Bowditch's American
 Demonstrate how to use the tools to
Practical Navigator"
measure set and drift visually and calculate
them using given data.
Worksheet Practice:
 Hand out worksheets with practice problems
related to set and drift calculations.
 Guide students through solving these
problems, emphasizing the steps involved.

Page 17 of 38
 Group Activity:
 Create a simulated scenario where students
must calculate set and drift based on
changing conditions (e.g., wind, currents).
 Divide students into small groups and have
them collaborate to make navigation
decisions.
Group Discussions:
 Encourage group discussions on the
challenges faced during the simulation and
the decision-making process.
 Emphasize the importance of adapting
calculations based on real-time conditions.

LO4.1 TOPIC 4 TA: Equipment and Problem-Solving Lec.

interpret depth Introduction: Materials: Exercises: 3 hrs.
soundings, contour lines, The use of single and  Start the lesson by revisiting the concept of  Computer and  Provide problem-
and navigational hazards double angles in terrestrial navigation and its importance. Projector solving scenarios Lab.
on nautical charts terrestrial  Briefly introduce the role of angles in  Whiteboard or that require 6 hrs.
through hands-on navigation. determining a ship's position. Chalkboard students to use
exercises.  Discuss the significance of single and double  Printed Materials single and double
angles in navigation.  Video Clips angles to determine
Explanation of Single Angles:  Simulators a ship's position.
 Definition and Purpose:  Online Learning  Evaluate their
 Define what a single angle is and why it is Platforms ability to apply the
used in navigation.  Power Point concepts in
 Explain that a single angle is the angle Presentation practical situations.
between the direction of the ship and a  Nautical charts (paper
prominent terrestrial feature. or electronic) Simulation Exercises:
 Taking Single Angles:  Compasses  Use navigation
 Demonstrate how to take a single angle  Parallel rulers simulation software
using a compass and a prominent References and or create realistic
landmark visible from the ship. Textbooks: scenarios where
 Discuss the importance of choosing  "The American students must apply
stable and easily identifiable landmarks. Practical Navigator" single and double
 Calculating Position: (Bowditch): angles to navigate a

Page 18 of 38
  Illustrate how to use the single angle to  "Navigation: virtual ship.
determine the ship's position on the Principles of  Assess their
chart. Positioning and decision-making
 Emphasize the need for accuracy in both Guidance" by A. M. and problem-
the angle measurement and plotting on Moodie: solving skills in the
the chart.  "Introduction to simulated
Marine Navigation" environment.
LA: by Larry E. Pearson:
Hands-On Exercise – Single Angles
 Provide students with nautical charts or
maps.
 Assign each student or group a specific
location on the chart.
 Instruct them to use a compass and take
single angles to prominent landmarks.
 Have them calculate and plot their ship's
position based on the single angle.

TA:
Explanation of Double Angles:
 Definition and Purpose:
 Define what a double angle is and how it
differs from a single angle.
 Explain that a double angle involves
taking two consecutive single angles to fix
the ship's position.
 Procedure for Double Angles:
 Outline the steps for taking and using
double angles for navigation.
 Discuss the advantages of using double
angles for increased accuracy.
 Calculating Position:
 Demonstrate how to calculate the ship's
position using double angles on the chart.
 Emphasize the importance of maintaining
a consistent course between the two

Page 19 of 38
 angle measurements.

LA:
Hands-On Exercise – Double Angles:
 Assign a new location on the chart to each
student or group.
 Instruct them to take two consecutive single
angles and use them to fix their ship's
position.
 Emphasize the importance of maintaining the
correct course during the measurements.

Discussion and Review:

 Reconvene as a class and discuss the results
of the hands-on exercises.
 Address any challenges or questions students
encountered.
 Review the key principles of using single and
double angles in terrestrial navigation.

LO5.1 TOPIC 5 TA: Equipment and Practical Exercises: Lec.

Determine and calculate a Introduction: Materials:  Use navigation 3 hrs.
ship's position through Ship's position  Begin by revisiting the concept of dead  Computer and simulation software
dead reckoning, factoring through dead reckoning and its importance in navigation. Projector or tools to create Lab.
in winds, tides, currents, reckoning, factoring  Introduce the factors that affect dead  Whiteboard or scenarios where 6 hrs.
and estimated speed. in winds, tides, reckoning, specifically focusing on winds, Chalkboard students must
currents, and tides, currents, and estimated speed.  Printed Materials determine a ship's
estimated speed.  Discuss why it's crucial to consider these  Video Clips position through
factors for accurate navigation.  Simulators dead reckoning
Key Concepts:  Online Learning while accounting
 Winds: Platforms for winds, tides,
 Explain how wind can impact a ship's  Power Point currents, and
course and speed. Presentation estimated speed.
 Discuss the difference between true wind  Nautical charts (paper Evaluate their
and apparent wind. or electronic) decision-making
 Emphasize the importance of accounting  Compasses and accuracy in

Page 20 of 38
 for wind effects in dead reckoning.  Parallel rulers simulated
 Tides and Currents:  Calculators conditions.
 Discuss the influence of tides and
currents on a ship's movement. References and Problem-Solving
 Explain the concepts of flood tide, ebb Textbooks: Scenarios:
tide, and slack water.  "The American  Case Studies:
 Illustrate how to estimate the effect of Practical Navigator" Present real or
tides and currents on the ship's course (Bowditch): hypothetical
and speed.  "Navigation for scenarios where
 Estimated Speed: Mariners" by R. students need to
 Discuss methods for estimating a ship's Bowditch Institute of determine a ship's
speed, including visual observations and Practical Navigation: position using dead
the use of ship's instruments.  "Practical Navigation reckoning. Include
 Explain the importance of continuously for Officers of the information about
updating the estimated speed during a Watch" by Captain A. winds, tides,
journey. N. Cockcroft: currents, and
Calculation Methods: estimated speed.
 Wind Correction: Assess their
 Provide examples of how to calculate and problem-solving
apply wind correction angles. skills and
 Discuss the impact of wind on the ship's application of
track and how to compensate for it in theoretical
dead reckoning calculations. knowledge.
 Tide and Current Correction:
 Illustrate methods for calculating the
effect of tides and currents on the ship's
course and speed.
 Provide scenarios for students to practice
adjusting their dead reckoning positions
based on tidal and current information.
 Estimated Speed Adjustment:
 Teach methods for adjusting the
estimated speed based on observed
conditions.
 Discuss the importance of regularly
updating the estimated speed to

Page 21 of 38
 maintain accuracy in dead reckoning.

LA:
Hands-On Exercise:
 Distribute nautical charts or maps to
students.
 Provide hypothetical wind, tide, and current
information for a specific route.
 Instruct students to calculate and plot their
ship's position at different intervals,
considering the given factors.
 Encourage them to collaborate and discuss
their calculations.
Class Discussion and Review:
 Reconvene as a class to discuss the outcomes
of the hands-on exercise.
 Address common challenges and solutions
encountered during the calculations.
 Emphasize the importance of continuous
updates and adjustments in dead reckoning.

LO6.1 Topic 6 TA: Equipment and Written assessment: Lec.

-Develop proficiency in Introduction to GMT and LMT: Materials:  Include theoretical 3 hrs.
calculating Greenwich GMT, LMT  Explain the concept of GMT as the time at the  Computer and questions that
Mean Time and Local Calculation, and ETA Prime Meridian (0° longitude). Projector assess Lab.
Mean Time. Calculation  Introduce LMT as the time based on the  Whiteboard or understanding of 6 hrs.
observer's position. Chalkboard GMT, LMT, and ETA
-Understand the Understanding Time Zones:  Printed Materials principles.
principles and techniques  Discuss the division of the world into time  Video Clips  Pose questions
behind time calculations zones.  Simulators related to the
for navigation.  Explain the concept of Standard Time and  Online Learning formulas for
how it relates to GMT. Platforms calculating GMT,
-Apply time calculations  Illustrate the relationship between GMT and  Power Point LMT, and ETA, as
to estimate the time of time zones on the world map. Presentation well as
arrival in navigation Calculating GMT:  Nautical charts (paper considerations for
scenarios.  Demonstrate how to calculate GMT based on or electronic) each.

Page 22 of 38
 the observer's longitude.  Compasses
 Discuss the use of the 15° per hour rule for  Parallel rulers Practical Navigation
time zone differences.  Calculators Exercise:
 Practice converting local time to GMT and  World map with time  Conduct a practical
vice versa. zones. navigation exercise
Calculating LMT: where students use
 Explain how to calculate Local Mean Time References and charts and
based on the observer's longitude. Textbooks: instruments to
 Discuss the equation of time and corrections  "The American calculate GMT,
for the observer's meridian. Practical Navigator" LMT, and ETA.
 Practice converting GMT to LMT and vice (Bowditch):  Evaluate their skills
versa.  "Navigation for in applying
Mariners" by R. theoretical
LA: Bowditch Institute of knowledge to real-
Practical Exercise - Time Calculations: Practical Navigation: world scenarios.
 Provide scenarios involving different observer  "Practical Navigation
longitudes and time zone differences. for Officers of the
 Students practice calculating GMT and LMT Watch" by Captain A.
based on the given scenarios. N. Cockcroft:
 Encourage discussions on challenges faced
and solutions found.

TA:
Introduction to Estimated Time of Arrival:
 Explain the concept of Estimated Time of
Arrival (ETA) in navigation.
 Discuss the factors influencing ETA
calculations, including distance, speed, and
course.
Calculating ETA:
 Break down the formula for calculating ETA:
ETA = Departure Time + (Distance / Speed).
 Discuss considerations such as currents,
winds, and waypoints.
 Practice calculating ETA for various
navigation scenarios.

Page 23 of 38
 LA:
Practical Exercise - ETA Calculation:
 Provide navigation charts with distances
between waypoints.
 Assign tasks that involve calculating ETA
based on the given speed and departure
times.
 Discuss the impact of factors like current and
wind on ETA.
Real-World Application:
 Use nautical charts and real-world navigation
scenarios.
 Discuss how GMT, LMT, and ETA calculations
are applied during actual navigation.
 Relate scenarios to common challenges faced
at sea.

LO7.1 Topic 7 TA: Equipment and Written Assessment: Lec.

calculate ship positions Introduction: Materials:  Conduct a written 3 hrs.
using bow and beam Bow and Beam  Start the lesson by reviewing the importance  Computer and exam covering
bearings through bearing of accurate ship positioning for navigation. Projector theoretical aspects, Lab.
triangulation.  Introduce the concept of triangulation and  Whiteboard or calculations, and 6 hrs.
how it is used to determine a ship's position Chalkboard problem-solving
using bow and beam bearings.  Printed Materials related to bow and
 Emphasize the real-world application of  Video Clips beam bearings and
triangulation in navigation.  Simulators triangulation.
Introduction to Triangulation:  Online Learning  Include a mix of
 Define triangulation as the method of Platforms multiple-choice
determining a location by measuring angles  Power Point questions, short-
to it from known points. Presentation answer questions,
 Explain how triangulation is applied in  Nautical charts (paper and practical
navigation to fix the ship's position using or electronic) problems.
bearings.  Compasses
Calculations and Examples:  Rulers Simulation Exercise:
 Calculations and Examples:  Use navigation

Page 24 of 38
  Outline the steps involved in the References and simulation software
triangulation process using bow and Textbooks: to create scenarios
beam bearings.  "Bowditch's American that require
 Emphasize the need for accurate Practical Navigator" students to apply
measurement of angles and proper  “Navigation triangulation
identification of fixed objects on the Workbook 1210 Tr” techniques.
chart.  "The Principles of  Evaluate their
 Calculation Examples: Navigation: Admiralty decision-making
 Provide examples of scenarios where Manual of Navigation process, accuracy in
triangulation is necessary. Vol. 1" measurements, and
 Demonstrate step-by-step calculations the ability to adapt
for determining the ship's position based to changing
on bow and beam bearings through conditions.
triangulation.
Use of Nautical Charts:
 Chartwork:
 Give students nautical charts and ask
them to identify potential fixed objects.
 Guide them in planning a triangulation
exercise on the chart, considering the
ship's current position and intended
course.
 Real-world Applications:
 Discuss real-world situations where
triangulation is commonly used in
navigation, such as entering harbors,
navigating through narrow channels, or
determining position in open waters.

LA:
Practical Exercises:
 Take the students to a navigation simulator
or a location with a clear view of fixed objects
on the shore.
 Have them practice measuring bow and
beam bearings and applying triangulation to

Page 25 of 38
 determine the ship's position.
Review and Feedback:
 Discuss the results of the practical exercises
and address any questions or challenges
students encountered.
 Emphasize the importance of accuracy in
measurements and the need for continuous
practice in developing triangulation skills.
Homework Assignment:
 Assign a homework task that involves
planning a navigation route using
triangulation for a given set of fixed objects
on a nautical chart.

LO8.1 TOPIC 8 TA: Equipment and Written Assessment: Lec.

calculate and apply the Introduction Materials:  Develop exams that 3 hrs.
concepts of Difference of Earth Coordinate  Overview of Navigation:  Computer and include both
Latitude and Difference of System:  Briefly review the importance of Projector theoretical Lab.
Longitude in navigation. Difference of navigation in maritime activities and its  Whiteboard or questions and 6 hrs.
Latitude and relevance in determining a vessel's Chalkboard practical problems
Difference of position.  Printed Materials related to
Longitude  Introduction to Latitude and Longitude:  Video Clips Difference of
Calculation  Provide a quick review of latitude and Latitude and
 Simulators
longitude as coordinates used to specify Difference of
 Online Learning
locations on the Earth's surface. Longitude
Difference of Latitude Calculation: Platforms calculations.
 Explanation of Difference of Latitude:  Power Point  Assess students'
 Define Difference of Latitude as the Presentation knowledge of the
change in degrees of latitude between  Nautical charts (paper formulas, their
two positions. or electronic) understanding of
 Explain that it is measured in nautical  Compasses the factors affecting
miles and is crucial for determining the  Parallel rulers the calculations,
distance traveled north or south.  Scientific calculator. and their ability to
 Formula for Difference of Latitude: apply these
 Introduce the formula: Difference of References and concepts.
Latitude (ΔLat) = Distance (in nautical Textbooks:
 "The Principles of
Page 26 of 38
 miles) / 60. Navigation: Admiralty Practical Exercises:
 Emphasize that 1 degree of latitude is Manual of Navigation  Assign practical
approximately 60 nautical miles. Vol. 1" exercises that
 Practical Examples:  "Navigation: require students to
 Provide examples of scenarios where Principles of calculate the
calculating Difference of Latitude is Positioning and Difference of
necessary. Guidance" Latitude and
 Guide students through the process of  "Bowditch's American Difference of
using the formula to determine the Practical Navigator" Longitude for given
change in latitude. coordinates.
Difference of Longitude Calculation:  Evaluate their
 Explanation of Difference of Longitude: application of
 Define Difference of Longitude as the concepts, accuracy
change in degrees of longitude between in calculations, and
two positions. understanding of
 Explain its significance in determining the the factors
distance traveled east or west. involved.
 Formula for Difference of Longitude:
 Introduce the formula: Difference of
Longitude (ΔLon) = Distance (in nautical
miles) / (60 × Cosine (Latitude)).
 Discuss how latitude affects the
calculation due to the convergence of
meridians towards the poles.
 Practical Examples:
 Provide examples of scenarios where
calculating Difference of Longitude is
necessary.
 Guide students through the process of
using the formula to determine the
change in longitude.
Use of Nautical Charts:
 Chartwork:
 Introduce nautical charts and explain
how to read latitude and longitude
information.

Page 27 of 38
 Show how to identify positions and

calculate the Difference of Latitude and
Difference of Longitude using chart
coordinates.
 Marking Positions on the Chart:
 Demonstrate how to mark two positions
on a chart and calculate the differences in
latitude and longitude.
 Discuss the importance of accurate
chartwork in navigation.

LA:
Practical Exercises:
 Distribute worksheets with practice problems
involving Difference of Latitude and
Difference of Longitude calculations.
 Allow students to work individually or in pairs
to apply the concepts learned.
Interactive Simulation:
 Use navigation simulation software to create
scenarios that require students to calculate
differences in latitude and longitude.
 Monitor their progress and provide guidance
as needed.
Homework Assignment:
 Assign homework that involves planning a
navigation route and calculating differences
in latitude and longitude for a given set of
coordinates.


MIDTERM EXAMINATION Lec.

3 hrs.
Lab.
6 hrs.
LO9.1 Topic 9 TA: Equipment and Written Exams and

Page 28 of 38
 understand and apply the Introduction: Materials: Quizzes:
principles of plane sailing Plane Sailing  Begin by briefly reviewing the concept of  Computer and  Develop exams that Lec.
for basic navigation. plane sailing, emphasizing its assumption of a Projector include a mix of 3 hrs.
flat Earth surface for simplicity in  Whiteboard or theoretical
calculations. Chalkboard questions and Lab.
 Connect plane sailing to basic navigation  Printed Materials practical problem- 6 hrs.
concepts covered in previous lessons.  Video Clips solving scenarios
Introduction to the Plane Sailing Triangle: related to plane
 Simulators
 Introduce the plane sailing triangle as a sailing.
 Online Learning
graphical method for solving navigational  Assess students'
problems. Platforms knowledge of
 Explain that the triangle involves the course,  Power Point concepts, formulas,
distance, and speed, providing a visual Presentation and their ability to
representation of these elements.  Nautical charts (paper apply them in
Deriving the Plane Sailing Formulas: or electronic) navigation
 Explain the Plane sailing triangles formulas.  Compasses problems.
 Explain how to derive formula for Dlat, Dlong.  Parallel rulers
& distance by plane sailing Right triangle.  Scientific calculator. Practical Exercises –
Basic Concepts: Scale Interpretation:
 Components of the Plane Sailing Triangle:  Assign practical
 Break down the components of the plane exercises that
sailing triangle: Course (C), Distance (D), References and require students to
and Speed (S). Textbooks: use the plane
 Explain that each side of the triangle  "The Principles of sailing triangle to
represents one of these components. Navigation: Admiralty solve real-world
 Formulas for Calculation: Manual of Navigation navigation
 Provide the basic formulas associated Vol. 1" problems.
with the plane sailing triangle:  "Navigation:  Evaluate their
 Distance (D) = Speed (S) × Time (T) Principles of application of
 Course (C) = ArcTan (Distance Positioning and concepts, accuracy
between the positions / Distance Guidance" in calculations, and
traveled sideways)  "Bowditch's American understanding of
Calculations and Examples: Practical Navigator" the graphical
 Calculating Distance: representation of
 Demonstrate how to calculate distance the plane sailing
using the formula D = S × T. triangle.

Page 29 of 38
  Provide examples and guide students
through the steps involved in
determining the distance traveled.
 Calculating Course:
 Explain the process of calculating the
course using the inverse tangent function
(ArcTan).
 Use examples to illustrate how to apply
the formula and solve for the course.
 Practical Examples:
 Present real-world scenarios where the
plane sailing triangle can be applied.
 Guide students through solving these
problems step by step.
Use of Nautical Charts:
 Chartwork:
 Introduce nautical charts and explain
how to use them in conjunction with the
plane sailing triangle.
 Show how to mark positions on a chart
and calculate distances and courses.
 Marking a Course on a Chart:
 Demonstrate how to mark a course on a
nautical chart using the principles of
plane sailing.
 Discuss how to account for magnetic
variation if needed.

LA:
Practical Exercise:
 Distribute worksheets with practice problems
involving the plane sailing triangle.
 Allow students to work individually or in pairs
to apply the concepts learned.
Interactive Simulation:
 Utilize navigation simulation software to

Page 30 of 38
 create interactive scenarios for students to
practice solving problems using the plane
sailing triangle.
 Monitor their progress and provide guidance
as needed.
Homework Assignment:
 Assign homework that involves planning a
short navigation route using plane sailing
principles.

LO10.1 Topic 10 TA: Equipment and Written Assessment: Lec.

understand and apply Introduction: Materials:  Develop written 3 hrs.
parallel sailing Parallel Sailing  Overview of Parallel Sailing:  Computer and exams that include
calculations in navigation.  Provide an overview of parallel sailing, Projector theoretical Lab.
explaining that it involves navigating  Whiteboard or questions and 6 hrs.
along a constant latitude line to maintain Chalkboard practical problems
a specific course.  Printed Materials related to parallel
 Importance of Parallel Sailing:  Video Clips sailing.
 Discuss scenarios where parallel sailing is  Assess students'
 Simulators
useful, such as maintaining a course knowledge of the
 Online Learning
along a coast or transiting through a formulas, their
navigational channel. Platforms understanding of
Basic Concepts:  Power Point the factors affecting
 Latitude and Longitude Review: Presentation calculations, and
 Briefly review the concepts of latitude  Nautical charts (paper their ability to apply
and longitude. or electronic) these concepts.
 Emphasize the role of latitude in parallel  Compasses
sailing.  Parallel rulers Practical Exercises:
 Parallel Sailing Components:  Scientific calculator.  Assign practical
 Introduce the key components of parallel exercises that
sailing, including the initial course, the require students to
distance traveled, and any changes in calculate distances
course. References and traveled and adjust
Calculations and Examples: Textbooks: courses for parallel
 Calculating Distance Traveled:  "The Principles of sailing.
 Explain how to calculate the distance Navigation: Admiralty  Evaluate their
Manual of Navigation
Page 31 of 38
 traveled along a parallel using the Vol. 1" application of
formula: Distance = Speed × Time.  "Navigation: concepts, accuracy
 Provide examples and guide students Principles of in calculations, and
through the calculations. Positioning and understanding of
 Course Changes: Guidance" the factors
 Discuss how to calculate the new course  "Bowditch's American involved.
after a change in direction. Practical Navigator"
 Illustrate with examples and address
factors such as magnetic variation.
 Practical Examples:
 Provide real-world scenarios where
parallel sailing is applicable.
 Guide students through the process of
planning a parallel course and making
adjustments.
Use of Nautical Charts:
 Chartwork:
 Introduce nautical charts and explain
how to use them for parallel sailing.
 Demonstrate how to plot a parallel
course on a chart.
 Marking Positions on the Chart:
 Show how to mark positions on a chart,
calculate distances, and adjust courses.
 Emphasize the importance of accurate
chartwork in parallel sailing.

LA:
Practical Exercises:
 Distribute worksheets with practice problems
involving parallel sailing calculations.
 Allow students to work individually or in pairs
to apply the concepts learned.
Review and Feedback:
 Review the answers to the practical exercises
and discuss any challenges or questions that

Page 32 of 38
 arose.
 Provide constructive feedback on
calculations, chartwork, and problem-solving.

LO11.1 Topic 11 TA: Equipment and Written Assessment Lec.

understand and apply Introduction: Materials:  Design an exam 3 hrs.
middle latitude sailing Mid-Latitude  Start with a brief discussion about the  Computer and with a mix of
calculations to determine Sailing Calculation importance of navigation in sailing and its Projector theoretical Lab.
their position and make impact on a successful voyage.  Whiteboard or questions and 6 hrs.
informed navigational Discussion on Latitude and Longitude: Chalkboard problem-solving
decisions.  Review the concepts of latitude and  Printed Materials exercises related to
longitude, emphasizing their significance in  Video Clips middle latitude
navigation. sailing calculations.
 Simulators
 Relate latitude and longitude to locating  Include questions
 Online Learning
positions on a nautical chart on course to steer,
Theory: Platforms estimated position,
Introduction to Middle Latitude Sailing:  Power Point set and drift
 Define middle latitude sailing and explain Presentation calculations, and
why it is relevant for sailors.  Nautical charts (paper practical scenarios.
 Discuss the challenges and considerations or electronic)
when navigating in middle latitudes.  Compasses Practical Exercise:
Key Formulas:  Parallel rulers  Assign practical
 Introduce essential formulas such as course  Scientific calculator. exercises where
to steer, estimated position, and set and drift students must apply
calculations. middle latitude
 Use visual aids and examples to illustrate sailing calculations
each formula. References and to real or simulated
 Textbooks: scenarios.
LA:  "The Principles of  Evaluate their
Practical Exercise: Navigation: Admiralty accuracy in using
 Distribute nautical charts to students and Manual of Navigation navigational tools
provide them with navigational tools. Vol. 1" and making
 Demonstrate how to use the tools to  "Navigation: informed decisions
measure distances, calculate courses, and based on the
Principles of
estimate positions. calculations.
Positioning and
Worksheet Practice:

Page 33 of 38
  Hand out worksheets with practice problems Guidance"
covering various middle latitude sailing  "Bowditch's American
calculations. Practical Navigator"
 Walk through the solutions together,
addressing any questions.
Group Navigation Challenge:
 Divide students into small groups and present
them with a simulated navigational
challenge.
 Each group must collaborate to calculate the
course, estimate the position, and account
for set and drift.
Group Presentations:
 Have each group present their navigation
solutions, explaining their reasoning and
calculations.
 Encourage discussions and questions from
other groups.

LO12.1 Topic 12 TA: Equipment and Written Examinations:

understand Mercator Introduction: Materials:  Design an exam
sailing calculations and Mercator Sailing  Begin with a brief discussion on the  Computer and with questions that Lec.
apply them in navigation significance of accurate navigation in sailing. Projector assess theoretical 3 hrs.
to determine courses and  Connect the lesson to real-world scenarios  Whiteboard or understanding of
distances accurately. where Mercator sailing calculations are Chalkboard Mercator sailing, Lab.
applied.  Printed Materials including distance 6 hrs.
Recap Previous Knowledge:  Video Clips calculations and
 Review the basics of latitude, longitude, and course plotting.
 Simulators
navigation to ensure students have a  Include scenarios
 Online Learning
foundation for understanding Mercator that require
sailing. Platforms students to apply
Theory:  Power Point Mercator
Introduction to Mercator Projection: Presentation projections to solve
 Explain the Mercator projection and its  Nautical charts (paper navigational
characteristics, emphasizing the preservation or electronic) problems.
of angles and straight lines.  Compasses

Page 34 of 38
  Discuss the distortion of size at higher  Parallel rulers Practical Exercises:
latitudes.  Scientific calculator  Assign practical
Key Formulas for Mercator Sailing:  Mercator Chart exercises where
 Introduce the key formulas for Mercator students use
sailing, including distance calculation and navigational tools
course plotting. and Mercator
 Use visual aids and examples to illustrate References and charts to measure
how the Mercator projection affects these Textbooks: distances and plot
calculations.  "The Principles of courses.
Navigation: Admiralty  Evaluate their
LA: Manual of Navigation accuracy in applying
Practical Exercises: Vol. 1" Mercator sailing
 Distribute nautical charts and navigational  "Navigation: calculations.
tools to students.
Principles of
 Demonstrate how to use navigational tools
Positioning and
for distance measurement and course
plotting on a Mercator chart. Guidance"
Worksheet Practice:  "Bowditch's American
 Hand out worksheets with practice problems Practical Navigator"
related to Mercator sailing calculations.
 Guide students through solving these
problems, emphasizing the steps involved.
Group Activity:
 Divide students into small groups and present
them with a navigational challenge using a
Mercator chart.
 Each group must collaboratively calculate
distances and courses based on the given
scenario.
Group Presentations:
 Have each group present their navigational
solutions, explaining their calculations and
the reasoning behind their chosen courses.

LO13.1 Topic 13 TA: Equipment and Written Assessment: Lec.

understand great circle Introduction: Materials:  Design an exam 6 hrs.

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 sailing principles, learn Great Circle Sailing  Begin with a brief discussion on the  Computer and with questions that
how to calculate significance of great circle routes in Projector assess theoretical Lab.
distances and courses on navigation and their use in long-distance  Whiteboard or understanding of 12 hrs.
a great circle route, and sailing. Chalkboard great circle sailing,
apply these concepts in  Connect the lesson to real-world scenarios  Printed Materials including distance
navigation. where great circle sailing calculations are  Video Clips calculations and
applied. initial course
 Simulators
Recap Previous Knowledge: plotting.
 Online Learning
 Review the basics of latitude, longitude, and  Include scenarios
navigation to ensure students have a Platforms that require
foundation for understanding great circle  Power Point students to apply
sailing. Presentation great circle
Theory:  Nautical charts (paper formulas to solve
Introduction to Great Circle Routes: or electronic) navigational
 Explain the concept of great circle routes and  Compasses problems.
why they are the shortest distance between  Parallel rulers
two points on the Earth's surface.  Scientific calculator Practical Exercises:
 Discuss the unique properties of great circles,  Assign practical
such as their curvature. References and exercises where
Key Formulas for Great Circle Sailing: Textbooks: students use
 Introduce key formulas for great circle sailing,  "The Principles of navigational tools
including the haversine formula for distance Navigation: Admiralty and charts to
and the initial course formula. Manual of Navigation calculate great
 Use visual aids and examples to illustrate Vol. 1" circle distances and
how these formulas are applied.  "Navigation: initial courses.
Principles of  Evaluate their
LA: Positioning and accuracy in applying
Practical Exercises: Guidance" great circle sailing
 Distribute nautical charts and navigational calculations.
 "Bowditch's American
tools to students.
Practical Navigator"
 Demonstrate how to use navigational tools
for great circle distance calculations and
initial course plotting.
Worksheet Practice:
 Hand out worksheets with practice problems
related to great circle sailing calculations.

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  Guide students through solving these
problems, emphasizing the steps involved.
Group Activity:
 Divide students into small groups and present
them with a navigational challenge using a
great circle route.
 Each group must collaboratively calculate
distances and initial courses based on the
given scenario.
Group Presentations:
 Have each group present their navigational
solutions, explaining their calculations and
the reasoning behind their chosen routes.

LO14.1 TOPIC 14 TA: Equipment and Integrated Project: Lec.

understand and apply Introduction: Materials:  Assign an 6 hrs.
composite sailing Composite Sailing  Begin with a brief discussion on the  Computer and integrated project
calculations by integrating importance of navigation in sailing. Projector where students Lab.
different navigation  Emphasize the significance of integrating  Whiteboard or plan a complete 12 hrs.
methods to determine various navigation techniques to optimize Chalkboard voyage using
courses and distances course planning.  Printed Materials composite sailing
accurately. Recap Previous Knowledge:  Video Clips calculations.
 Review the basics of latitude, longitude, and  Assess their ability
 Simulators
navigation, as well as the individual concepts to apply different
 Online Learning
of middle latitude, Mercator, and great circle navigation methods
sailing. Platforms cohesively in solving
Theory:  Power Point a comprehensive
Overview of Composite Sailing: Presentation navigational
 Explain the concept of composite sailing and  Nautical charts (paper challenge.
how it involves combining different or electronic)
navigation methods to enhance accuracy.  Compasses Practical Exercise:
 Discuss scenarios where composite sailing is  Parallel rulers  Conduct a practical
particularly useful.  Scientific calculator navigation exercise
Key Concepts of Each Method: where students
 Briefly review the key concepts and formulas References and must navigate a
of middle latitude sailing, Mercator sailing, Textbooks: simulated course
 "The Principles of
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 and great circle sailing to ensure students Navigation: Admiralty using composite
have a solid foundation. Manual of Navigation sailing calculations.
Vol. 1"  Evaluate their
LA:  "Navigation: accuracy in applying
Practical Exercises: Principles of different methods
 Distribute nautical charts and navigational Positioning and and making
tools to students. informed
Guidance"
 Guide them through practical exercises that navigational
 "Bowditch's American
require integrating different sailing methods decisions.
to solve navigational challenges. Practical Navigator"
Worksheet Practice:
 Hand out worksheets with composite sailing
problems.
 Encourage students to collaborate and apply
their understanding of each navigation
method to find comprehensive solutions.
Group Activity:
 Divide students into small groups and present
them with a composite sailing challenge
involving various navigational scenarios.
 Each group must collaboratively plan a
composite sailing route, considering different
methods.
Group Presentations:
 Have each group present their composite
sailing solutions, explaining the integration of
different navigation methods and the
reasoning behind their choices.

Lec.
3 hrs.
Final Examination Lab.
6 hrs.
Total hours 162 hrs.

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