Republic of the Philippines

ZAMBOANGA STATE COLLEGE OF MARINE SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

Fort Pilar, Zamboanga City
Tel No: (062) 991-0643 Telefax (062) 991-0777 ZSCMST – CME – 3.2-6
website: http/www.zscmst.edu.ph ADOPTED Date: 5-2011
Revision Status: 2
Revision Date: 2-2022
COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MARINE TRANSPORTATION

COURSE SYLLABUS
IN NAV 1
NAVIGATION INSTRUMENTS WITH COMPASSES
PREPARED BY: VALIDATED BY:
Committee on Curriculum Review
Attested by: DR. CONSORCIA P. ABILA

Director, Quality Assurance Office

PROF. LORENA G. TAN____________
Head, Curriculum Development Office
Recommending
Approval by:
C/E CHRISTALYN DR. CHIONG
CAPT. EDMUNDO P.
Dean, College of Maritime Education
LAURENTE
Faculty CAPT. EDMUNDO P. LAURENTE____
BS Marine Transportation Program Approved by: JAIME G. JALON, Ph.D.
Chair College President
Date: Sept 2023 Date: Sept 2023 Date: Sept 2023

Page 1 of 36
 COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION

VISION: A world-class institution for higher learning, research, development and innovation in fisheries, marine sciences, maritime education, and technology
by 2024.
MISSION: Provide quality education and relevant research and extension to produce globally competitive human capital for fisheries and marine-based
industries.
CORE VALUES: Commitment Attitude Relationship Excellence
INSTITUTIONAL OUTCOMES:
Graduates who are conscious of their professional responsibility and of their vocational and technological competence for global competitiveness.

PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES:

The Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation (BSMT) program aims to:
a) Provide and equip students with knowledge, understanding, proficiencies, skills, competences, attitudes and values to qualify and prepare them for assessment and
certification as officer-in-Charge of a Navigational Watch (OICNW) a seagoing ship of 500 gross tonnage or more; and
b) Produce graduates who are qualified to pursue a professional career or advanced studies in a related maritime field of specialization.

PROGRAM OUTCOMES:
The graduates of the BSMT program shall have acquired the knowledge and competencies necessary to perform the following:
1) Engage in lifelong learning and understanding of the need to keep abreast of the developments in maritime practice;
2) Work independently and in multidisciplinary and multicultural things
3) Act in recognition and practice of professional, social, and ethical accountability and responsibility;
4) Preserve and promote “Filipino Historical and Cultural Heritage”
5) Apply knowledge in mathematics, sciences and technology in solving problems related to the profession and the workplace.
6) Evaluate the impact and implications of various contemporary issues in the global and social context of the profession.
7) Use appropriate techniques, skills and modern tools in the practice of the profession in order to remain globally competitive.
8) Contribute to the existing body of knowledge through research or other forms of creative discourse and innovative works.
9) Demonstrate the competence to perform the functions pertaining to navigation, cargo handling and stowage, controlling the operation of the ship and care for
persons on board under Table A-II/1 and acquire some knowledge and understanding under Table A-ll/2 of the STCW Code that are covered by this program
under Annex Al.
10) Demonstrate the competence to perform the functions pertaining to marine engineering, electrical, electronic and control engineering, maintenance and repair
and controlling the operation of the ship and care for persons on board under Table A-III/1, and acquire some knowledge and understanding under Table A-III/2
of the STCW Code that are covered by this program under Annex A2.
11) Demonstrate service orientation in one's profession
12) Demonstrate ability to engage in various types of employment, development activities, and public discourses, particularly in response to the needs of the
community one serves*
13) Demonstrate support "national, regional and local development plans" of the country through participation in the generation of new knowledge or in research
and development projects, especially those from state universities and colleges*

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 REVISION HISTORY

NO. DATE REVISION

1 October 30, 2013 First year Course Specification, Syllabi, Instructor’s Guide in BSMT and BSMAR E

2 May 5, 2014 Second year Course Specification, Syllabi, Instructor’s Guide in BSMT and BSMAR E

3 July 14, 2014 Third year Course Specification, Syllabi, Instructor’s Guide in BSMT and BSMAR E

4 December 4, 2014 First, Second, and Third year Course Specification, Syllabi, Instructor’s Guide in BSMT and BSMAR E

5 May 28, 2015 First, Second, and Third year Course Specification, Syllabi, Instructor’s Guide in BSMT and BSMAR E

6 Dec 2017 From CMO 20 s 2015 to CMO 67 s 2017

7 JUNE 2020 From CMO 20 s 2015 to CMO 67 s 2017 AND PAMI GUIDE

8 February, 2022 2nd Semester Revised based on CMO 67 Series of 2017

9 June 2023 JCMMC 01, 2023

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 Part A: Course Specification
Course Code : NAV 1
Course
: Navigational Instruments with Compasses
Descriptive Title
Prerequisite : None Corequisite : None
Year Level : First Year Semester offered : First Semester
: Theoretical Contact Hours Per Demonstration/Practical
Course Credits 4 units : 3 hours : 3 hours
Week Work Hours per Week
STCW Table Function Competence Knowledge, Understanding and Proficiency
Electronic systems of position fixing and navigation

KUP4. Ability to determine the ship's position by use of

electronic navigational aids. Echo-sounders

Echo-sounders

Cl. Plan and conduct a KUP5. Ability to operate the equipment and apply the
F1. Navigation at the
A-II/1 passage and determine information correctly. Compass — Magnetic and Gyro
operational level
position
Compass — Magnetic and Gyr

STCW Reference KUP6. Knowledge of the principles of magnetic and

gyro-compasses
KUP7.2 Ability to determine errors of the magnetic and
gyro-compasses, using terrestrial means, and to allow for
such errors
KUP1. Ability to determine and allow for errors of the
magnetic and gyro-compasses

KUP2. Knowledge of the principles of magnetic and gyro-

Fl. Navigation at the C3. Determine and allow for compass
A-II/2 compasses
management level errors.
KUP3. An understanding of systems under the control of
the master gyro and a knowledge of the operation and
care of the main types of gyrocompasses.

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 A-II/1 Fl. C1.
KUP4.
A-II/1 Fl. C1. C01. Operate specific electronic navigational equipment (e.g. GPS) used in obtaining and monitoring ship's position and under-
KUP5 keel clearance for safe navigation.
A-II/1 Fl. C1.
KUP6
A-il/1
Course Fl. Cl. KUP6
Outcome(s) A-il/1
Fl. C1.KUP
A-I1/2
F2.C3.KUP1
CO2. Interpret ocean current systems using various charts, nautical publications, and calculations on tidal conditions to
A-11/2
maintain the safety of navigation.
F2. C3.KUP2
A-I1/2
F2. C3.KUP3
Course Intake
The number of students that can be accommodated shall not exceed 40 for lecture and 20 for laboratory
Limitations

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 Part B: Course Outline and Timetable
Term Week Topic Time Allotment (in hours)
Theoretical Demonstration/Practical Work
1. Introduction Navigation:
1.1 Understand the basic principles of
1 navigation, basic map reading and 3 3
compass skills.

2. Global Navigation Satellite Systems

(GNSS, GPS):
2.1 understand the principles of GNSS,
2 operate GNSS equipment onboard a ship, 3 3
and apply GNSS technology to enhance
navigation accuracy and safety.

3. Introduction to Automatic Identification

System (AIS) in Maritime Navigation:
3.1 Demonstrate a comprehensive
understanding of the principles,
3 components, and applications of AIS 3 3
technology, proficiently interpreting AIS
data for enhanced maritime navigation,
collision avoidance, and compliance with
MID- international regulations.
TERM 4. Electronic Chart Display and Information
Systems (ECDIS) in Maritime Navigation
4.1 understand the principles of Electronic
4 Chart Display and Information Systems 3 3
(ECDIS), operate ECDIS equipment
proficiently, and apply it effectively in
maritime navigation.
5. Echo Sounder Principles:
5 5.1 understand the echo sounder principles 3 3
and practical expertise in operating echo
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 sounder
6. RADAR:
6.1 understanding of RADAR systems,
6 including their principles, components, 3 3
operation, and interpretation of RADAR
displays.
7. Foundations of Compass Navigation:
7.1 understand the basics of compass
7-8 navigation, including how to use a 6 6
compass, read a map, and navigate using
cardinal directions.

9 MIDTERM EXAMINATION 3 3

8. Practical Compass Reading Techniques:

8.1 determine and practice practical
10 compass reading techniques, including 3 3
taking bearings, following a bearing, and
orienting a map with a compass.
9. The Principles of Magnetic and Gyro-
Compasses:
9.1 demonstrate a comprehensive
understanding of the fundamental
11 3 3
principles governing magnetic and gyro-
compasses, including the influences of
Earth's magnetic field and gyroscopic
principles.
12 10. Understanding and Correcting Compass 3 3
Errors:
10.1 -demonstrate a comprehensive
understanding of the fundamental
principles of compass navigation.
10.2 explain the factors that can cause

Page 7 of 36
 compass errors, such as magnetic deviation
and variation.
Final 11. Compass calculations:
11.1 compute all compass calculations,
including converting true course to
13 3 3
magnetic course, adjusting for variation
and deviation, and determining the
compass course.
12. Compass Error Calculation:
12.1 calculate compass error based on
given magnetic deviation and variation
14 values. 3 3
12.2 demonstrate the ability to convert
between true and magnetic headings
accurately.
13. Dead Reckoning:
13.1 understand and apply the principles of
15 3 3
dead reckoning to estimate their position
during navigation.
14. Navigational Techniques:
13.1 Understand the key navigational
16 - 17 techniques, and demonstrate the 6 6
application of navigational techniques in
real-world scenarios.
18 Final Examination 3 3
Sub-total (Contact Hours) 54 54
Total Contact Hours 108 hrs.

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 ZAMBOANGA STATE COLLEGE OF MARINE SCIENCES COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION Document Name : Part C.
Detailed Teaching Syllabus
AND TECHNOLOGY Document No. :
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MARINE
TRANSPORTATION CONTROLLED

PART C: DETAILED TEACHING SYLLABUS

Course Code / Descriptive Title : Nav 1 - Navigational Instruments with Compasses
STCW' Competence: A-II/1 F1.C1: Plan and conduct a passage and determine position
Credit Units: 4 units Lecture Hour(s): 3 hours Laboratory Hour(s): 3 hours Pre-requisite(s): None
Course Description:
This course, aligned with STCW conventions, offers a meticulous exploration of Navigational Instruments with Compasses. Delve into theoretical foundations and practical
applications, ensuring maritime professionals attain proficiency in precision navigation, chart interpretation, and adherence to STCW standards for safe and effective
seafaring."
Course Outcomes:
At the end the course, students should be able to:
C01. Operate specific electronic navigational equipment (e.g., GPS) used in obtaining and monitoring ship's position and under-keel clearance for
safe navigation.
Prepared By: Reviewed/Validated By:
DR. CONSORCIA P. ABILA
Committee on Curriculum Review Attested by:
Director, Quality Assurance Office

Recommending Approval
PROF. LORENA G. TAN by: C/E CHRISTALYN DR. CHIONG
Capt. Edmundo P. Laurente Head, Curriculum Development Office Dean, College of Maritime Education
Faculty

CAPT. EDMUNDO P. LAURENTE Approved by: JAIME G. JALON, Ph.D.

BS Marine Transportation Program Chair College President
I. Course Information
Document Part 1: Detailed Teaching Syllabus
Course Code NAV-1
Course Descriptive Title Navigational Instruments with Compasses

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 4 units LECTURE 3 hours LABORATORY 3 hours
CONTACT CONTACT
Course Credit & Hours HOURS PER
WEEK HOURS PER WEEK

Description and Coverage This course offers a comprehensive exploration of Navigational Instruments with a specific focus on compasses, providing
maritime professionals with the knowledge and practical skills necessary for accurate and secure navigation. Aligned with the
Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) conventions, the program delves into the principles,
operation, and application of compasses in the maritime environment.
Coverage:
1. Introduction of Navigation:
1.1 Understand the basic principles of navigation, basic map reading and compass skills.
2. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS, GPS):
2.1 Understand the principles of GNSS, operate GNSS equipment onboard a ship, and apply GNSS technology to
enhance navigation accuracy and safety
3. Introduction to Automatic Identification System (AIS) in Maritime Navigation:
3.1 Demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the principles, components, and applications of AIS technology,
proficiently interpreting AIS data for enhanced maritime navigation, collision avoidance, and compliance with
international regulations.
4 Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS) in Maritime Navigation.
4.1 understand the principles of Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS), operate ECDIS equipment
proficiently, and apply it effectively in maritime navigation.
5. Echo Sounder Principles:
5.1 understand the echo sounder principles and practical expertise in operating echo sounder.
6. RADAR:
6.1 understanding of RADAR systems, including their principles, components, operation, and interpretation of RADAR
displays.
7. Foundations of Compass Navigation:
7.1 understand the basics of compass navigation, including how to use a compass, read a map, and navigate using
cardinal
directions.
8. Practical Compass Reading Techniques:
8.1 determine and practice practical compass reading techniques, including taking bearings, following a bearing, and
orienting a map with a compass.
9. The Principles of Magnetic and Gyro-Compasses:
9.1 demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles governing magnetic and gyro-
compasses,
including the influences of Earth's magnetic field and gyroscopic principles.
10. Understanding and Correcting Compass Errors:
Page 10 of 36
 10.1 demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles of compass navigation.
10.2 explain the factors that can cause compass errors, such as magnetic deviation and variation.
11. Compass calculations:
11.1 compute all compass calculations, including converting true course to magnetic course, adjusting for variation and
deviation, and determining the compass course.
12. Compass Error Calculation:
12.1 calculate compass error based on given magnetic deviation and variation values.
12.2 demonstrate the ability to convert between true and magnetic headings accurately.
13. Dead Reckoning:
13.1 understand and apply the principles of dead reckoning to estimate their position during navigation.
14. Navigational Techniques:
13.1 Understand the key navigational techniques, and demonstrate the application of navigational techniques in real-
world scenarios.
Program Outcomes Addressed A graduate of BSMT should be able to:
a) explain the basic principles behind the operation of a magnetic compass, including the concept of magnetic
north, deviation, and variation.
b) capable of accurately reading and interpreting compass headings, taking into account any deviation and
variation.
c) know how to apply corrections for deviation and variation to obtain true bearings for navigation purposes.
d) integrate compass readings with navigational charts to determine courses, bearings, and positions accurately.
e) understand and apply dead reckoning techniques, incorporating compass readings to estimate a vessel's
position based on the known course and speed.
f) aware of the limitations of magnetic compasses, including the effects of nearby magnetic influences and the
potential for anomalies.
g) know the appropriate emergency procedures to follow in the event of a compass failure, including alternative
means of navigation.
h) integrate compass information with electronic navigational aids, such as GPS, radar, and electronic chart
display systems.
i) understand their responsibilities for watchkeeping, including regular checks and maintenance of navigational
instruments, with a focus on compasses.

A-II/1 F1.C1: Plan and conduct a passage and determine position

STCW Competence
A-II/1 F2. C3. Determine and allow for compass errors
STCW KUP A-II/1 F1.C3. KUP4. Ability to determine the ship's position by use of electronic navigational aids. Echo-sounders
A-II/1 F1.C3. KUP5. Ability to operate the equipment and apply the information correctly. Compass — Magnetic and Gyro
A-II/1 F1.C3. KUP6. Knowledge of the principles of magnetic and gyro-compasses
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 A-II/1 F1.C3. KUP7 Ability to determine errors of the magnetic and gyro-compasses, using terrestrial means, and to allow for
such errors
A-II/2 F1.C3. KUP1. Ability to determine and allow for errors of the magnetic and gyro-compasses
A-II/2 F1.C3. KUP2. Knowledge of the principles of magnetic and gyro-compasses
A-II/2 F1.C1. KUP3. An understanding of systems under the control of the master gyro and a knowledge of the operation and
care of the main types of gyro-compass.
CO1: Operate specific electronic navigational equipment (e.g., GPS) used in obtaining and monitoring ship's position and under-
Course Outcomes keel clearance for safe navigation.
CO2: Determine the true course/bearing with the use of the magnetic and gyro compass
References 1.Table A-II/1 Function 1: Navigation at the Operational Level
2.CMO No. 67, series of 2017: Revised PSG for BS Marine Transportation and BS Marine Engineering Programs
Instructional Materials Handouts  Whiteboard or Chalkboard
 Printed Materials
 Video Clips
 Simulators
 Online Learning Platforms
 Magnetic compasses
 Gyro-compasses
 Sextant
 GPS
 Compasses
 Terrestrial landmarks (images or physical outdoor space)
 Nautical charts
 Protractors and parallel rulers
 calculators

Videos Online Learning Platforms

Facility & Equipment CMO 67, S. 2017, Section 13.2
Teaching and Learning Activities
Assessment 100% of all outcome assessment
Course Outcome (summative) via authentic assessment
Formative as appropriate
Resit Failure in formative assessment: no resit.
Failure in summative: 2 resit allowed, 1 with remediation & 1 without remediation
Failing the resit means failing the course
Grading CMO No. 2023 stipulates how a student maybe rated. Thus, the College of Maritime
Education adopted the following grading scheme course with Lecture & Laboratory:
Page 12 of 36
 A. Theoretical grade (for courses with no laboratory) Formative assessment (weight value of the grade is 40%)
 short examination or exercises/activities
 Oral examinations
 Research works
 Outputs such as project, portfolio
Summative assessment (weight value of the grade is 60%)
 Major examination of course outcome
 Technical Report
 Other outputs /outcomes
B. Laboratory grade (for courses with no lecture component) Formative assessment (40%)
 Exercises / drills
 Scientific or Technical Experiments
Summative assessment (60%)
 Practical Test for demonstration of competence
 Projects
C. Combined theoretical and laboratory grades (for courses with lecture and laboratory components)
Lecture grade Formative assessment (40%)
 Short examination or exercises/ activities
 Oral examinations
 Research works
 Outputs such as project, portfolio, and others
Summative assessment (60%)
 Major examination of course outcome
 Technical Report
 Other outputs / outcomes
Laboratory grade
Formative assessment (40%)
 Exercises / drills
 Scientific or Technical Experiments
Summative assessment (60%)
 Practical Test for demonstration of competence Projects
Assignments and Deadlines Students may be given advance reading and/or assignment, i.e., class will start with formative assessment either via quizzes
or recitation. Deadline of assignment submission will be announced as appropriate.
Paper Submission specifications Essay must be submitted in A4 size bond paper. Font Calibri 12 Double space
Semester offered Second Semester
Instructor Name
Instructor Office CME Building

Page 13 of 36
 Instructor's Availability for
Consultation
Contact Information Phone / Email
Class Schedule
Class Venue CME Building
Ground Rules -No cellphone
-If you wish to speak, raise your hand to be recognized
-Once students are seated, no exchange of seat
-Students who intend to go to the head will silently egress and ingress
-Calculator may or may not be allowed
Attendance Policy -Absences equivalent to 20% of contact hours will automatically drop the student from the course
-Classroom door will be lock 15 minutes after class starts, late students after academic quarter will be considered absent
Holiday Policy Any class schedule that was cancelled due to holiday or similar circumstances means that the class calendar will be
automatically extended to replace loss time, unless all (100%) students have already attained the outcomes.
Class Participation -Students are expected to be ready when attending the class, learners are randomly called to Recite or solve problems .
-Ask any question within the domain
-Students may answer questions using any formula or procedures that to get at a correct answer

Prepared By: Reviewed/Validated By:

Committee on Curriculum Review Attested by: DR. CONSORCIA P. ABILA

Director, Quality Assurance Office
Capt. Edmundo P. Laurente
Faculty PROF. LORENA G. TAN Recommending Approval
Head, Curriculum Development Office by: C/E CHRISTALYN DR. CHIONG
Dean, College of Maritime Education

CAPT. EDMUNDO P. LAURENTE

BS Marine Transportation Program Chair Approved by: JAIME G. JALON, Ph.D.
College President

II. TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Learning Outcomes Topic Teaching-Learning Activity (TLA) Equipment, materials Assessment Indicative

Page 14 of 36
 and references Hrs.
Competence/s:
A-II/1 F1.C1: Plan and conduct a passage and determine position
A-II/2 F1.C3: Determine ad allow for compass errors
Performance Assessment:
"Conducting a comprehensive performance
C01. Operate specific electronic navigational equipment (e.g., GPS) used in obtaining and monitoring assessment in the course on Navigational
ship's position and under-keel clearance for safe navigation. Instruments with Compasses, scrutinizing both
instructional delivery and student proficiency to
CO2. Determine the true course/bearing with the use of the magnetic and gyro compass ensure a holistic evaluation of theoretical
understanding, practical application, and adherence
to safety protocols in navigating with precision."
KUP
A-II/1 F1.C1: KUP4. Ability to determine the ship's position by use of electronic navigational aids. Echo-sounders
KUP5. Ability to operate the equipment and apply the information correctly. Compass — Magnetic and Gyro
KUP6. Knowledge of the principles of magnetic and gyro-compasses
KUP7.2 Ability to determine errors of the magnetic and gyro-compasses, using terrestrial means, and to allow for such errors
A-II/2 F1.C3: KUP1. Ability to determine and allow for errors of the magnetic and gyro-compasses
KUP2. Knowledge of the principles of magnetic and gyro-compasses
KUP3. An understanding of systems under the control of the master gyro and a knowledge of the operation and care of the main types of gyrocompasses.

At the end of this TOPIC 1 TA: Equipment and Written Assessment: Lec
learning outcomes, Introduction: Materials:  Include multiple- 3 hrs.
students should be able Introduction to  Start with a brief discussion on the  Whiteboard or choice questions,
to… Navigation importance of navigation in daily life, Chalkboard true/false Lab
LO1.1 historical exploration, and various  Printed Materials statements, and 3 hrs.
Understand the basic professions.  Video Clips short-answer
principles of navigation,  Discuss key terms: navigation, cardinal  Simulators questions that
basic map reading and directions, latitude, longitude, bearings, etc.  Online Learning assess theoretical
compass skills. Understanding Maps: knowledge of
Platforms
 Types of Maps: navigation
 Magnetic compass
 Show different types of maps (road maps, principles, map
topographic maps, nautical charts).  Nautical charts or reading, and
 Discuss the purpose and features of each Electronic Chart compass use.
type. Display and
 Map Reading: Information System Map Reading Exercise:
 Teach basic map-reading skills (legend, (ECDIS) specific to the  Provide students
scale, symbols). ship. with a map and ask

Page 15 of 36
  Conduct a hands-on activity where  Computers or tablets them to identify
students identify features on a map. for each participant specific features,
or small groups. calculate distances,
LA:  Projector and screen or plan a route.
Practical Navigation: for presentations.
 Divide students into small groups.
 Provide each group with a map and compass. Textbooks and
 Set up an orienteering course with specific References:
checkpoints.  "The Complete Idiot's
 Have groups navigate the course using their Guide to Navigation"
map and compass skills. by Nigel Calder:
Debrief:  "The Essential
 Discuss the challenges faced during the Wilderness
orienteering activity. Navigator: How to
 Reinforce key navigation concepts learned Find Your Way in the
during the lesson. Great Outdoors" by
David Seidman:
 "Map Reading and
Land Navigation: FM
3-25.26" (U.S. Army
Field Manual):

LO 2: 1 TA Equipment and Written Assessments: Lec

understand the principles Topic 2 Introduction: Materials:  Assess student’s 3 hrs.
of GNSS, operate GNSS  Brief overview of the importance of accurate  Whiteboard or understanding of
equipment onboard a navigation for maritime safety. Chalkboard the principles of Lab
ship, and apply GNSS Global Navigation  Introduction to GNSS and its role in modern  Printed Materials GNSS, including 3 hrs.
technology to enhance Satellite Systems maritime navigation.  Video Clips satellite orbits,
navigation accuracy and (GNSS, GPS)  Overview of the specific GNSS systems used  Simulators signals, and basic
safety. in marine applications (e.g., GPS, GLONASS,  Online Learning concepts by
Galileo). Multiple-choice
Platforms
Basics of GNSS: questions, short
 GNSS equipment
 Explanation of how GNSS works, including answer questions,
suitable for marine
the concept of satellites, signals, and or essays.
navigation.
receivers.
 Nautical charts or
 Discussion on the advantages and limitations Practical Navigation
Electronic Chart
of GNSS technology. Exercise:
Display and
Page 16 of 36
  Importance of GNSS in ship navigation for Information System  Hands-on
position fixing and route planning. (ECDIS) specific to the application of GNSS
Familiarization with GNSS Equipment: ship. skills in a simulated.
 Hands-on session with GNSS equipment.  Computers or tablets  Students navigate a
 Explanation of the key features of the for each participant course using GNSS
equipment, including interface navigation or small groups. equipment,
functions.  Projector and screen demonstrating their
 Practice sessions on setting waypoints, for presentations. ability to set
plotting routes, and checking satellite signals. waypoints, plot
Nautical Charts and ECDIS Integration: Textbooks and routes, and make
 Explanation of the use of nautical charts and References: navigation
ECDIS in maritime navigation.  "Global Positioning decisions.
 Demonstration of how GNSS data integrates System: Signals,
with ECDIS for real-time navigation. Measurements, and
 Understanding symbols and information on Performance" by
nautical charts related to GNSS. Pratap Misra and Per
Safety Protocols and Compliance: Enge:
 Review safety protocols and procedures  "Introduction to GPS:
related to ship navigation with GNSS. The Global
 Discuss how GNSS enhances safety measures Positioning System"
and contributes to collision avoidance. by Ahmed El-
 Highlight specific maritime regulations, Rabbany:
including STCW conventions, related to GNSS  "GNSS Applications
navigation. and Methods" by
Scott Gleason and
LA: Demoz Gebre-
Simulation Navigation Exercise: Egziabher:
 Practical exercise using the ship's GNSS
equipment.
 Student’s work in small groups to plan and
execute a simulated voyage using GNSS
technology.
 Emphasis on safety protocols, real-time
decision-making, and collaboration within the
groups.
Debrief and Reflection:
 Reconvene as a whole group to debrief the

Page 17 of 36
 practical exercise.
 Allow participants to share their experiences,
challenges, and lessons learned.
 Facilitate a reflection session on the
integration of GNSS technology into ship
navigation practices.

LO3.1 TOPIC 3 TA: Equipment and Written Assessment: Lec

Demonstrate a Introduction to AIS: Materials:  Develop multiple- 3 hrs.
comprehensive Introduction to  Define AIS and its role in maritime navigation.  Whiteboard or choice, true/false,
understanding of the Automatic  Discuss the historical background and Chalkboard or short-answer Lab
principles, components, Identification System development of AIS.  Printed Materials questions to assess 3 hrs.
and applications of AIS (AIS) in Maritime  Highlight the importance of AIS in enhancing  Video Clips theoretical
technology, proficiently Navigation situational awareness and safety at sea.  Simulators knowledge of AIS
interpreting AIS data for AIS Components and Functionality:  Online Learning principles,
enhanced maritime  Explain the key components of AIS, including components, and
Platforms
navigation, collision transponders, VHF radio frequencies, and regulations.
 GNSS equipment
avoidance, and satellite communication.  Include questions
compliance with  Discuss the data transmitted by AIS, such as suitable for marine on interpreting AIS
international regulations. vessel identity, position, course, speed, and navigation. data and
navigational status.  AIS understanding
 Describe the AIS message types and their  Computers or tablets different message
significance in maritime communication. for each participant types.
AIS Equipment and Installation: or small groups.  Evaluate students'
 Provide an overview of AIS transponders and  Projector and screen understanding of
their installation on different types of vessels. for presentations. the historical
 Discuss the technical aspects of AIS development and
equipment, including power requirements, evolution of AIS
antenna placement, and integration with Textbooks and technology.
other navigation systems. References:
AIS Data Interpretation:  "Radar and ARPA Practical Exercises:
 Demonstrate how to interpret AIS data on a Manual" by A.G. Bole,  Create practical
navigation display. W. Burger, and H.C. scenarios where
 Explore the significance of various AIS Woodman: students must
parameters in assessing the navigational  "Introduction to interpret simulated
situation. Marine Navigation" AIS data to make
 Discuss common challenges and errors in AIS by Capt. A. J. navigational
Brillante:
Page 18 of 36
 data interpretation.  "Marine Navigation decisions.
AIS Alarms and Alerts: and Safety of Sea  Conduct hands-on
 Discuss the importance of AIS alarms for Transportation" exercises with
collision avoidance. edited by Adam actual AIS
 Explain how AIS integrates with collision Weintrit: equipment to
avoidance systems and radar. assess students'
 Explore real-life scenarios where AIS alarms ability to configure,
played a critical role in preventing accidents. operate, and
Regulatory Framework and Compliance: troubleshoot AIS
 Provide an overview of international transponders.
regulations related to AIS, such as SOLAS  Evaluate the
requirements. accuracy and
 Discuss the importance of compliance with efficiency of
AIS regulations for maritime safety and students' use of AIS
security. for collision
avoidance and
LA: route planning.
Practical Exercises and Simulations:
 Conduct hands-on exercises using AIS
equipment and simulation software.
 Simulate different scenarios to help students
practice using AIS for collision avoidance,
route planning, and communication with
other vessels.
Case Studies and Best Practices:
 Present real-life case studies where AIS
played a crucial role in preventing accidents
or improving maritime operations.
 Discuss best practices for using AIS in
different navigational situations.
Q&A and Discussion:
 Encourage students to ask questions and
engage in a discussion about the practical
aspects of AIS implementation.
 Address any concerns or misconceptions.

LO4.1 TOPIC 4 TA: Equipment and Written Assessment: Lec

Page 19 of 36
 understand the principles Introduction to ECDIS: Materials:  Assess student’s 3 hrs.
of Electronic Chart Electronic Chart  Brief overview of the importance of ECDIS in  Whiteboard or understanding of
Display and Information Display and modern maritime navigation. Chalkboard ECDIS principles, Lab
Systems (ECDIS), operate Information Systems  Explanation of how ECDIS integrates  Printed Materials regulations, and 3 hrs.
ECDIS equipment (ECDIS) in Maritime electronic charts with navigation information.  Video Clips theoretical
proficiently, and apply it Navigation Components of ECDIS:  Simulators concepts such as
effectively in maritime  Brief overview of the importance of ECDIS in  Online Learning chart symbology,
navigation. modern maritime navigation. updating
Platforms
 Explanation of how ECDIS integrates procedures, and
 ECDIS equipment or
electronic charts with navigation information. safety protocols by
simulation software.
Regulatory Framework: Multiple-choice
 Maritime charts and
 Brief overview of the importance of ECDIS in questions, short-
publications.
modern maritime navigation. answer questions,
 Computers or tablets
 Explanation of how ECDIS integrates or essays.
for each participant
electronic charts with navigation information.
or small groups.
Familiarization with ECDIS Interface: Scenario-Based
 Projector and screen
 Brief overview of the importance of ECDIS in Simulation:
for presentations.
modern maritime navigation.  Students navigate
Textbooks and
 Explanation of how ECDIS integrates through simulated
References:
electronic charts with navigation information. scenarios using
 "Electronic Chart
Chart Data Management: ECDIS, responding
Display and
 Explanation of chart data updates and to challenges like
Information System
management procedures. adverse weather
(ECDIS) - An
 Discussion on the importance of maintaining conditions, traffic
Operational
updated chart databases. situations, or
Handbook" by Adam
Safety Protocols and ECDIS: equipment
Weintrit and Tomasz
 Explanation of chart data updates and malfunctions.
Neumann:
management procedures.
 "ECDIS Basics" by
 Discussion on the importance of maintaining
Jeppesen Marine:
updated chart databases.
 "ECDIS Manual" by
ECDIS and Collision Avoidance:
the United Kingdom
 Explanation of chart data updates and
Hydrographic Office
management procedures.
(UKHO):
 Discussion on the importance of maintaining
updated chart databases.

LA:

Page 20 of 36
 Debrief and Q&A:
 Reconvene as a group for a debriefing
session.
 Encourage participants to share their
experiences and challenges during the hands-
on exercises.
 Open the floor for questions and discussions.

LO5.1 TOPIC 5 TA: Equipment and Written Assessment: Lec

understand the echo Introduction to Echo Sounders: Materials:  Assess students 3 hrs.
sounder principles and  Definition and purpose of echo sounders in  Whiteboard or their theoretical
practical expertise in Echo Sounder maritime navigation. Chalkboard understanding of Lab
operating echo sounder Principles  Importance of depth measurement in  Printed Materials echo sounder 3 hrs.
navigation.  Video Clips principles,
 Overview of the basic components of an echo  Simulators components, and
sounder.  Online Learning applications by
Principles of Echo Sounder Operation: Multiple-choice
Platforms
 Explanation of the echo sounder "ping" questions, short
 Echo sounder
process: transmission, reflection, and answer questions,
equipment (if
reception of sound waves. or essays.
available).
 Relationship between sound speed and water
 Diagrams or visuals
depth measurement. Hands-on Practical
explaining echo
 Understanding the display: interpreting Assessment:
sounder principles.
depth readings, seabed characteristics, and  Students operate
 Projector and screen
potential obstacles. an echo sounder,
for presentations.
Interpreting Echo Sounder Data: demonstrating the
 Reading and interpreting echo sounder ability to take depth
Textbooks and
displays. measurements,
References:
 Discussion on common challenges and interpret data, and
 "Introduction to
troubleshooting techniques. troubleshoot
Marine Navigation"
 Analyzing different seabed profiles and their common issues.
by Captain John W.
representations on an echo sounder.
Pratt:
Integrating Echo Sounders into Navigation:
 "Hydrography:
 Discussion on how echo sounders contribute
Principles and
to safe navigation.
Practice" by Peter
 Exploring case studies or real-life scenarios
Robins and David
where echo sounders played a crucial role.
Stevens:
Page 21 of 36
  Highlighting the importance of depth
soundings in route planning.

LA:
Hands-on Practical Session:
 Practical demonstration using echo sounder
 "The Marine
equipment (if available).
Technology and
 Simulation or video demonstration if physical
Transoceanic Cable
equipment is not accessible.
Activities of the
 Participants engage in hands-on activities,
International Cable
taking depth measurements and interpreting
Protection
echo sounder data.
Committee 1958–
Q&A and Reflection:
1978" by G. I. Bisson:
 Open the floor for questions and discussions.
 Encouraging students to reflect on the lesson
and share insights.
 Discussing potential challenges and strategies
for effective teaching.

LO6.1 TOPIC 6 TA: Equipment and Written Assessment: Lec

understanding of RADAR Introduction to RADAR: Materials:  Develop a written 3 hrs.
systems, including their RADAR  Begin with a brief overview of what RADAR is  Whiteboard or exam with multiple-
principles, components, and its applications in navigation, aviation, Chalkboard choice questions, Lab
operation, and and meteorology.  Printed Materials short-answer 3 hrs.
interpretation of RADAR  Discuss the basic principles of RADAR,  Video Clips questions, and
displays. including the transmission and reception of  Simulators essay questions.
radio waves and the concept of echo.  Online Learning Cover topics such as
Components of a RADAR System: RADAR principles,
Platforms
 Explain the major components of a RADAR components, key
 RADAR simulation
system: transmitter, antenna, receiver, terms, and the
display, and control unit. software or access to interpretation of
 Use diagrams and illustrations to help a RADAR system for RADAR displays.
students visualize the arrangement of these demonstration (if
components. available) Practical
 Discuss the role of each component in the  Projector and screen Demonstration:
RADAR system. for presentations.  Assess students'
RADAR Operation: ability to operate a

Page 22 of 36
  Describe the operating principles of a RADAR Textbooks and RADAR system
system, including the transmission of radio References: through a practical
waves, target detection, and the reception of  "Introduction to demonstration.
echoes. Radar Systems" by Provide a simulated
 Explain the factors influencing RADAR Merrill I. Skolnik: RADAR
performance, such as wavelength, pulse  "Radar Principles" by environment or
duration, and antenna characteristics. Naval Education and access to a real
RADAR Display Interpretation: Training Professional RADAR system, and
 Introduce the RADAR display and its key Development and ask students to
features, including range, bearing, and Technology Center: perform specific
relative motion indicators.  "Radar and ARPA tasks, such as
 Discuss how targets appear on the display, Manual: Radar, AIS adjusting settings,
and explain concepts like true motion, and Target Tracking identifying targets,
relative motion, and heading lines. for Marine Radar and interpreting
Users" by A.G. Bole, displays.
LA: W.O. Dineley:
Hands-on RADAR Simulation:  "Principles of Modern
 If possible, use RADAR simulation software or Radar: Basic
access a real RADAR system for a hands-on Principles" by Mark A.
demonstration. Richards, James A.
 Allow students to interact with the system, Scheer, William A.
adjusting settings and observing how Holm:
different factors impact the display.
 Provide scenarios for students to practice
interpreting RADAR displays and identifying
targets.
Group Discussion and Analysis:
 Facilitate a group discussion where students
share their observations from the RADAR
simulation.
 Encourage analysis of different scenarios,
discussing the challenges and considerations
in interpreting RADAR information.
Case Studies:
 Present case studies or real-life examples
where effective RADAR use played a critical
role in navigation or safety.

Page 23 of 36
  Discuss how RADAR technology has evolved
and its impact on various industries.
Q&A Session:
 Conclude the workshop with a question-and-
answer session, allowing students to seek
clarification on any concepts discussed during
the activity.
Homework Assignment:
 Assign a RADAR-related research project or
ask students to write a reflection on the
importance of RADAR technology in a specific
industry or historical context.

LO7.1 TOPIC 7 TA: Equipment and Written Assessment: Lec

understand the basics of Introduction: Materials:  Create a written 6 hrs.
compass navigation, Foundations of  Begin by asking students what they know  Whiteboard or exam that includes
including how to use a Compass Navigation. about navigation. Have a brief discussion Chalkboard multiple-choice Lab
compass, read a map, and about different methods of navigation, such  Printed Materials questions on 6 hrs.
navigate using cardinal as using landmarks, GPS, and compasses.  Video Clips compass basics,
directions. Background Knowledge:  Simulators map reading, and
 Provide a brief overview of how a compass  Online Learning navigation
works. Explain the cardinal directions (north, techniques.
Platforms
south, east, west) and how the needle always  Include short-
 Compass (compass
points north. answer questions
apps.).
 Demonstrate how to properly hold a compass that require
 Maps of the local
and explain the importance of keeping it students to explain
level. area key concepts and
Compass Navigation:  Projector and screen procedures.
 Explain how to use a compass in conjunction for presentations
with a map for navigation. Emphasize aligning Practical Skills Test:
the map with the compass and walking in the Textbooks and  Conduct a practical
desired direction. References: skills test where
 Demonstrate how to set a bearing on the  "Be Expert with Map students
compass and follow it using a simple map. and Compass" by demonstrate their
Use the whiteboard to illustrate concepts. Bjorn Kjellstrom: ability to use a
 "Wilderness compass effectively.
LA: Navigation: Finding Set up a navigation
Your Way Using Map,
Page 24 of 36
 Practical Exercise: course with specific
 If possible, take the class outdoors. Set up a waypoints for them
small orienteering course with markers or use to find using a
natural landmarks. Assign each student a compass and map.
starting point and a destination.  Evaluate their
Compass, Altimeter &
 Walk through the steps of using a compass to proficiency in
GPS" by Bob Burns
navigate through the course. Encourage holding the
and Mike Burns:
students to work in pairs or small groups. compass, setting
 "Navigation Rules and
Debrief: bearings, and
Regulations
 Ask students about their experiences during following
Handbook" by U.S.
the practical exercise. What challenges did directions.
Department of
they face? What did they learn?
Homeland Security,
Homework/Extension Activity:
U.S. Coast Guard:
 Assign a homework activity where students
practice using a compass (Compass apps) in
their local area. They can report back on their
experiences and any challenges faced.

Lec
3 hrs.
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Lab
3 hrs.
LO8.1 TOPIC 8 TA: Equipment and Map Orientation
determine and practice Introduction: Materials: Exercise:
practical compass reading Practical Compass  Start with a brief discussion on the  Whiteboard or  Provide students
techniques, including Reading Techniques importance of practical compass reading Chalkboard with a map and Lec
taking bearings, following skills. Ask students if they've ever used a  Printed Materials have them orient it 3 hrs.
a bearing, and orienting a compass before and what they think the key  Video Clips correctly using a
map with a compass. benefits are.  Simulators compass. Include Lab
Compass Basics Review:  Online Learning various landmarks 3 hrs.
 Quickly review the basics of how a compass and challenges on
Platforms
works, cardinal directions, and holding a the map.
 Compass (compass
compass level. Ensure that students have a  Evaluate their
apps.).
solid understanding of these foundational accuracy in
 Maps of the local
concepts. orienting the map,
Practical Techniques Explanation: area identifying
 Taking a Bearing:  Projector and screen landmarks, and
for presentations
Page 25 of 36
 Explain the concept of taking a bearing
 following the
using a compass. Demonstrate how to Textbooks and correct route.
align the compass with a distant References: Assess their
landmark and read the bearing from the  "Be Expert with Map understanding of
compass housing. and Compass" by how to use the
 Following a Bearing: Bjorn Kjellstrom: compass in
 Discuss how to follow a bearing by  "The Essential conjunction with a
keeping the compass needle aligned with Wilderness map.
the north indicator. Emphasize the Navigator: How to
importance of maintaining a consistent Find Your Way in the
direction. Great Outdoors" by
 Orienting a Map: David Seidman:
 Teach students how to orient a map  "Outdoor Navigation
using a compass. Explain the process of with GPS" by Stephen
aligning the map with the compass W. Hinch:
needle to ensure that the map's
orientation matches the real-world
terrain.

LA:
Demonstration and Practice:
 Classroom Demonstration:
 Use the whiteboard to illustrate the
process of taking a bearing, following a
bearing, and orienting a map. Highlight
key steps and common mistakes.
 Outdoor Practice:
 If possible, take the class outdoors.
Provide each student with a compass and
a map of the area. Have them practice
taking bearings, following them, and
orienting the map. Encourage peer
collaboration.
Assessment:
 Study the 32 points of the compass

LO9.1 Topic 9 TA: Equipment and Written Assessment: Lec

Page 26 of 36
 demonstrate a Introduction to Compasses: Materials:  Assess students’ 3 hrs.
comprehensive the Principles of  Definition and significance of compasses in  Whiteboard or theoretical
understanding of the Magnetic and Gyro- maritime navigation. Chalkboard knowledge of Lab
fundamental principles Compasses  Overview of magnetic and gyro-compasses  Printed Materials magnetic and gyro- 3 hrs.
governing magnetic and and their respective roles.  Video Clips compass principles,
gyro-compasses,  Importance of accurate compass readings in  Simulators including Earth's
including the influences navigation.  Online Learning magnetic field,
of Earth's magnetic field Principles of Magnetic Compass: gyroscopic
Platforms
and gyroscopic principles.  Explanation of Earth's magnetic field and its principles,
 Diagrams or visuals
influence on magnetic compass readings. component
illustrating magnetic
 Components of a magnetic compass: card, identification, and
and gyro-compass
needle, lubber line, and housing. the impact of
principles.
 Understanding magnetic variation and deviation and
 Models or
deviation. variation.
simulations of
 Practical demonstration using a magnetic
magnetic and gyro-
compass model. Laboratory Exercises:
compasses (if
Principles of Gyro-Compass: Students perform
available).
 Introduction to gyroscopic principles hands-on exercises,
 Projector and screen
underlying the gyro-compass. such as using models or
for presentations.
 Components of a gyro-compass: gyroscope, simulations to
 Compass calibration
gimbal system, and repeaters. demonstrate the
charts.
 Comparison with magnetic compass principles of magnetic
principles. and gyro-compasses,
Textbooks and
 Practical demonstration using a gyro- showcasing their
References:
compass model. understanding of
 "The Gyro Compass"
Comparative Analysis: component interactions
by J. Thomas S.
 Detailed comparison of magnetic and gyro- and calibration
Dickey:
compasses. processes.
 "Navigation and
 Advantages and limitations of each type.
Nautical Astronomy"
 Discussion on scenarios where one type may
by B. A. Koehler:
be preferred over the other.
"The American Practical
Calibration and Maintenance:
Navigator (Bowditch)" by
 Overview of the calibration process for both
Nathaniel Bowditch:
magnetic and gyro-compasses.
 Discussion on routine maintenance and
troubleshooting.
 Practical tips for ensuring accurate compass

Page 27 of 36
 readings.
Integrating into Navigation:
 Discussion on how compass principles
integrate into overall navigation.
 Exploring the role of compasses in chartwork
and route planning.
 Emphasizing the importance of cross-
checking with other navigational instruments.

LA:
Case Studies and Scenarios:
 Analyzing real-life case studies highlighting
the importance of accurate compass
readings.
 Discussing how understanding magnetic and
gyro-compass principles could have
prevented navigational challenges.
 Role-playing scenarios involving compass
usage in various conditions.
Q&A and Reflection:
 Open the floor for questions and discussions.
 Encouraging students to reflect on the lesson
and share insights.
 Discussing potential challenges and strategies
for effective learning.

LO10.1 Topic 10 TA 1.2: Equipment and Written Assessment: Lec

-demonstrate a Introduction: Materials:  Include multiple- 3 hrs.
comprehensive Understanding and  Begin with an engaging question or scenario  Whiteboard or choice questions
understanding of the Correcting Compass about the importance of accurate navigation Chalkboard that test students' Lab
fundamental principles of Errors. at sea.  Printed Materials theoretical 3 hrs.
compass navigation.  Briefly explain the differences between  Video Clips knowledge about
magnetic and gyro-compasses and why errors  Simulators compass errors and
-explain the factors that can occur.  Online Learning correction methods.
can cause compass errors, Understanding Compass Errors:
Platforms
such as magnetic  Show how to use a magnetic compass and Practical Observation:
 Magnetic compasses
deviation and variation. identify potential errors (e.g., deviation and  Take students to a
 Gyro-compasses
Page 28 of 36
 variation). Discuss gyro-compass errors like  Terrestrial landmarks location with
drift and misalignment. (images or physical identifiable
LA: outdoor space) landmarks and
Group Activity:  Nautical charts observe their ability
 Divide students into small groups. Provide  Protractors and to use terrestrial
magnetic compasses and have each group parallel rulers means to
identify and discuss errors, referencing the determine compass
demonstration. Textbooks and errors. This could
References: involve using both
TA:  "Navigation Rules and magnetic and gyro-
Gyro-Compass Errors: Regulations compasses in real-
 Further elaborate on gyro-compass errors, Handbook" by U.S. world situations.
discussing their impact on navigation. Coast Guard:
LA:  "Navigation: Group Projects:
Hands-on Exercise: Principles of  Navigation Plan:
 Distribute gyro-compasses to students. Guide Positioning and Assign groups of
them in identifying and understanding errors. Guidance" by B. students to create a
Use visual aids to illustrate concepts. Hofmann-Wellenhof, navigation plan,
H. Lichtenegger, and incorporating
TA: J. Collins: compass error
Terrestrial Means of Error Determination:  "The American determination and
 Discuss how terrestrial means, like Practical Navigator correction methods.
landmarks, can help determine compass (Bowditch)" by Have them present
errors. Nathaniel Bowditch: their plans to the
LA: class.
 Take students outdoors or use images of  Case Studies:
landscapes. Have them practice determining Provide case studies
errors in both compass types using terrestrial involving navigation
landmarks. Emphasize the importance of scenarios with
accurate observation. compass errors. Ask
students to analyze
Assessment: the cases and
 Assess students through participation in propose solutions.
activities, group discussions, and
understanding demonstrated in correction
calculations. Consider a short quiz or
reflective assignment to gauge

Page 29 of 36
 comprehension.

LO11.1 Topic 11 TA: Equipment and Written Assessment: Lec

compute all compass Introduction: Materials:  Create a written 3 hrs.
calculations, including compass  Briefly review the concepts of true north,  Whiteboard or test with a mix of
converting true course to calculations magnetic north, compass north, true course, Chalkboard multiple-choice Lab
magnetic course, magnetic course, variation, and deviation.  Printed Materials questions, short- 3 hrs.
adjusting for variation  Emphasize the practical importance of  Video Clips answer questions,
and deviation, and accurate compass calculations for navigation.  Simulators and problems that
determining the compass True Course to Magnetic Course Conversion:  Online Learning involve converting
course.  Discuss the relationship between true course true course to
Platforms
and magnetic course. magnetic course,
 Magnetic compasses
 Explain the formula: Magnetic Course = True adjusting for
 Gyro-compasses
Course ± Variation. variation and
 Nautical charts
 Work through examples on the whiteboard, deviation, and
 Protractors and
involving positive and negative variations. determining the
parallel rulers
Variation and Deviation: compass course.
 Discuss the Earth's magnetic field and its
Textbooks and
impact on navigation. Practical Exercises:
References:
 Review the concept of variation and how it is  Provide students
 "Navigation:
represented on charts. with maps or
Principles of
 Introduce deviation and explain its role in nautical charts and
Positioning and
compass errors. ask them to work
Guiding" by B.
 Work through examples of adjusting for through practical
Hofmann-Wellenhof,
variation and deviation. exercises similar to
H. Lichtenegger, and
Compass Course Determination: the ones covered in
J. Collins:
 Discuss the Earth's magnetic field and its class. This could
 "The Complete Idiot's
impact on navigation. involve calculating
Guide to Navigation"
 Review the concept of variation and how it is compass courses
by Michael Moulin:
represented on charts. for different routes
 "The American
 Introduce deviation and explain its role in considering various
Practical Navigator:
compass errors. true courses,
Bowditch" by
 Work through examples of adjusting for variations, and
Nathaniel Bowditch:
variation and deviation. deviations.

LA:
Practical Application:

Page 30 of 36
  Discuss the Earth's magnetic field and its
impact on navigation.
 Review the concept of variation and how it is
represented on charts.
 Introduce deviation and explain its role in
compass errors.
 Work through examples of adjusting for
variation and deviation.
Homework:
 Discuss the Earth's magnetic field and its
impact on navigation.
 Review the concept of variation and how it is
represented on charts.
 Introduce deviation and explain its role in
compass errors.
 Work through examples of adjusting for
variation and deviation.

LO12.1 Topic 12 TA: Equipment and Written Assessment: Lec

-calculate compass error Introduction: Materials:  Formula 3 hrs.
based on given magnetic Compass Error  Start with a brief overview of why accurate  Whiteboard or Application: Include
deviation and variation Calculation compass readings are crucial in navigation Chalkboard questions where Lab
values. and introduce the importance of  Printed Materials students must apply 3 hrs.
understanding compass error calculation  Video Clips compass error
-demonstrate the ability formulas.  Simulators calculation formulas
to convert between true Understanding Compass Error Formulas:  Online Learning to solve specific
and magnetic headings  Provide a clear and concise introduction to navigation
Platforms
accurately. the key compass error calculation formulas, scenarios.
 Magnetic compasses
including deviation and variation (CDMVT  Conceptual
 Gyro-compasses
formula). Understanding:
 Terrestrial landmarks
Compass Error Calculation Formulas: Pose questions that
(images or physical
 Explain each compass error formula in detail, assess students'
outdoor space)
covering variables, units, and practical understanding of
 Nautical charts
applications. the principles
 Protractors and
 Use the whiteboard for a live demonstration, behind compass
parallel rulers
walking through the step-by-step application error formulas,
 calculators
of each formula using a sample nautical including factors

Page 31 of 36
 chart. Textbooks and affecting deviation
References: and variation.
LA:  "The American
Practical Exercise: Practical Navigator Practical Observation:
 Divide teachers into small groups and assign (Bowditch)" by  Navigation
each group a specific navigation scenario. Ask Nathaniel Bowditch: Exercise: Conduct a
them to calculate compass errors using the  "Navigation: practical navigation
formulas (CDMVT formula). Principles of exercise where
 Have groups share their calculations with the Positioning and students use
class. Encourage peer review and discussion, Guidance" by B. compasses, nautical
focusing on practical challenges and Hofmann-Wellenhof, charts, and
solutions. H. Lichtenegger, and instruments to
J. Collins: calculate compass
errors in a
controlled
environment.

LO13.1 TOPIC 13 TA: Equipment and Written Assessment: Lec

understand and apply the Introduction: Materials:  Design a written 3 hrs.
principles of dead  Begin by asking students if they are familiar  Whiteboard or exam with
reckoning to estimate Dead Reckoning with the term "dead reckoning" and what it Chalkboard questions that Lab
their position during might involve.  Printed Materials assess the 3 hrs.
navigation.  Explain that dead reckoning is a navigation  Video Clips theoretical
technique used to estimate one's current  Simulators knowledge of dead
position based on a known starting position,  Online Learning reckoning
course, and speed. principles, formulas,
Platforms
Key Concepts: and key concepts.
 Magnetic compasses
 Discuss the fundamental elements of dead Include scenarios
 Gyro-compasses
reckoning: where students
 Terrestrial landmarks
 Starting Point: The initial known position. have to calculate
(images or physical
 Course: The direction or path taken. positions based on
outdoor space)
 Speed: The rate of movement. given courses,
 Nautical charts
 Time: The duration of travel. speeds, and time
 Protractors and
 Emphasize that dead reckoning involves intervals.
parallel rulers
continuously updating one's position based
 calculators
on these elements. Practical
Demonstration: Demonstrations:
Textbooks and
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  Use a map or nautical chart to demonstrate References:  Have students
dead reckoning.  "The American demonstrate their
 Choose a starting point, set a course, and Practical Navigator" understanding of
establish a speed. (Bowditch) dead reckoning
 Update the position at regular intervals based  "Navigation: through practical
on time, course, and speed. Principles of exercises. This
 Discuss how external factors like wind or Positioning and could involve
currents can affect dead reckoning. Guidance" by A. M. physically moving
Moodie through a
LA:  "Modern Marine designated area
Hands-On Activity: Navigation" by while using
 Divide students into small groups. William J. August compasses, rulers,
 Provide each group with a map, ruler, and and timekeeping to
compass. estimate positions.
 Assign each group a starting point, course,
and speed.
 Have them calculate and update their
positions at regular intervals.
 Discuss challenges and variations in their
estimations.
Class Discussion:
 Reconvene as a class and share the
experiences of each group.
 Discuss the importance of accurate
measurements, timekeeping, and how
external factors can impact dead reckoning.
 Address any questions or misconceptions.

Real-world Applications:
 Discuss real-world applications of dead
reckoning, such as in maritime navigation,
aviation, hiking, or orienteering.
 Emphasize the importance of dead reckoning
in situations where GPS or other electronic
aids may not be available.

LO14.1 TOPIC 14 TA: Equipment and Field Exercise Lec

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 Understand the key Introduction: Materials: Evaluation: 6 hrs.
navigational techniques, Navigational  Discuss the importance of navigational  Whiteboard or  Observe and assess
and demonstrate the Techniques techniques in various fields (marine Chalkboard students during a Lab
application of navigation, aviation, hiking, etc.).  Printed Materials field exercise that 6 hrs.
navigational techniques in  Outline the key navigational techniques to be  Video Clips combines map
real-world scenarios. covered in the lesson.  Simulators reading, compass
Map and Chart Reading:  Online Learning navigation, and GPS
 Types of Maps and Charts: use in a real-world
Platforms
 Discuss different types of maps and scenario.
 Magnetic compasses
charts used in navigation.  Evaluate factors
 Gyro-compasses
 Explain the significance of topographic such as accuracy,
 Sextant
features, symbols, and scale. efficiency, and
 GPS
 Map Reading Techniques: problem-solving
 Compasses
 Teach advanced map-reading skills, such skills.
 Terrestrial landmarks
as contour lines, slope analysis, and
(images or physical
interpreting terrain features.
outdoor space)
LA:
 Nautical charts
 Conduct practical exercises on map
 Protractors and
interpretation.
parallel rulers
TA:
 calculators
Compass Navigation Techniques:
 Advanced Compass Use:
Textbooks and
 Review basic compass use and then delve
References:
into advanced techniques, such as back
 "Navigation:
azimuth, resection, and intersection.
Principles of
LA:
Positioning and
 Provide hands-on practice with compass
Guidance" by Dr. B.
navigation exercises.
Hofmann-Wellenhof,
TA:
H. Lichtenegger, and
 Night Navigation with a Compass:
J. Collins:
 Discuss techniques for navigating at night
 "The Complete Sailor:
using a compass.
Learning the Art of
LA:
Sailing" by David
 Include practical exercises in low-light
Seidman:
conditions.
 "The Complete Idiot's
Guide to Navigation"
TA:
by Nigel Calder:
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 GPS Navigation Techniques:
 Understanding GPS Devices:
 Explain the components and functions of
GPS devices.
LA:
 Demonstrate how to input waypoints and
navigate to a destination.

TA:
 Advanced GPS Techniques:
 Explore features like track recording,
route planning, and waypoint averaging.
LA:
 Conduct practical exercises with GPS
devices.
TA:
Celestial Navigation:
 Introduction to Celestial Navigation:
 Provide an overview of celestial
navigation principles.
 Discuss the use of celestial bodies for
navigation.
LA:
 Sextant Use:
 If a sextant is available, demonstrate its
use for celestial navigation.
 Discuss practical considerations and
limitations.

Lec
3 hrs.
Final Examination Lab
3 hrs.
Total hours 108 hrs.

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