FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA COUNCIL FOR THE

REGULATION OF ENGINEERING IN NIGERIA

BY
ABDULWAHAB AHMED

TO

THE COUNCIL FOR THE

REGULATION OF ENGINEERING
IN NIGERIA (COREN)

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT AS A
REQUIREMENT FOR
REGISTRATION AS AN
ENGINEER

By: ABDULWAHAB AHMED

COREN Graduate Reg. No:
Mobile No: 08034445152
Email: abdulwahabahmadhassan@gmail.com , 2024
 REPORT ON WORK
EXPERIENCE BY
ABDULWAHAB AHMED
SUBMITTED

TO

THE COUNCIL FOR THE REGULATION OF

ENGINEERING IN NIGERIA (COREN)

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT AS A REQUIREMENT FOR

REGISTRATION AS AN ENGINEER

2024.

1
 APPROVAL PAGE
This project has been read and approved as meeting the requirements of
COUNCIL FOR THE REGULATION OF ENGINEERING IN
NIGERIA. For Membership Registration

NAME SIGN DATE

Ii

2
CERTIFICATION

iii

3
 DEDICATION
I dedicate this Report to God

iv

4
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I give God Almighty all the appreciation, for His loving kindness, and grace over me.
The data used were obtained from the activities being performed while under the
obligation of the company.

5
 CHAPTER ONE

ABDULWAHAB AHMED
No. 2 Dan-Galadima Dahiru Link Yola, Adamawa state.
Phone No: 08034445152
Email: abdulwahabahmadhassan@gmail.com

Personal Details:
 Date of Birth: - 07th September, 1991
 State of Origin: - Adamawa 8627
 L.G.A. Origin: - Yola South

Objective:
I am a very hardworking and personable individual seeking to contribute in the achievement of the
goal and mission of my prospective organization, thereby guaranteeing the best of my ability and
service.

Education and Qualification:

2018 Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola B. Eng.
Electrical/Electronics
Dissertation: Design and construction of switch mode power supply

2010 Chiroma Ahmed Academy (SSCE)

2003 Alheri International Academy (leaving school

certificate)
Trainings and Certificates:

2019 Pilot training towards CISCO Network Associate Certification

Additional Skills:
• IT skills: Confident in Microsoft office packages
• Good facilitation skill
• Excellent report writing skills

Personal Interest:
• Watching news
• Travelling
• Socializing with colleagues and friends
• Updating personal skills
• Trying out new dishes

6
Referees:
Engr. Adamu Shuaibu Kadalla
Dept. of Electrical Engineering,
Modibbo Adama University,
Yola.
Tel: 08034378394

Alhaji Sahabi Tukur

Bokir Int’l Co. Ltd,
Alfred Rewani Road Falomo Ikoyi,
Lagos
Tel: 07032516777

Barr. Aminu Murtala Aminu

College for Legal Studies, Yola
Tel: 08061586131

7
 CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Summary of Work Experience

Period Detail of Projects/Activities Duration Supervisor

(Years)
Name Signatur e

2022 – Date EMPLOYER : Yola Electricity Distribution

Company
Position: (System operator)

Activities undertaken were:

1. Ensuring system performance for
effective transmission of power.
2. Daily routine inspection of the sub-
-
station.
3. Real-time system operation and control.
4. Taking record of stipulated system
parameters.
5. Prompt dispatch of defective
equipment
6. Adequate logging of operational
events.
2020
EMPLOYER: National Information Technology
- Development Agency (NITDA).
Position: NYSC
Activities undertaken were:
1. Disconnection and Reconnection of
Electrical Power Lines.
2. Installation and Maintenance of Digital
Metering System.
3. Insulation of Electrical Systems.
4. Transformer servicing i.e. Refilling of
Transformer Oil, Rewinding of
Transformer Coil etc.
5. Cable Jointing i.e. Laying of Electrical
Wires, and Detecting of Faults.

8
2016

EMPLOYER : ERICCSON LAB,

Modibbo Adama University, Yola:
Position: (S.I.W.E.S)

Activities undertaken were:

1. Installation of Electrical appliances such
as lamps, lamp holders, fans, sockets etc.
2. Repairs and Maintenance of electrical
units such as Generators, Transformers,
Distribution boards, circuit breakers etc.
3. Wiring 0f new theatre and repair of faulty
cables.
4. Maintenance of their Local Area Network
such as twisting of cables and changing
faulty RJ-25.
5. Blowing and Scanning of their computers
against virus.
6. Services design.
7. Collection, Registration and submission
of contracts files.

9
 CHAPTER THREE

POST GRADUATE EXPERIENCE IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PRACTICE

PROJECT: DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SWITCH MODE POWER SUPPLY

(SPMS)
DURATION: 3 MONTHS
EMPLOYER: NITDA

1.1 INTRODUCTION:

Switched mode power supply converts the available unregulated ac or dc input voltage to a
regulated dc output voltage. However in case of SMPS with input supply drawn from the ac
mains, the input voltage is first rectified and filtered using a capacitor at the rectifier output.
The unregulated dc voltage across the capacitor is then fed to a high frequency dc-to-dc
converter.

Most of the dc-to-dc converters used in SMPS circuits have an intermediate high frequency ac
conversion stage to facilitate the use of a high frequency transformer for voltage scaling and
isolation. In contrast, in linear power supplies with input voltage drawn from ac mains, the
mains voltage is first stepped down (and isolated) to the desired magnitude using a mains
frequency transformer, followed by rectification and filtering. The high frequency transformer
used in a SMPS circuit is much smaller in size and weight compared to the low frequency
transformer of the linear power supply circuit. The ‘Switched Mode Power Supply’ owes its
name to the dc-to-dc switching converter for conversion from unregulated dc input voltage to
regulated dc output voltage.

SMPS are rapidly replacing linear regulated power supplies in most of the consumer electronic
applications due to their advantages like higher efficiency, better output voltage regulation,
compact size. In this project the 25W SMPS has been designed by using a flyback isolating
transformer.

The main components used in the design of SMPS are as follows:

 Kbl10 (Bridge Rectifier)

 Mov Capacitor
 Resistor
 Capacitors
10
  Top Switch 258 With Heat Sink
 Smps Transformer
 Mbr30100(Schottky Diode)
 Ka431 (Shunt Regulator)
 Pc817(Opto Coupler )
 Diodes
 Throuh Hole Pcb Board

3.1 METHODOLOGY
The SMPS can be made of different voltage and current ratings based the output requirements.
The design of SMPS worked in this project is basically 5V, 5A, 25W SMPS.

The basic block diagram of SPMS is as follows

MAINS
INPUT

The input supply drawn from the ac mains, the input voltage is first rectified and filtered using a
capacitor at the rectifier output. The unregulated dc voltage across the capacitor is then fed to a
high frequency dc-to-dc converter. The dc-to-dc converters used in SMPS circuits have an
intermediate high frequency ac conversion stage to facilitate the use of a high frequency
transformer for voltage scaling and isolation. The high frequency transformer used in a SMPS
circuit is much smaller in size and weight. Then the output of the transformer is connected to the
output rectifier and filter then the output is being fed to the output.

3.2 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SMPS

Schematic diagram of SMPS

11
The components and type of topology are selected based on the specifications. For the converter
AC input voltage varying from Vin_min 80V and Vin_max 285V, corresponding bridge rectifier
DC voltage and hence DC input to flyback converter varies from VDC_min 72 V to VDC_max
400V. The nominal switching frequency is 132 kHz and the Switching frequency of converter
topology ranges between 30 kHz to 150 kHz according to the variation of load and input voltage,
and expressed by equation (3.1)

Considering efficiency of the converter is ɳ as 85%.

Where

12
3.3 DESIGN OF SMPS TRANSFORMER (DCM FLYBACK)

The design of flyback transformer is shown in below steps.

STEP 1: System Specifications and Requirements:

STEP 2: Determining Input Capacitor Cin and the DC input voltage range:
Maximum input power:

Using 1uF per watt of input power, the required DC capacitor is:

Cin = 40uF
Use the standard capacitance value of 40uF/400V
With the input capacitor chosen the minimum DC input voltage (DC link capacitor voltage) is obtained by:

STEP 3:
Flyback reflected voltage (VR) and the Max VDS MOSFET voltage stress, VR is chosen at 75V.
Assuming 30% leakage spike the expected maximum VDS is equal to:

Step 4:
Determining Dmax based on V reflected and Vinmin:

13
STEP 5:
Calculate primary inductance and primary peak current: The primary peak current can be found by

The primary inductance should then be design within the limit of maximum duty cycle;

STEP 6: Choosing the proper core type and size: we can use EE20/10/6 ferriite core for this 25W power level
Core: EE20/10/6 Ferroxcube/TDK
Cross Sectionl Area, Ae=32
Core Material: 3C96/Ferroxcube, TP4A/TDK
Bobbin: E20/10/6 coil former, 8 pins

STEP 7: Determining minimum primary turns:

It is important that operating Bmax should not exceed the saturating flux density (Bsat) given on
the core's data sheet.Bsat of ferrite core varies depending on the core material and temperature
but most of them has a Bsat rating closed to 400mT. If there is no further reference data used
Bmax = 300mT. Higher Bmax allows for lower number of primary turns for lower conduction
loss but with higher core loss. For optimized design the sum of both the core loss and the copper
loss should be mutually minimized. This usually happened near the point where core loss is
equal to the copper loss.

STEP 8: Determine the number of turns for the secondary main output (Ns) and other auxiliary turns (Naux):

An auxiliary winding Naux, on the primary is needed for the VCC supply

14
STEP 9: Determining the wire size for each output windings: The RMS current on each winding is calculated:
Primary winding RMS current:
Secondary Winding RMS current:

3.4 OUTPUT DIODE SELECTION

The selection of output diode is governed by the output voltage and output capacitor voltage
twice of these voltage the ratings of diode is selected. The maximum voltage across the diode is
24V and maximum current is 5A. Hence by considering the factor of safety,
MBR30100 Diode of 100V, Vf =0.15V and 20A rating is selected.
Power loss in output diode is

Pd= Vf*Iout (3.34)

= 0.75 W.

3.5 Output capacitor selection:

The output capacitor is selected on the basis of permissible ripples ΔVo = 80mV in the output and is determined by
equation.

=0.9mF

Thus, 1capacitor of 1000uF value each are selected.

15
 Fig.1: Prototype model of an SMPS

Fig.2: Breadboard Testing of Open loop Power Circuit Fig. 2: Open loop power circuit in veroboard

3.6 CONCLUSION
In this project a 5V, 5A SMPS has been implemented including design and hardware implementation of
switched mode power supply. A flyback converter based SMPS is designed and implemented using
power MOSFET, diode, bridge rectifier, transformer, PI controller. This SMPS can be used in power
electronics lab to step up the voltage. It can give fixed or constant desired output voltage. When the
output voltage of the converter is still far away from the target output, more power will be applied to the
converter to drive it towards the target output value and in this case, the width of the pulse will be higher
to reach the target value. When the output voltage of the converter is getting nearer to the target value,
the power must be reduced and in this case, the width of the pulse is low to reach the target value.

 It has high efficiency and low cost and small weight and size.
 The operation of flyback transformer has been studied and a flyback transformer is being implemented.
 The losses will be minimum and only the switching losses are present.
 The current rating is medium.
 The high frequency transformer used in a SMPS.

In addition to the proposed SMPS, the SMPS can also be implemented to multiple outputs using DC-DC
converters

16
PROJECT II: INSTALLATION OF 500KVA 33/0.415KV DISTRIBUTION
TRANSFORMER AT SHAGARI QUATRES IN YOLA, ADAMAWWA STATE.

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Transformer is an electrical device without continuously moving parts in its basic design, which by

electromagnetic induction transforms electric energy from one or more circuits to one or more other circuits at the

same frequency, usually with a change in Voltage and Current.

Transformer is one of the most vital and important electrical machinery. The development of the present day power

system is very much attributable to the large number and types of transformer that are in operation in the system,

such as, generator transformers, step-up transformers, step- down transformers, interlinking transformers, power

transformers & distribution transformers etc. Being a static machine, it is inherently reliable compared to other

machines. Distribution Transformers are important link between the power system and millions of electricity

consumers. Any failure of this important equipment, apart from adversely affecting the consumers, will also mean

considerable financial loss to the electricity undertaking. It is therefore of important that utmost care is taken in

the design, manufacture, testing, installation, and maintenance of transformers.

A transformer consists of a magnetic core made out of insulated silicon

Steel laminations. Two distinct sets of windings, one called primary and other called secondary winding, are

wound on such core. The transformer helps in converting low voltage into high voltage or visa-versa and

accordingly the transformer is termed step-up or step-down. The winding to which the voltage is applied is called

primary winding, whereas the winding to which the load is connected is called secondary winding. The

transformer works on the principle of electro-magnetic induction.

17
 Fig 1.0 Distribution Transformer

1.2 AIM OF THE PROJECT

This project is aimed at designing a distribution substation to improve the quality of power supply to a

settlement of Shagari quatres in Yola local Government of Adamawwa State. Shagari quatres Area is

supplied from Jambutu substation, which is highly over loaded who necessitated load shedding (Rationing

of power supply) to Area supplied by the substation. Shagari quatres Area is developing and extending and

requires a relief substation to de-load Jambutu substation. This in turn will create more revenue to

Adamawwa Electricity Distributions Company (YEDC) as the customers will be relieved of the load

shedding programme and have regular supply of electricity.

1.3 DESIGN OBJECTIVE

The objective of designing this substation is to ensure that energy and associated transmission voltage is

step down to suitable value for domestic utilization at relatively cheap form. For this to be successfully

achieved, general factors are to be given due consideration, these include:-

1. The voltage level

2. The capacity of the transformer

3. Environmental consideration

4. Site and space limitation

18
1.5 DESIGN CONSIDERATION

Depending on the purpose and size of a substation, some factors have to be incorporated in order to effectively

and satisfactorily achieve the aim at which it is designed. Therefore a substation must be: -

1. Reliable

2. Economical

3. Safe

4. Must have room for expansion and for flexibility of operation

5. Must incorporate facility for maintenance of lines with no interruption or hazard to operating

personnel.

1.4WHY A SUBSTATION IS NEEDED

A substation is always installed at all points in a network where a change of voltage is desired from generation to

transmission and sub-transmission voltages down to the low voltage (domestic voltage) of local distribution

network.

16/330kV S/S 330/132kV S/S 132/33/11kV S/S 33/11/0.415 S/S

11/0.415Kv S/S 33/0.415Kv S/S

Fig: 1.1 Illustrate single line diagram of power flow from generation to customer voltage level.

19
1.6 SUBSTATION SITTING AND LOAD CONSIDERATION
A substation is an aggregation of electrical apparatus for purpose of control, regulation, transformation and

distribution of electrical energy. It is the connecting link between two or more sections of transmission or

distribution system.

1.7 LOCATION OF SUBSTATION

The location of substation is determined by engineering features and economic reasons. Generally distribution

substations are sited at the head centre for maximum utilization and maximum security.

1.8 SELECTION OF SUBSTATION SITE

Selection of substation is determined by the following factors;-

a) A substation is sited where there is high density of power demand

b) Proximity to injection substation to reduce power loss

c) Cost of grading and drainage to avoid flood

d) Land cost and tax rate

e) Building restriction

f) The soil condition of such area should be of low resistance if possible so as to provide good
earthen system for the equipment in the substation.
Furthermore substation is constructed so as to accommodate the customer’s demand with future

expansion for up-rating construction based on load consideration.

1.9 POWER DEMAND

This is the required power to customers, which depends on load density. Load supply survey
is carried out in the area to ascertain power required by customers also taking into consideration
of possible increase in load demand due to development and expansion. For the purpose of this
project, power demand of Shagari quatres Area is determined by load reading of the up-riser
supplying Shagari quatres from Jambutu substation. The load reading during the peak period of
the day is between 18:00 – 22:00 hrs.

20
 1.10 SURVEY OF THE AREA

Load survey in the area (Shagari quatres) was carried out as earlier mentioned during the peak period at

about 19:00hrs on the unit that supplies the area and recorded current on phases are as follows: -

Red phase - 190A

Yellow phase - 182A

Blue phase - 200.7A

Neutral - 60A

Furthermore, due consideration of expansion and development in the area were also taken care of to enable the

proposed substation not to be over loaded within a short period. It was established that the area will have

additional population of about 20 houses. It was found that a house would have 5 married adults with an average

of 10 children (according to the culture).

1.11 LOAD DATA

The estimation of load required for the Shagari quatres area depends largely on the collection of data from the load

reading and comprehensive load forecast due to expansion and development

1.11.1 ESTIMATED LOAD FOR THE RESIDENTAL HOUSES

<<

i. Lighting load: (60W)

100% of the houses to be provided with 12No. Of 60W lamps Therefore

total load from bulbs - 12 x 60 x 20 = 14400W

= 14.4kW

ii. Electric fan: (75W)

10% of the houses are expected to be provided with electric fan Load from fan

- 10% x 75 x 20 = 150W

= 0.150kW

iii. T.V set (25W)

50% of the houses to have T.V set

21
 Load from T.V - 50% x 25 x 20 = 250W

= 0.25kW

iv. Refrigerator (1.12kW)

5% of the houses expected to have refrigerators

Load from refrigerator - 5% x 1120 x 20 = 1120W

= 1.12kW

v. Electric heater: (2kW)

5% of the houses are expected to have electric heaters

Load from electric heaters - 5% x 2000 x 20 =2000W

= 2kW
vi. Pressing Iron: (1.2kW)
9% of the houses to have pressing iron

Load - 9% x 1200W x 20 =2160W

=2.16Kw
Total power demand for the residential houses can be calculated as follows:

Press = ∑ Pb= i + ii + iii + iv + v + vi

= (14.4 + 0.15 + 0.25 + 1.12 + 2 + 2.16) Kw

= 20.08kW

1.11.2 ESTIMATED LOAD FOR THE PUBLIC SERVICES IN THE AREA

(i) T.V Viewing Centres - 5 x 25W = 0.125kW

(ii) Health Clinic - 2000W = 2.0kW

(iii) Primary School - 18 classes each to have 4 x 60W lamps and 4 x 75W

electric ceiling fans - (18 x 4 x 60W) + (18 x 4 x 75W)

- (4320+ 5400) W = 9720W= 9.72kW

Total expected demand - (9.72 +2 +0.125) kW Pps

- 11.845KW ≈ 12kW

22
1.11.3 ESTIMATED LOAD FOR COMMERCIAL SERVICES

(i) For commercial shops, estimation is based on 30% of residential demand, because

Shagari quatres area is not a commercial area. -30% x 20.08KW = 6.024kW

(ii) Grinding machine (Corn millers) = 35kW

(iii) Welders and other businesses = 20kW Total expected demand

= (6.024 + 35 + 20) kW

= 61.024kW

1.11.4 COMPUTATION OF kW RATING OF SHAGARI QUATRES LOAD FROM

JAMBUTU FEEDER S/S

𝑷𝒌𝑽𝑨×𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
IL = √𝟑×𝑽𝑳

IL = load current (A) VL

= line voltage (V) PkVA =

power (kVA)

𝑰𝑳×√𝟑×𝑽𝑳

𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
P kVA (estimated load) =

𝟐𝟎𝟎.𝟕×√𝟑×𝟒𝟏𝟓
= 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎

= 144.3kVA

Pf ~ power factor assumed to be 0.85

Therefore PkW = Pf x PkVA

= 0.85 x 144.3

= 122.7kW ≈ 122.7kW

23
1.12 SUMMARY OF RESULT OBTAINED

S/N Utility Estimated Power Demand (kW)

1. Residential 20.08

2. Public 12.0

3. Commercial 61.024

4. Load reading from Dandali 122.7

S/S

TOTAL 215.8Kw

Table: 1.0 Load demand

1.13 COMPUTATION OF kVA RATING FOR THE PROPOSED SUB-STATION

To obtain kVA rating of transformer proposed for Shagari quatres, as a relief substation to over loaded

JAMBUTU substation. The following procedures have to be considered

1. Estimated load demand = 215.8kW

2. Power factor: Ratio of kW to kVA rating assumed to be
0.85 Therefore: Pf = kW/ kVA
𝑷𝑭 𝟐𝟏𝟓.𝟖
𝟎.𝟖𝟓
== 253.9kVA

From the calculation the data for the selected transformer for Shagari quatres, is as follows:

Power Capacity = 300kVA >load expected

Voltage Profile = 11/0.415kV

24
1.14 COMPUTATION FOR THE FEEDER PILLAR SELECTION
Selection of feeder pillar for the project can be done by the following calculations:

𝑷𝒌𝒗𝒂×𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟑𝟎𝟎×𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
(i) Ip = = 𝑳√𝟑×𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
√𝟑×𝑽

= 15.75A

Pkva ~ capacity of selected transformer = 300kVA VL ~

line voltage 11kV = 11000V

Ip ~ current on primary side of the transformer

𝟑𝟎𝟎×𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
(ii) I= √𝟑×𝟒𝟏𝟓
s

= 417.3A

Is = current on the secondary side of the transformer.

Classification of feeder pillars

1. 400A - 4-ways

2. 600A - 4-ways

3. 600A - 6-ways

4. 800A - 4-ways

5. 800A - 8-`ways

From the calculation, the current on the secondary is ≈ 417.3A and selected type of feeder pillar to be

recommended is 600A – 4-ways feeder pillar to enable 4-units to radiate from the substation to the existing L.T

network.

25
1.15 COMPUTATION FOR D-FUSE (DROPOUT FUSE)

From Ip current calculated 15.75A fuse element is recommended to be used on the primary side of the transformer.

Therefore, J&P D-fuse rating for transformer should be as follows:

10A ≤ Ip ≤ 15A

The use of suitable sizes of fuse element in drop out fuses for the respective Substations will avoid the risk

of damage to the transformer due to excessive Flowing current from the line.

The Low tension cable from the secondary side of the transformer to the feeder pillar must be able to withstand

417.75A calculated as the maximum secondary current to flow from the transformer via feeder pillar to the Low

tension network.

Minimum voltage drop = 4% x 415V = 16V

Maximum current at LV = 417.75A = 417.75/3 = 139.25 Current to be

carried by the cable is = 139.25/0.97 = 143.55A Temperature of close

excess protection = 0.97 at 350C

1.16 SUMMARY OF RESULT

1. Transformer rating - 300kVA

2. Voltage profile - 11/0.415kV

3. Feeder Pillar - 600A/4-ways

4. Drop out fuse - 3No. rating 15A each

5. Secondary u/g cable to feeder pillar - 300mm2

1.17 COMPUTATION FOR EARTHING
According to I.E.E regulation, all exposed metal parts of all installations should effectively be earthed to the

general mass, as such the frame of the transformer, feeder pillar body, lightning arrestors, channel iron are all

supposed to be effectively earthed.

26
1.18 EARTHING LAYOUT

Electrodes 1 to 4 are earthen provision for the transformer and feeder pillar. Electrode 5 is for channel

iron earthen point. Electrode 6 is for the lightning arrestor earthen point.

The resistance of the buried electrodes should not be more than 1Ω as regards to I.E.E standard section

558-38. To obtain such as specified the following formula can be used.

R = SL/A

R = Minimum Resistance

S = Resistant per meter of copper = 1.75 x 10-8Ωm L =

Length of the earthen electrode

A = Cross sectional area of the electrode

Resistance for the electrode can be calculated using the above formula, while the resistance for the earthen system can

be determined by using the following:

1 1
/R = /R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + 1/R4 = RA

RA ~ Resistance of the earthen system

R1, R2, R3, & R4 – Resistance of 4 parallel electrodes for the transformer and feeder pillar.
1
/R = 1/R5 + 1/R6 = RB

R5, R6 – Resistance of the two parallel electrodes for the channel iron and lightning arrestors.

Total resistance of the system = RA + RB≤10Ω

27
1.19 GENERAL ARRANGMENT OF THE SUBSTATION

The following arrangement should be made for the proposed substation.

i The voltage profile of the substation shall be 11/0.415kV

ii The capacity of the transformer to be installed shall be 300kVA(0.3MVA) iii All

construction shall be of the outdoor type

iv The civil works and installation should be done in such a way to prevent the live parts from being

exposed and have enough space for maintenance by technical personnel.

1.20 STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER GROUP MOUNTED SPECIFICATION

Voltage ratio - 33/0.415kV

Connection - Delta/Star

Tapping - HV 2.5%/5% adjustment

HV - Terminal 3No. enclosed porcelain flush

LV - Terminal 4No. enclosed output

Complete with earthen terminal, filling hole with conservator tank also with oil indicator, or oil gauge,

dehydrating breather, drain valve and play.

1.21 LIGHTNING ARRESTORS FOR 33kV SERVICE

The main function of the lightning arrestor is to provide a path by which surge will rapidly find its way to

ground without flashing over to the installation of line equipment.

Parameters of lightning arrestor;

1. Rated voltage of 13kV r.m.s

2. Spark over voltage

3. Minimum power frequency of +5% nominal frequency of 50HZ NEPA specification.

4. Minimum discharge voltage with 8/20 set current wave for

28
5. With standard accessories for steel cross arm, mounting like clamping bund and bracket,

also insulating porcelain body.

1.22 DISTRIBUTION FEEDER PILLAR

Selected distribution feeder pillar shall have the following features;

i Shall be of sheet steel construction

ii Plinth mounted
iii Shall have locking enclosure
iv iv 600Amp, 4-ways
v 3-phase, 4-wire distribution units

APPROVED MATERIALS FOR THE PROJECTS

The approved sizes of conductor specified by Distribution Companies are as follows;
(a) 50mm2
(b) 70mm2
(c) 100mm2
(d) 150mm2

- Approved sizes of fibre cross arms for 33kV network shall be 0.0508 x 0.254 x 1.83m iron.

-The materials must be subjected for inspection and accepted by the authority concern when the need arises.

The Aluminium conductor will be used because of its light weight and less power loss along the line which

will cover up to a distance of 8Km without much voltage drop. The distance for the proposed substation to

the existing is 450m. Based on this therefore the use of 100mm2 aluminium will not result in voltage drop.

From IEE Regulation

Max current for 100mm2 conductor = 205A

Voltage drop per meter =

0.81mV 350C Temperature rating = 0.95

Voltage drop = length *load * Vdrop/A/m = 15.75*450*0.81 = 5.3V

1000 1000

The % of voltage drop on the line is negligible which is 0.04% of the nominal voltage.
- The XLPE cable to be used to connect the primary side of the transformer shall be 70mm2 x 1- core.

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1.23 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION

 Construct standard re-enforced plinths for the proposed transformer and feeder pillar
and installed on the plinths the proposed 300kVA, 11/0.415kV transformer and feeder
pillar respectively.

 Connect the primary side of the transformer to the 11kV overhead line using 45m of
70mm2 XLPE u/g cable via sets of 11kV D-fuse complete and lightning arresters.
Terminated the ends of the cable using 70mm2 11kV Raychem kits.

 The secondary side of the transformer to be connected to 4-way 600A feeder pillar
using 20m of 300mm2 u/g cable and cable lugged.

 Connect the feeder pillar to the existing L.T network and separate to enable 3-uprisers
to be raised from the proposed substation and terminate using 45m of 150mm2 x 4-core
underground cable.

 Construct a good earthen for the proposed substation and earth the equipment effectively.
 Fence the substation and carry out pre-commissioning tests
and commission the project.
Source of supply: 1x15MVA, 33/11kV Jambutu Injection substation. Percentage

load: 70%.

1.24 COMMISSIONING

After all the tests are carried out and the result certified ok, the line was energized from the source and closed up

to the substation transformer to the feeder pillar.

CHAPTER FOUR
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4.0 Conclusion

As I have narrated above in this report, I have gained adequate Work Experience in Electrical
Engineering (design, site supervision and office management) as well as knowledge in
procurement matters, project management and contracts administration. I have now managed
to bridge theories and reality on site. I have faced many challenges while implementing
projects and I have also been able to look for the solution to those problems.

Further I certify that, this report results from my involvement in various Electrical
Engineering works carried out and is not copied from any unauthorized materials and thus the
activities written in this report were carried out under close supervision of Registered
Engineers.

With regard to the professional engineering work experience I have gained so far, I finally
wish the COREN to consider, evaluate and approve my application for registration as an
Engineer.

Name: ……………………………..

Signature:……………………………

Date:……………………………….

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 1 Endorsement

I, the undersigned, have gone through the report that has been prepared and we endorse the
experience attained and reported by the writer. Based on our personal knowledge of the
character and professional reputation of the applicant, I recommend for acceptance of this
Work Experience report by the COREN in Partial fulfillment of the requirements for
registration as Registered Engineer/Technologist.

Name Stamp and Signature

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