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Traffic Light Controller Using FSM

The document provides a detailed breakdown of tasks for designing a Finite State Machine (FSM) for a Traffic Light Controller project. It outlines the relevant states (Red, Green, Yellow), their transitions based on timer inputs, and emphasizes that FSM is the appropriate model, eliminating the need for context-free grammars or Turing machines. Additionally, it includes a state transition diagram, a transition table, and pseudocode for the FSM logic.

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simantakasaju
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51 views5 pages

Traffic Light Controller Using FSM

The document provides a detailed breakdown of tasks for designing a Finite State Machine (FSM) for a Traffic Light Controller project. It outlines the relevant states (Red, Green, Yellow), their transitions based on timer inputs, and emphasizes that FSM is the appropriate model, eliminating the need for context-free grammars or Turing machines. Additionally, it includes a state transition diagram, a transition table, and pseudocode for the FSM logic.

Uploaded by

simantakasaju
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Week 3: FSM Design - Detailed Breakdown

Let’s dive into the specific tasks for FSM Design. I'll walk you through each step in detail to
make sure you complete the deliverables.

Note:
For the Traffic Light Controller FSM project, you do not specifically need to design
context-free grammars or Turing machines, as these computational models are not
directly applicable to the problem at hand. The core of your project involves Finite State
Machines (FSM), which is the primary computational model you will use. Let me clarify the
relevance of each model and why an FSM is sufficient for this project:

1. Finite Automata (FSM)

● Applicable to this project: Yes.


● Reason: The Traffic Light Controller system is essentially a deterministic finite
automaton (DFA), where each state (Red, Green, Yellow) is clearly defined, and the
transitions between states are triggered by the passage of time (which is analogous
to an input symbol). The system has no memory beyond the current state, and once
a transition is made, the system simply follows the next state.

FSM Design for Traffic Light Controller:

● States: Red, Green, Yellow


● Transitions:
○ Red → Green after 30 seconds
○ Green → Yellow after 60 seconds
○ Yellow → Red after 5 seconds
● Inputs: Timers, which trigger state changes after the set durations (Red: 30s, Green:
60s, Yellow: 5s).

Since FSM is already the correct computational model for your project, you don't need to
introduce more complex models like context-free grammar or Turing machines. They are
generally used for more complex problems:

2. Context-Free Grammars (CFG)

● Applicable to this project: No.


● Reason: Context-free grammars are typically used to define the syntax of
programming languages or to model languages that require nested structures (such
as arithmetic expressions or programming constructs). The Traffic Light Controller
doesn't have nested structures or require parsing language constructs, so you don't
need a CFG for this problem.

3. Turing Machines

● Applicable to this project: No.


● Reason: A Turing machine is a theoretical model of computation used to solve
problems that can be computed by a machine with an unlimited memory tape. Turing
machines are generally used for problems where unbounded memory or more
complex computation (like decision problems, halting problems, etc.) is required. The
Traffic Light Controller, being a finite system with a clear set of states and transitions,
doesn't require the power of a Turing machine.

Summary:

For your Traffic Light Controller project:

● Finite State Machine (FSM) is the only relevant model you need.
○ It's ideal for modeling systems with a limited number of states and transitions,
which perfectly matches the requirements of the traffic light system.

You don't need to design context-free grammars (CFG) or Turing machines for this
project. The FSM model is sufficient to handle the task effectively. Let me know if you'd like
more detail on FSM or need help with any other aspect!

1. Define FSM States: Red, Green, Yellow

The traffic light system will consist of 3 main states:

● Red: This state stops vehicles and allows pedestrians to cross. It is the default
starting state.
● Green: This state allows vehicles to move.
● Yellow: This state is a warning that the light will soon turn red, signaling vehicles to
slow down.

State Transitions:

● Red → Green: After the Red light duration expires (e.g., 30 seconds).
● Green → Yellow: After the Green light duration expires (e.g., 60 seconds).
● Yellow → Red: After the Yellow light duration expires (e.g., 5 seconds).

Inputs:

● Timer: The FSM transitions between states based on time intervals (e.g., a timer
starts when the light turns Red).

Outputs:

● The light color is the output for each state (Red, Green, Yellow).
● In terms of FSM, the outputs are tied to each state.
2. Identify Inputs and Outputs

Inputs:

● Timer Expiry: The only input that triggers state transitions. Each light state has a
fixed duration before transitioning to the next state.

Outputs:

● Red Light: Turns on when in the "Red" state.


● Green Light: Turns on when in the "Green" state.
● Yellow Light: Turns on when in the "Yellow" state.

3. Create a State Transition Diagram

A state transition diagram visually represents how the system moves between states. It
shows the states, the transitions between them, and the inputs (triggers) that cause the
transitions.

State Transition Diagram:


+---------+
| Red |
| |--------(Timer expires: 30s)----->(Green)
+---------+ |
^ |
| v
(Timer expires: 5s) +---------+
+---------+ | Yellow |
| Green |--------(Timer expires: 60s)----->(Red)
+---------+

● Red → Green: After 30 seconds, transition to Green.


● Green → Yellow: After 60 seconds, transition to Yellow.
● Yellow → Red: After 5 seconds, transition to Red.

4. Create the Transition Table

The transition table describes the FSM states, the input (trigger), and the resulting state
transition.

Current State Input (Trigger) Next State

Red Timer expires (30s) Green


Green Timer expires (60s) Yellow

Yellow Timer expires (5s) Red

5. Write the Pseudocode for the FSM Logic

The pseudocode will outline the logic of the FSM and how state transitions happen based
on the timer input.

FSM Pseudocode:
# Define states
RED = "Red"
GREEN = "Green"
YELLOW = "Yellow"

# Initialize the state


current_state = RED

# Timer durations (in seconds)


timer_red = 30
timer_green = 60
timer_yellow = 5

# Function to simulate the traffic light FSM


def traffic_light_fsm():
global current_state
while True:
if current_state == RED:
print("RED light ON")
wait(timer_red) # Wait for 30 seconds
current_state = GREEN # Transition to Green

elif current_state == GREEN:


print("GREEN light ON")
wait(timer_green) # Wait for 60 seconds
current_state = YELLOW # Transition to Yellow

elif current_state == YELLOW:


print("YELLOW light ON")
wait(timer_yellow) # Wait for 5 seconds
current_state = RED # Transition to Red

# Timer simulation function (using time.sleep for simulation)


def wait(seconds):
import time
time.sleep(seconds)
# Run the FSM
traffic_light_fsm()

Key Points for Pseudocode:

● State Definition: The states (Red, Green, Yellow) are defined as constants.
● Initial State: The FSM starts in the Red state (current_state = RED).
● Transition Logic: Based on the current_state, the FSM waits for the appropriate
time (e.g., time.sleep(30) for Red) and then transitions to the next state.
● Looping: The while True loop ensures the FSM runs continuously.

Summary of Week 3 Deliverables:

1. FSM State Diagram: A diagram showing the 3 states (Red, Green, Yellow) and their
transitions.
2. FSM Transition Table: A table that outlines the current state, the input (timer expiry),
and the next state.
3. FSM Pseudocode: The pseudocode that outlines how the FSM logic operates,
including state transitions and the use of timers.

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