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Lesson 1 Matter and Its Properties Autosaved

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17 views43 pages

Lesson 1 Matter and Its Properties Autosaved

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alecjerieasuncion
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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WORD HUNTING

DIRECTION: LOOK /SEARCH


FOR SOME FAMILIAR WORDS
THAT ARE RELATED TO OUR
SUBJECT.
.
• Describe and/or
• Explain the meaning make a • Distinguish
of matter. representation of between physical
the arrangement, and chemical
relative spacing, properties ,
and relative physical and
motion of the chemical change.
particles in each
of the three
phases of matter.
Particulate
nature
of matter
Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and
behavior of MATTER.

- It is a natural science that covers the elements that


make up matter to the compounds composed of atoms,
molecules and ions: their composition, structure,
properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during
a reaction with other substances
⮚Matter is anything that occupies space and has
mass.
⮚any substance that has mass and takes up
space by having volume.

⮚Mass – amount or quantity of matter


⮚Volume – amount of space occupied
the types and the
amounts of atoms characteristics
that make up a that give each
sample of matter substance a
unique identity.
• Properties of matter allow us to distinguish between
substances and classify them.

• Can reveal the identity of an unknown substance.

• Divided into two groups:


❖ PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
❖ CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
.
- a characteristic that can be observed or measured
without changing the identity or composition of the
substance.

- characteristics that enable us to differentiate one


material from another.

- Characteristics that can be determined without


changing the substance’s chemical identity.
Example include:
– Color
– Odor
– Taste
– Size
– Physical state (liquid, gas, or solid)
– Density
Does not depend on Depend on the amount
the amount of of matter being
substance measured
• Density, boiling
point, • Mass, volume, length,
melting point, color, height, amount of
ability to conduct energy, etc.
electricity, etc.
- Ability of a substance to combine with or change into
one or more other substances i.e. ability of a
substance to undergo a chemical reaction
- Determined only by changing a substance’s molecular
structure.

- A change in a substance’s chemical structure is


observed.
Consider terms such as:
– burn
– rot
– rust
– decompose
– ferment
– explode
– oxidize
– corrode
– grow
– precipitate
– gas formation
– digest
1. Heat of Combustion
- Energy released when a compound undergoes
burning with oxygen

2. Flammability

-refers to whether a compound will burn when


exposed to flame.
3. Reactivity
- matter to combine chemically with other substances

4. Toxicity

-refers to the extent to which a chemical element or a


combination of chemicals may harm an organism.
5. Oxidation State
- ability of a substance to gain or lose electrons during a
chemical reaction

6. Radioactivity

-ability of a substance to emit radiation as a result of the


decay of its atomic nuclei.
A state of matter is one of the distinct forms that
different phases of matter takes on. Four states of
matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas,
and plasma.
▪ Very rigid
▪ Can’t be compressed
▪ Has a definite shape
▪ Has a fixed volume
▪ Most dense
▪ Less rigid
▪ Can’t be compressed
▪ Takes form on it’s
container
▪ Has a volume
▪ Less dense
▪ Least rigid
▪ Can be compressed
▪ Takes form on it’s
container
▪ Has a indefinite
volume
▪ Least dense
Matter can be studied from two points of view:

Matter is composed
⮚ Matter looks
of particles (atoms)
continuous and
so small as to be
visible to the naked
visible only with a
eye.
microscope
Rock
(Solid)
Water
(liquid)
Gas
- occurs when a substance alters its state (phase
change), but does not change its chemical composition

- Depend on temperature and pressure

- can be classified as reversible or irreversible


– occurs when a substance is converted into a new or
different substance or Change in the composition of a
substance
• Also referred to as a chemical reaction
• Chemical reaction consists of reactants and products

reactants – starting substances


products – substances which are form/produce
Particulate
Classification
of
nature
Matter
of matter
Classification of Matter
Every pure substance has exactly the
same characteristic, properties and
composition. It can be classified as
element or compound.
– simplest form of matter

• Consists only of one kind of atom


• Building blocks for other substances
• Elements are organised on the periodic table,
based on their properties .
• Consists of name and symbol
• 92 naturally occurring elements, 25 synthesized
– a substance that consists of two or more elements chemically bonded
• Compound is always composed of the same elements,
in the same proportion by mass
– Represented by a formula e.g. NaCl, H2O

• Most of matter in the universe exists as compounds


• Compounds can be synthesized or decomposed

• Synthesis – combination of elements to form compounds

• Decomposition – splitting of compounds into their individual elements


- combination of two or more substances in which each substance
retains its individual properties

• Mixtures can be separated by physical methods

- Based on the distribution of the components


– a mixture in which the composition throughout is uniform.
Another term for this mixture is SOLUTION

• Solute - substance in a smaller amount, which is dissolved in


the solvent
• Solvent - the liquid in which the solution is made of and is in a
greater amount.
– the composition is not uniform
• Therefore, individual components can be distinguished
• May form suspensions, lumps due to insolubility
• Mixture can easily be separated by physical
methods e.g. Filtration
• E.g. Sand and water

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