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Life Process by San

The document discusses the four essential life processes: nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion. It explains the types of nutrition (autotrophic and heterotrophic), the process of photosynthesis, and the digestive systems of different organisms, including humans and amoeba. Additionally, it highlights the importance of chlorophyll in photosynthesis and the role of various enzymes and organs in human digestion.

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19 views3 pages

Life Process by San

The document discusses the four essential life processes: nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion. It explains the types of nutrition (autotrophic and heterotrophic), the process of photosynthesis, and the digestive systems of different organisms, including humans and amoeba. Additionally, it highlights the importance of chlorophyll in photosynthesis and the role of various enzymes and organs in human digestion.

Uploaded by

sxahzz0
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Life process is basic and essential function , we have to study 4 life process those are

nutrition , respiration , transportation and excretion, nutrition is process of obtaining and


utilizing of food . how do we obtain food ? by animals and plants but what about plants ?
they make their own food . so all have different methods of obtaining food. Respiration is
not inhaling and exhaling , we obtain nutrition from food and get energy . respiration is
process of breaking down of food to get energy . in our body transportation is done .some
examples are like waste , blood and carbon dioxide. Transporatation is process of
transferring substance from one part of body to other. Excretion is process of removing
waste products .pooping is egestion not excretion .

Nutrition is of 2 types autotrophic and hetrotrophic , autotrophic nutrition are organism


which make their own food by inorganic substance like carbon dioxide and water some
examples are autotrphic bacteria and green plants . hetrotrophic are organsm which do not
make their own food . hetrotrohoc are of 3 types , these are holozoic , saprophytic and
parasitic . holozoic are livening organism they consume it and digest it insie there stomach ,
examples cows , humans , amoeba . saprophytic they feed on dead organism . if we bring
bread and leave some blue green things appears these organism feed on that some
examples are fungi , yeast , mushroom and some are parasitic are the organism they take
nutrition from another living organisms some examples are lice , leech ,tapeworm , cascuta
(amer-bel). Cascuta is a plant but it is an parasytic plant , there is no chlorophyl so even fi
ebing plant it is hetrotropic

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make food . plants take carbon dioxide ,
sunlight and water and in presence of sunlight reaction takes place . but this reaction takes
place in plants which have chlorophyll.what are essential for photosynthesis carbon
dioxide ,water,sunlight, chlorophyll.6co2+12h20=c6h1206+h2o+6o2.there are 3 steps those
are 1. Absorption of sunlight by chlorophyll .2) it converts light energy to chemical energy
and splits water into hydrogen and oxygen .3) hydrogen is reducing agent it reduces carbon
dioxide to carbohydrates and glucose.chlorophyll present inside chloroplast and this si the
site where photosynthesis takes place.leaves are green becaysse of chloroplast..plants leaves
they have tiny openings which are called stomata . stomata opening and colseining is
controlled by guard cells like kidney beans .guard cell atkes place whenever water comes
inside it swells and stomata opens , carbon dioxide goes inside and now guard cells loose
water and stoata shrinks and closes . plants atke water from soil it atkes nitoirgen and
posporous with it like some minerals . nitrogen is always in form of nirtates and nitrites . the
glucose which plant do not utilize so they store in form of starch humans store in form of
glycogen.

Variegated leaf proves that clorophyll si essential in photosynthesis .n we boil this leaf and
put idoni . but why ?iodine is starch indicator. If iodine finds starch it turns blue and black
and in other place where no blue black . after boiling in water we boil it few minutes in
alcohol so the colour fade and we can see blue black si more visible

Glass jar experiment we take one plant and put glass ajr and seal thight woth vasenlinne so
no carbon dioxide and keep in sunlight now plants get sunlight and water and chlorophyll
but not getting carbon dioxide .we put koh in that koh absorbs all carbon dioxide .now no
starch formed if we do idone test blue black wont form this experciment proves till now no
cabon dioxide no food

Nutrition in ameoba . amoeba is unicellular organism .ameoba has a finger like projection
pseudopodia and take the food inside food vacuole . this complex foods are broken down by
simpler susbatnce by food vacuole. Now food is absorption is done in cytoplasm and
undigested food is thrown out

Nutrition is paramecium the difference between amoeba snd this is amoeba do not have
fixed shape . paramecium have definte shape both are unicellular . both are holozoic
nutrition.. food takes food by specific spot . like amoeba has pseudopodia like that
paramecium has hair like structure called cilia

Digestion in humans

Humans take food by mouth . teeth crushes and cuts food in small pieces . salivary glands
secretes saliva ,saliva has enzyme called saliva amalyse they break down starch(complex
carbohydrates) to simpler sugar . oespphagues or food pipe ,has peristaltic movement it
contracts and expansion of wall of food pipe and pushes food into stomach regulates the
food movement by contraction and expansion . food net goes to stomach like j shaped
stomach has a gland called gastrict gland gastrict gland gives gastric juices . gastric juice has
3 things hcl , pepsin , mucus .hcl prepares acedic medium sp pepsin can react and it kills
bacteria and all. pepsin digets all protein , mucus protects stomach from acid or else or
stomach will burn it protects stomach inner linning. Now food goes from stomach to small
intestine likes coil digestion mainly happens majority of digestion takes place in stomach, .
liver secrets bile juice which is stored gallbladder . bile juice makes food alkanline stomach
makes food acidic secrets bile juice they make food alkaline ,it halps in emulsification of fat it
breaks fat into small gobules fo fats . pancreas secretes pancreatic juice this pancreatic juice
it has 3 enzymes (only 2 given by ncert)trypsin and lipase . trypsin digests protein and lipase
the fats broken down in stomach emulsified fats is broken down more . small intestine is
longest part of alimentary canal. Anlimentary canal -from mouth to anal. Why small intestine
has finger like prohection called villi . villi has blood vessels , digest food is absorbed it
increases surface area for absorption of digestion now food gpes to blood vessles and we
utilize it .fat – fatty acid +glycerol , proties-ammino acid and carbohydrates -glucose , now
the unwasted food goes to large intestine they aborb necessary water , now unwanted food
is moved to anal

Herbivoores have longer small l=intenstine herbioveres eat plants anad plants have
ceelulouse which atkes longer time so herbivores have longer small intenstine . carnivores
eat meat which is easily digested so they have shorter intestine

In one tube we have starch and salt that salive will split starch and in another tube only
starch and if we put iodine on both starch would be left on on test tube b

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