STS REVIEWER

General Concepts and Historical Developments of - entities both material and immaterial, created by the
Science, Technology, and Society application of mental and physical effort in order to
achieve some value.
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY and SOCIETY
SOCIETY -is a group of individuals involved in persistent
- The study of how social, political, and cultural values
social inter action, or a large social group sharing the
affect scientific research and technological innovation
same social territory.
and these in turn affect society, politics and culture
Scientific revolution- Scientific ideas, humans, and
- STS teaches us to be Interdisciplinary
society
-refers to the endless cycle of co-dependence, co-
- An era of enlightenment and intellectualization
influence, co-production of technology and society
upon the other. Intellectual Revolutions that Defined Society
STS Cycles: Social Value, Scientific Research, Technology - Scientists are ordinary people doing
innovation. extraordinary things for humankind. In spite
- Refers to the endless cycle of co-dependence, of all the predicaments and challenges they
co-influence, co-production of technology and experienced, they never stopped
society upon the other. experimenting, theorizing, and discovering
new knowledge and ideas
MAN'S ACHIEVEMENTS in S and T 2 Elements

1. Discovery - the recognition and careful observation

Science and Technology in Society: Historical
of new natural objects and phenomena Perspective:

2. Invention - is a mental process wherein man's various ➤ Stone Age

discoveries and observations, combined and guided by
experience, lead man to make some other new ways ➤ Copper and Bronze Age
(operations) and means (tools) of obtaining things
➤Iron Age
useful or profitable.

What is SCIENCE? - knowledge acquired by careful

➤ Ancient Civilization
observation, by deduction (logic reasons to form a ➤ Medieval and Modern Technology
conclusion) of the laws which govern changes and
condition and by testing these deductions by ➤ Renaissance
experimentation.
➤Industrial Revolution
- It is an idea, an intellectual study, based on
observation and experimentation. ➤ Nineteenth Century
Scientific Method- is a series of processes that people ➤Twentieth Century
can use to gather knowledge about the world around
them, improve that knowledge, and, through gaining ➤Twenty First Century
knowledge, attempt to explain why and/or how things
occur. Nicolas Copernicus- is a renaissance men and an
astronomer. (planetary motion) A man of courage
- Attempt to explain why or how things occur.
Charles Darwin-Theory of evolution
BRANCHES OF SCIENCE:
Sigmund Freud- famous in the field of psychology.
1. Natural Science -seeks to understand the natural
(Psychoanalysis)
world and different processes
Lesson3: CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE
a) Physical Science (Chemistry, Physics, Earth,...)

b) Biological Science (Zoology, Botany, Anatomy...) ❖Development of science in Mesoamerica

2. Social Science - study of people, culture, societies ❖Development of Science in Asia.

Economics, Geography, History,)
❖Development of Science in Middle East
3C’s: Creativity, Curiosity, Critical thinking ❖Development of Science in Africa.

TECHNOLOGY - the use of science in industry,

engineering...etc to invent useful things or to solve
problems
STS REVIEWER
1. Development of science in Mesoamerica - Irrigation system and technique for storing water for
 It includes the entire area of Central their crops to grow in all types of land.
America from Southern Mexico up to the
• Calendar with 12 months to mark their religious
border of South America.
festivals and prepare them for planting season.
 Maya civilization lasted for approx. 2000
years. • The first suspension bridge.
 They incorporated their advanced
• Quipu, a system of knotted ropes to keep records that
understanding of astronomy into their
only experts can interpret.
temples and other religious structures.
 Mayan knowledge and understanding about • Inca textiles since cloth was one of the specially prized
celestial bodies was advanced for their artistic achievements
times.
Aztec Civilization
- Predicting eclipses
- Using astrological cycles in planting and - Mandatory Education
harvesting. - Chocolates
- Antispasmodic medication
The Mayan Calendar System
- Chinampa
• Mayan is known for measuring time using two - Aztec calendar
complicated calendar systems. - Invention of canoe

• It is useful for their life especially in planning activities

2. Development of Science in ASIA
and observing religious rituals and cultural celebration.
• The biggest continent in the world.
The Cholk’in calendar combines twenty day names with
the thirteen day numbers to produce 260 unique days. • Considered as the home of many ancient civilization
It is used to determine the time of religious and
• The host of many cultural. Economic, scientific, and
ceremonial events and for divination. Each successive
political activities of all ages.
day is numbered from 1 up to 13 and then starting
again at 1. Separately from this, every day is given a Development of Science in ASIA: INDIA
name in sequence from a list of 20 day names:
• A huge peninsula surrounded by vast bodies of water
The Haab' was made up of eighteen months of twenty and fortified by huge mountains in its northern
days each plus a period of five days at the end of the boarders.
year known as Wayeb'.
• Known for manufacturing of iron and in metallurgical
Developtment of Science in Mesoamerica: Mayan works.
Civilization
• Famous in medicine e.g. AYURVEDA.
 Mayans also developed technology for growing
different crops and building elaborate cities • AYURVEDA - a system of traditional medicine that
using ordinary machineries and tools. originated in ancient India before 2500 BC.
 Mayan built looms for weaving cloth. • Susruta Samhita
 Devised rainbow of glittery paints made from
mineral called MICA. • Spherical self-supporting earth
 Mayan Heiroglyphics - writing system of Mayan. • Year of 360 days with 12 equal parts of 30 days each.
 Mayan are considered one of most scientifically • Siddhanta Shiromani - the interest in astronomy was
advanced societies in mesoamerica. evident in this book.
 They are skilled in mathematics.
 Created number system based on the numeral • Indus Valley Civilization- The people in this civilization
20. tried to standardize measurement of length to a high
degree of accuracy and a designed ruler. (Mohenjodaro
 Developed the concept of zero and positional
Ruler)
value eve before Roman did.
• Aryabhatiya- Introduced a number of trigonometric
INCA CIVILIZATION
functions, tables, and techniques as well as algorithms
• Famous in mesoamerica. of algebra.
- Roads paved with stones. - Aryabhata- first of the major mathematician
- Aryabhatiya: place value system, approximation
- Stone building that surmounted earthquakes and
of pie
other disasters.
STS REVIEWER
- Brahmagupta- define the properties of the - Public and private schools ( focus on nature
number zero. studies and sanitation)
- Modern research university ( University of the
Development of Science in ASIA: CHINA
Philippines)
• Traditional Medicine - acupuncture
Government Policies on Science and Technology
• Compass, papermaking, gunpowder, printing tools.
Cluster 1: Social Sciences, Humanities, Education,
• Astronomy - heavenly bodies, Lunar calendars and International Policies and Governance

3. Development of Science in MIDDLE EAST Cluster 2: Physics, Engineering and Industrial

Research, Earth and Space Sciences, and
• Dominantly occupied by Muslims Mathematics
• Greater value on science experiments. Cluster 3: Medical, Chemical, and Phamaceutical
• Hasan Ibn al-Haytham Sciences

- An Arab Mathematician, astronomer, and physicist of Cluster 4: Biological Sciences, Agriculture, and
the Islamic Golden age. Foresty

- Father of Optics. Program:

• Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi Balik Scientist Program(2015) - Act11035 and Signed
by Ninoy Aquino
- concept of the algorithm in mathematics
Other Fields of Research That the Country is
4. Development of science in AFRICA Looking Forward to Embark on Researches and
Projects
•Development of geometry
- Use of alternative & safe energy
•Center of alchemy
- Harnessing mineral resources
• Studied human anatomy and pharmacology - Finding cure for various diseases and illness
- Climate change & global warming
•Astronomy
- Increasing food production
• Mathematics - Preservation of natural resources
- Coping with natural disasters & calamities
The Philippine Government Science and Technology - Infrastructure development
Agenda
Prominent Filipinos in the Field of Science:
PRE-SPANISH PHILIPPINES:
Ten Filipino Scientists:
- The early inhabitants had their own belief
system and indigenous knowledge system. 1. Ramon Cabanos Barba- for his outstanding research
- Science is observed in the way they interpreted on tissue culture in Philippine mangoes
the movements of heavenly bodies to predict
2. Lourdes Jansuy Cruz- famous scientist on sea snail
season and climates and organizing dates and
venom
month and years.
3. Josefino Cacas Comiso- for his works on observing
Some prehistoric beliefs and practices: Tangad,
the characteristic of Antarctica by using satellite images
Piloncitos, babaylan, karakoa, baybayin
4. Fabian Millar Dayrit- for his research on herbal
SPANISH ERA:
medicine
- Spaniard brought with them their own culture
5. Jose Bejar Cruz, Jr.- internationally known in the field
and practices.
of Electrical Engineering
- Established schools for boys and girls
- The beginning of School of Science and 6. Mari-jo Panganiban Ruiz- outstanding educator and
Technology graph theorist
- Medicine and advanced science (University of
7. Rafael Dineros Guerrero III-for his research on tilapia
Sto. Tomas)
culture
AMERICAN ERA:
8. Lilian Formalejo Patena- for doing research on plant
- Established the public education system, and biotechnology
improve the engineering works and the health
conditions of the people.
STS REVIEWER
9. Gregory Ligot Tangonan-research on the field of
communication technology

10. Enrique Mapua Ostera, Jr. -research on drugs

Other Filipino Scientists:

Caesar A. Saloma - an internationally renowned

physicist

Edgardo Gomez - famous scientist in marine science

William Padolina - chemistry and president of National

Academy of Science and Technology (NAST)-Philippines

Angel Alcala - marine science

Emil Q. Javier-famous for his works in developing rural

agriculture

Science Education in the Philippines:

Teaching Science- - involves creating ways on how to

successfully teach science by exploring pedagogical
theories and models to help teachers teach scientific
concepts and processes effectively.

Learning Science

- includes helping students appreciate learning science

and get involved in science activities

- entails using science process skills and developing high

level of science literacy

1. Science in the University of the Philippines System

2. DOST- Funded Scholarship

3. Science Education in Basic Education

 Regional Science High schools

 Philippine Science High School System
 Special Science Education Project
 Quezon City Regional Science High School
 Manila Science High School

Indigenous Science and Technology in the Philippines