MISAMIS UNIVERSITY Prepared by: GENELYN R.

BALUYOS, EdD Document Code: Module

Ozamiz City Faculty CED-MOD-STRAT02 Reference No.
Office of the Vice President Checked by: ARIEL R. CLARIN, PhD Revision Date: Units:
for Academic Affairs Program Chairman 3.0
Reviewed by: PERLITO D. JOMUAD, EdD Revision No.: Subject Code:
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Dean 0 STRAT02
LEARNING MODULE Approved by: ARIEL R. CLARIN, PhD Prerequisite: Co-requisite:
VPAA/Director for Instruction None None
Descriptive Title: Teaching Science in Elementary Grades (Biology and Chemistry)

Module 1.2
Observing, Describing, and Classifying Matter

I. Course Outcome : CO1. Investigate the basic science concepts and processes in
Chemistry through hands-on activities for elementary level.
II. Learning Outcome/s : LO1.3. Observe and describe materials based on noticeable
characteristics, properties, and changes they undergo.
III. Time Frame : 3 hrs

IV. Introduction :
In this session, you will observe, describe, and classify matter based on noticeable
characteristics, properties, and changes they undergo. Specifically, you will describe
characteristics of different objects based on the shape and space they occupy; classify objects as
to solid, liquid, and gas according to some characteristics; classify materials based on their
ability to absorb water, float, sink and undergo decay; and examine the properties of materials to
determine whether useful or harmful.
Below are key concepts for reading. Details of these concepts are discussed further in the
hand-outs attached herein.
Matter

Matter is everything around you. Atoms and compounds are all made of very small parts of
matter. Those atoms go on to build the things you see and touch every day. Matter is defined as
anything that has mass and takes up space (it has volume).

What is mass? Mass is the amount of matter in an object. You might have a small object with a
lot of mass such as a statue made of lead (Pb). You might have a large object with very little
mass such as a balloon filled with helium (He). You should also know there is a difference
between mass and weight. Mass is a measure of the matter in an object while weight is a measure
of gravity’s pull on an object.

What is volume? Volume is the amount of space something occupies. Words such as big, little,
long, or short are used to describe volumes. A marble takes up a small volume while a star
occupies a large volume. Different states of matter will fill volumes in different ways.

Even though matter can be found all over the Universe, you will only find it in a few forms
 MISAMIS UNIVERSITY Prepared by: GENELYN R. BALUYOS, EdD Document Code: Module
Ozamiz City Faculty CED-MOD-STRAT02 Reference No.
Office of the Vice President Checked by: ARIEL R. CLARIN, PhD Revision Date: Units:
for Academic Affairs Program Chairman 3.0
Reviewed by: PERLITO D. JOMUAD, EdD Revision No.: Subject Code:
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Dean 0 STRAT02
LEARNING MODULE Approved by: ARIEL R. CLARIN, PhD Prerequisite: Co-requisite:
VPAA/Director for Instruction None None
Descriptive Title: Teaching Science in Elementary Grades (Biology and Chemistry)

(states) on Earth. We cover five states of matter on the site. Each of those states is sometimes
called a phase. There are many other states of matter that exist in extreme environments.
Scientists will probably discover more states of matter as we continue to explore the Universe.

Five States of Matter

What are the main states of matter? Everyone should know about solids, liquids, gases,
and plasmas. Scientists have always known about solids, liquids, and gases. Plasma was a new
idea when it was identified by William Crookes in 1879. We also like to talk about the Bose-
Einstein condensate (BEC). It’s a fun state of matter when you remove almost all energy from a
system. The scientists (Cornell, Ketterle, and Wieman) who worked with the Bose-Einstein
condensate received a Nobel Prize for their work in 2001.

What makes a state of matter? It's all about the physical state and energy in the atoms and
molecules. Think about solids. Physical properties of a solid often include "hard" and "brittle."
Liquids are fluidy, move around a little, and fill up containers. Gases are always around you, but
the molecules of a gas are much farther apart than the molecules in a liquid. If a gas has an odor,
you’ll often be able to smell it before you can see it. The BEC is all about atoms that are closer
and less energetic than atoms in a solid.

Changing States of Matter

What is a physical change in matter? Molecules can move from one physical state to another
(phase change) and not change their atomic structure. Oxygen (O2) gas has the same chemical
properties as liquid oxygen. The liquid state is colder and denser (less energy), but the molecules
are the same. Water (H2O) is another example. A water molecule is made up of
two hydrogen (H) atoms and one oxygen (O) atom. It has the same molecular structure whether
it is a gas, liquid, or solid. Although its physical state may change because of different amounts
of energy, its atomic structure remains the same.

So what is a chemical change in matter? Let's start with that glass of pure water. If the formula of
 MISAMIS UNIVERSITY Prepared by: GENELYN R. BALUYOS, EdD Document Code: Module
Ozamiz City Faculty CED-MOD-STRAT02 Reference No.
Office of the Vice President Checked by: ARIEL R. CLARIN, PhD Revision Date: Units:
for Academic Affairs Program Chairman 3.0
Reviewed by: PERLITO D. JOMUAD, EdD Revision No.: Subject Code:
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Dean 0 STRAT02
LEARNING MODULE Approved by: ARIEL R. CLARIN, PhD Prerequisite: Co-requisite:
VPAA/Director for Instruction None None
Descriptive Title: Teaching Science in Elementary Grades (Biology and Chemistry)

water were to change, that would be a chemical change. If you could add a second oxygen atom
to a water (H2O) molecule, you would have hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The molecules would not
be "water" anymore. In reality, there are a variety of steps that go into creating hydrogen
peroxide from water.

Physical changes are related to changes in the immediate environment such as temperature,
pressure, and other physical forces. Chemical changes occur when the bonds between atoms in a
compound are created or destroyed. Generally, the basic chemical structure does not change
when there is a physical change. Of course, in extreme environments such as the Sun, no
molecule is safe from destruction.

V. Learning Materials :
VI. Supplementary http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_intro.html
Learning Resources :

VII. Learning Activities : 1. School-based Activities:

1.1. Lecture on “Observing, Describing and
Classifying Matters”.
A. Guide Questions:
a. What is matter?
b. Differentiate the three states of matter.
c. How are matter classified and grouped?
d. What are the properties of matter?
1.2. Student do an hands-on activities (by group)
on the following:
a. Describing the Objects’ Shape and Space Occupied
(G1)
b. Classifying Materials that Float or Sink, Absorbent
or non Absorbent)
c. Identifying Materials That are Useful and Harmful
1.3. Students present the output to the class for
discussion.
 MISAMIS UNIVERSITY Prepared by: GENELYN R. BALUYOS, EdD Document Code: Module
Ozamiz City Faculty CED-MOD-STRAT02 Reference No.
Office of the Vice President Checked by: ARIEL R. CLARIN, PhD Revision Date: Units:
for Academic Affairs Program Chairman 3.0
Reviewed by: PERLITO D. JOMUAD, EdD Revision No.: Subject Code:
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Dean 0 STRAT02
LEARNING MODULE Approved by: ARIEL R. CLARIN, PhD Prerequisite: Co-requisite:
VPAA/Director for Instruction None None
Descriptive Title: Teaching Science in Elementary Grades (Biology and Chemistry)

2. Home Based Activities:

2.1. Students read the topic on States of Matter and
the Changes it Undergoes.
A. Guide Activities:
1. Make a list of 10 objects or materials that you
see at home. Identify them as to solid, liquid, or
gas. Describe the characteristics of each object.
2. Get a paper and cut them into pieces. What
happened to the paper? Do the properties of
paper change? What change does it undergo?
3. Get a piece of paper and burn it on the flame of
the candle. What happened to the paper? Does
the appearance of the paper change? What
change does it undergo?
4. List down three materials at home that undergo
physical change and another three materials
that undergo chemical change.
5. Aside from chemical and physical change, what
are other changes in matter that they undergo
when expose to temperature? Relate it to the
process in Water cycle.
2.2. Students perform the activities above and
submit the output in MU-OLE.
VIII. Equipment : None
IX. Student Feedback : Your feedback is important. Please don’t leave this blank. This
portion will allow us to evaluate how this module is going.
Your feedback will help improve this module for future
revision.

1. Which part of this module did you find interesting? Why?

 MISAMIS UNIVERSITY Prepared by: GENELYN R. BALUYOS, EdD Document Code: Module
Ozamiz City Faculty CED-MOD-STRAT02 Reference No.
Office of the Vice President Checked by: ARIEL R. CLARIN, PhD Revision Date: Units:
for Academic Affairs Program Chairman 3.0
Reviewed by: PERLITO D. JOMUAD, EdD Revision No.: Subject Code:
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Dean 0 STRAT02
LEARNING MODULE Approved by: ARIEL R. CLARIN, PhD Prerequisite: Co-requisite:
VPAA/Director for Instruction None None
Descriptive Title: Teaching Science in Elementary Grades (Biology and Chemistry)

2. Which part of this module did you consider challenging? Why?