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Trigonometric
Functions

Mathematics / Solutions / PKT – I / Trigonometric Functions ... 1

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Take-Off

tan   3 tan  – 3 c–b

1. L.H.S = tan     sin2 x(a – b)  c – b  sin2 x 
1– 3 tan  1  3 tan  a–b

 cos2 x  1– sin2 x

tan – 3tan    tan 31
3
 
3tan  tan – 3 1– 3tan  
c–b a–c
1– 3tan2   1– 
a–b a–b



3 3tan  – tan3    3 tan3  tan2 x 
c–b b–c

1– 3 tan2  a–c c–a
k = 3 Similarly, we can find
a–d
tan2 y 
    d–b
2.  1  sin      2 cos  –  
4  4  a2 tan2 y a–d c–a
   
      b2 tan2 x d–b b–c
 1  sin cos   cos sin   2 cos cos   sin sin 
4 4  4 4 
5.  sin2   cos4   sin2   cos2   cos2 
1
 1 (sin   cos )  (sin   cos ) 2
2  sin2   cos2   cos2   1
 
 1  1
 1   2  (sin   cos ) … (i)
 2 
Thus, A  sin2   cos4   1 … (i)
 
 sin   cos   2 cos   –  Again A  sin2   cos4   1– cos2   cos4 
 4
From (i),  1  cos 4  – cos2 
 
 1   
1   2   2 cos   –  2
 2  4  1 1
  1   cos2  –  –
 Maximum value of the given expression  2 4
 1  3  1
2
1   2 2  4
  cos2  – 
 2  4  2
2
3  1
3.  2 sin   cos   sin   sin   sin(    )  as  cos2 –   0 … (ii)
4  2
 2sin   cos   sin   sin   sin  cos   cos  sin   From (i) and (ii),
 2 sin  cos   sin   sin  sin  cos   cos  sin  sin  3
 A 1
Dividing by sin  cos  sin  , we get 4

2 cot   cot   cot  6.  2x = 2 sin( – ) sin( – )

 cot , cot, cot are in AP 2x = cos( – – + ) – cos( – + – )
and 2y = 2 sin(–) sin( – )
 tan , tan, tan are in HP 2y = cos(– – + ) – cos(– + – )
and 2z = 2 sin(–) sin( – )
a2 tan2 y
4. We have to find the value of , i.e. . 2z = cos(– – + ) – cos(– + – )
b 2 tan2 x 2x + 2y + 2z = 0  x + y + z = 0
As cos( – – + ) = cos(– + – )
 a tan x  b tan y
Given that
 cos(–)  cos 
cos(– – + ) = cos( – + – )
asin2 x  bcos2 x  c  asin2 x  b(1– sin2 x)  c and cos(– – + ) = cos(– + – )

Mathematics / Solutions / PKT – I / Trigonometric Functions ... 2

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7. 2 cos
A B
cos
A –B
1 cos11  sin11  cos11 1  tan11
10. LHS 
2 2 cos11 – sin11 cos11 1 – tan11
 A–B
 2  cos  cos 1 tan 45  tan11
6 2 
1– tan 45  tan11
3 A –B = tan(45° + 11°)
 2  cos 1 = tan56° = R.H.S.
2 2

A –B 1 11.  cosecA + secA = cosecB + secB

cos 
2 3 1 1 1 1
 –  –
A B A–B sin A sinB cosB cos A
cos A – cosB  –2 sin  sin
2 2 sinB – sin A cos A – cosB
 
A B A –B sinA sinB cos A cosB
 2sin  sin
2 2 sin A sinB sin A – sinB
 
cos A cosB cosB – cos A
 A –B
 2 sin  1 – cos2
6 2 A B A –B
2cos sin
 tan A tanB  2 2
1 1 2 A B A –B
 2  1–  2 sin sin
2 3 3 2 2

8. Let y  sin  sin  A B

 cot
2
1
y   2sin  sin 
2 12. LHS = cos + cos + cos + cos( +  + )
= (cos + cos) + [cos + cos( +  + )]
1
 cos( – ) – cos(  )
2   –     2 
 2cos cos  2cos cos
2 2 2 2
1

2
cos( – ) – cos 90      90      2  – 
 2cos cos  cos
2  2 2 
1
cos( – )
2
     2  –  
 Maximum value of cos( – ) is 1.  
2 cos 2 2 

 
1  2cos 2 
 Maximum value of y is . 2      2  –  
2 –
 2 2 
cos 
 2 
9. (a) LHS = tan720° – cos270° – sin150° cos120°
= tan[90° × 8 + 0] – cos[90° × 3 + 0] –
sin(90° + 60°)cos(90° + 30°)        
 2cos 2cos   cos  
= 0 – 0 – cos60° × (–sin30°) 2   2   2 
1 1 1
         
2 2 4  4 cos   cos   cos  
 2   2   2 
cos(90  )sec(– )tan(180 – )
(b) LHS =
sec(360 – )sin(180  )cot(90 – )

– sin   sec   – tan 


sec   (– sin ) tan 
= –1

Mathematics / Solutions / PKT – I / Trigonometric Functions ... 3

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16. From the given information

  13
13. Given; tan  tan  cos   cos    A ; cos  cos   B
2 2 4
sin   sin   P ; sin  sin   Q
  15
tan tan 
2 2 8  A 2  P2  2  2  cos  cos   sin  sin  
 
1 – tan2    2  2  B  Q
cos       2 
 
1  tan2   17. If the angles are A, B, C.
 2 
Given is tan A  tanB  tanC  tan A tanB tanC
 
tan  tan  tan  A  B  C   0  A  B  C  n
 
Now tan   2 2  13 / 4  – 26

 2  1 – tan  tan  1– 15 7
2 2 8 18. We have,

 –26 
2 2x  cos  A  B  C  D   cos  A  B  C  D 
1–  676
 1–
 cos        7   49  – 627 2y  cos  A  B  C  D   cos  A  B  C  D 
2 676 723
 –26  1
1   49 2z  cos  A  B  C  D   cos  B  A  C  D 
 7 
and 2  x  y  z   0

14. cos2  – 6sin cos  3sin2   2

       
 
 1 – sin2  – 3 sin 2  3 sin2   2 19.  1  cos  1  cos 3  1  cos 5   1  cos 7 
 8  8  8  8
2
= 2sin  – 3 sin2  3
       
 4 –  cos2  3sin2  =  1  cos  1  cos 3   1  cos 3  1  cos 
 8  8  8  8
Now;
 2   2 
– 12  32   cos2  3sin2   12  32 =  1  cos  1  cos 3 
 8  8
– 10  –  cos 2  3sin2   10
1   
4 – 10  4 –  cos 2  3sin2   4  10 =  2  1  cos  2  1  cos3 
4 4  4

15. Given, 2     1   
=  1  cos  1  cos3 
4 4  4
 
 cot   cot  
 2  1 1  1 
= 1   1  
4 2  2
  
cos  
 cot    2   6   1
  but cos    cos   
sin    18  3 2
 2 
1  7   4  1  7 
= sin   cos    sin  
 –  2  18   18  4  18 
Multiplying and dividing by 2 sin  
 2 
1  7   4  1  7 
= 4 2sin  18  cos  18    4 sin  18 
–           
2 sin   cos  
 2   2 
 cot 
–    1   11   3   1  7 
2 sin   sin  2  = 4  sin  18   sin  18    4 sin  18 
 2          

sin  – sin  1   11   7  1  3 

 cot  = sin    sin    sin  
cos  – cos  4   18   18  4  18 

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1     1 1 1
= 4  2cos  2  .sin  9    4 . 2 23. sin15  2 3 (formula)
     2

1 1 1 1
[0]   and cos15  2  3 (formula)
= 2
4 8 8
 tan2A= tanB 1
and sin15cos75  sin15.cos15  (2  3)
Hence, True 4
1 1 1 Therefore, all these values are irrational and
= 1   
4 2 8 1
sin15 cos15  .2sin15 cos15
2
  3   1 1
20. Here, 3 sin4      sin4  3     .sin30  , which is rational.
  2   2 4
Therefore, (c) is the answer.
   
2 sin6      sin6  5    
  2   24. From given information,
p sin   qcos   a 
 4 4
 
6 6
= 3 cos   sin   2 cos   sin   pcos   qsin   b 
2 2 2
p q  a b
2

= 3 1  2 sin  cos   2 1  3 sin 

2 2 2
 cos2 
1 a  p b  q
f 1   f  1   
2 2 2 2 b  q a  p
= 3  6 sin  cos   2  6sin  cos   1

p2  a2  q2  b2
21. 3 cos ec20  sec 20  0
 b  q p  a
= tan 60 cosec20  sec 20

sin60 cos20  cos 60 sin20 25. From the given information
=
cos 60. sin20.cos 20 3 3
cos  A  B    cos A cosB  sin A sinB 
5 5
sin(60  20)
=
cos 60.sin20.cos 20 3
 sin A sinB cot A cot B  1 
5
sin 40
=
1 1  3
.sin20 cos20  sin A sinB   1  or 5sin A sinB  2
2
2  5
2sin20 cos20
= 4
1 BC BC
sin20 cos 20 cos B  cos C  2 cos . cos
2 26.
2 2

 A BC
22. 3(sin x  cos x)4  6(sin x  cos x)2  4(sin6 x  cos6 x)  2 cos   cos
 2 2  2
= 3(1  sin2x)2  6(1  sin2x)  4{(sin2 x  cos2 x)3
 A B C 
- 3sin2 x cos2 x(sin2 x  cos2 x)}  A  B  C    2  2  2  2 
 
= 3(1-2sin2x + sin2 2x) + 6 + 6 sin2x + 4{1 - 3sin2 x
cos 2 x} A BC
 2 sin cos
2 2
 3 2 
= 3{1-2sin2x + sin2 2x + 2 + 2sin2x} + 4 1  sin 2x 
 4 
= 13 + 3sin2 2x - 3sin2 2x
= 13

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27.  cos 12  cos 24   cos 48   cos 84 29. LHS

= (cos12° – cos48°) – (cos24° – cos84°) = cos . cos 2. cos 22  ... cos 2n1

1
12  48 48  12 24  84 84  24  2 sin  cos  cos 2. cos 22  ... cos 2n1
 2sin . sin  2sin . sin 2 sin 
2 2 2 2
1
 2 sin 30 sin18  2 sin 54  sin 30   . sin 2. cos 2. cos 22  ... cos 2n1 
= sin18° – sin(90° – 36°) 2 sin 
= sin18° – cos36° 1
 2 sin 2 cos 2. cos 22  ... cos 2n1
5 1 5 1 1 22 sin 
=  = 
4 4 2
1
Method 2: Given expression  sin 22 . cos 22  ... cos 2n 1
22 sin 
= (cos12° – cos24°) – (cos48° – cos84°) Proceeding this way, we get
= 2 sin18° sin6° – 2 sin66° sin18° = 2 sin18°(sin6° –
1
sin66°)  . sin 2n 
= 2sin18° (–2 sin30° cos36°) 2n sin 

 1 It is given that  

 2n     
= 4  sin18 cos36
 2 2n  1

1 1
 5  1  5  1
1  LHS  . sin     
 (2)  
2n sin  2n
 4  4  2
  


28.  x  X cos   Y sin  and y  Xsin Y cos  , 30.  We have to prove cot  1  cot  ,
2
 x 2  y 2  X cos   Y sin  2  X sin   Y cos 2 
i.e. cot  1  cot   0
= X2 + Y2 2
and xy = X cos   Y sin   X sin   Y cos  

cot 2
  
 X2  Y 2 sin . cos   XY cos2   sin2   Now cot
 
 1  cot   cot  1  2
1
2 2 

Now x 2  4 xy  y 2  X2  Y 2  4 X2  Y 2  2 cot
2
sin . cos   4 XY cos 2
  
2 cot2  2cot  cot2  1
 
 X2  Y 2  2 X2  Y 2 sin 2  4 XY cos 2
 2 2 2

 1  2 sin 2 X2  1  2 sin 2  Y 2  4 cos 2.XY 2cot
2
 Given that x2 + 4xy + y2 = aX2 + bY2,
 
 1  2 sin 2X 2  4 cos 2 XY  1  2 sin 2Y 2  aX 2  bY 2 cot 2  2 cot  1
 2 2
Equating the coefficients of X2, Y2 and XY from both 
2 cot
sides 2
1 + 2sin2  = a, 1 – 2 sin2  = b
2
  
  cot  1
and 4 cos2  = 0      2 
4  cot  1  cot  
2 
2 cot
  2
 a  1  2 sin2   3 and b  1  2 sin 2   1
4 4 2
  
Here  cot  1  0
 2 

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  1 1
and  0      0   , 33. As sin   and cos  
2 2 2 3

   1 1  1 1
 2 cot 0   and 0   cos     as,0   
2 6  3 2  3 2

 cot  1  cot   0  1 1  1 
2   and cos (0)    cos  
6 2

 cot  1  cot  {the sign changed as cosx is decreasing between
2
 
31. We have sin3x . sin3x  0,  }.
 2
1
= 3 sin x  sin 3x sin 3x  
 


4 and
6 3 2
3
 sin x sin 3x  1 sin2 3x  2
4 4    
3 1 1 2 3
 2 sin x sin 3 x    1  cos 6 x 
8 4 2   2 
3 1    , 
 cos 2x  cos 4 x   1  cos 6x  2 3 
8 8
1 3 3 1 34. Since, cos(   )  1
  cos 2x  cos 4 x  cos 6 x
8 8 8 8
     n
n
but 2      2 {as, ,  (, ) }
 sin3 x sin 3 x   Cm cos mx
m0     0 ...(1)

1 3 3 1 1
   cos 2x  cos 4x  cos 6 x Thus cos(  ) 
8 8 8 8 e

= C0  C1 cos x  C2 cos 2x  C3 cos 3x  ...  Cn cos nx 1

 cos 2   1 , which is true for four values
e
Comparing both sides, we see that n = 6
of  ;
as,  2  2  2
32.     /2 (given)
   (  / 2)  
taking tan of both sides  
35. As when    0,  ,tan   cot 
 4
 tan   tan( / 2  )
 tan   cot  Since, tan   1 and cot   1

 tan  tan   1  (tan )cot   1 and (cot )tan   1

again  (given)  t 4  t1 which only holds in (b).
   (  ) Hence (b) is the correct answer.
 tan   tan(  )
 2 4 8 16 
tan   tan  36. We have, 16 cos .cos .cos .cos 
 tan    15 15 15 15 
1  tan  tan 
= 16{cosA. cos2A.cos22 A. cos23 A
tan   tan 
 tan  
1 1 2
(where A = )
 2 tan   tan   tan  15
or tan   tan   2 tan   sin 24 A 
Therefore, (c) is the answer. = 16  4 
 2 sin A 

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 2   32   2  A B B C C A
sin24   sin   tan tan  tan tan  tan tan  1
 sin  2   2 2 2 2 2 2
 15   15    15 
= =
2  2   2   A B C
sin sin   sin   Dividing both sides by tan
15  15   15  tan tan , we get
2 2 2

2 A B C A B C
sin cot  cot  cot  cot cot cot
= 15 1 2 2 2 2 2 2
2
sin
15
39.  A BC  

A B C 
37. sin12 sin48 sin54    
2 2 2 2
1
= (2sin12 sin48)sin54 A B  C
2    
2 2 2 2
1
= cos(36)  cos(60) sin54 
A B  C
tan     tan   
2
 2 2 2 2
1 1 A B B C C A
= cos 36   sin 54  tan tan  tan tan  tan tan  1 ... (i)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

1 A B C
= {2cos36 sin54  sin54} Let tan  x, tan  y, tan  z .
4 2 2 2
 From (i), xy + yz + zx = 1 ... (ii)
1 We know that
= {sin90  sin18  sin54}
4
x  y 2 ( y  x)2  ( z  x)2  0
1  5 1 5  1
= 1 
4  4

4 
  
 2 x 2  y 2  z 2  2xy  yz  zx 
2 2
x  y  z 1 2
 xy  yz  zx  1
1  5  1  5  1
= 1   A B C
4  4   tan 2  tan 2  tan 2  1
2 2 2
1  1 1
= 1   
4  2 8 40.  cos  , cos , cos   are in HP,,
2 cos    cos   
38.  A B  C    cos  
cos     cos   


A B C 
  
2 2 2 2  cos  

2 cos2   sin 2  
2 cos . cos 
B C  A
     cos2  cos   cos2   sin2 
2 2 2 2
 sin2   cos2 1  cos 
B C  A
 tan     tan      
2
2 2 2 2   2 sin cos 
2
2 sin   2 2
 cos   
B C 1  cos  2 
tan  tan 2 sin
 2 2  cot A  1 2
B C 2 tan A 2 2 
1  tan tan  cos   2 cos
2 2 2 2

A B C A B C  
 tan tan  tan tan  1  tan tan  cos2  . sec 2  2  cos . sec   2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

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41.  A B  C   1 1 1  3
 A B   C
 1   2  1   2  
2 2 2  2
 tan A  B   tan   C  = RHS

tan A  tan B 43. Here LHS contains x, 3x, 9x and 27x, whereas RHS
   tan C ... (i)
1  tan A tan B contains 27x and x only. So we manipulate the term
as shown below.
 C is obtuse angle,  tanC is negative
 –tanC is positive 1
RHS = tan 27x  tan x
2
tan A  tan B
 From (i), 0
1  tan A tan B 1
 tan 27x  tan 9x   tan 9x  tan 3x   tan 3x  tan x 
2
 C is obtuse angle  A and B will be both less than
  sin27x sin9x   sin9x sin3x  
[  A, B, C are the angles of triangle]        
2 1  cos27x cos9x   cos9x cos3x  

 tanA and tanB are positive. 2   sin3x sin x  
 1 – tanA tanB > 0     
  cos3x cos x  
 tanA tanB < 1
1  sin 27x cos 9x  cos 27x sin9x 
=  
7  5 3 2  cos 27x cos 9x 
42. We have  and 
8 8 8 8
 sin 9 x cos 3 x  cos 9 x sin 3 x 
7  5 3   

 cos   cos and cos   cos  cos 9 x cos 3x 
8 8 8 8
 LHS  sin 3x cos x  cos3x sin x  
 
4  3 5 7  cos 3x cos x 
= cos  cos 4  cos 4  cos 4
8 8 8 8
1 sin18x sin6x sin2x 
 3  3  
4

4     
 cos 4  cos 4    cos     cos  2  cos27x cos9x cos9x cos3x cos3x cosx 
8 8  8   8
1  2 sin 9 x cos 9 x 2 sin 3x cos 3 x 2 sin x cos x 
  3      
 2cos4  cos4  2  cos 27 x cos 9 x cos 9 x cos 3 x cos 3x cos x 
 8 8 
sin 9 x sin 3 x sin x
 2 2    = LHS
  3   cos 27 x cos 9 x cos 3 x
 2 cos 2    cos 2  
 8  8  
 
tan x
2 2 44. Let y 
    3  tan 3x
 1  cos   1  cos  
 2  4   4  
 2   2   tan x 1  3 tan 2 x
 y 
     3 tan x  tan x 3
3  tan 2 x
    
1  3 tan 2 x
 2 2
2   3   3 y  y tan 2 x  1  3 tan 2 x
 1  cos   1  cos  
4  4  4  
   ( y  3) tan 2 x  1  3 y   0
 2 2 3y  1
1  1   1    tan 2 x 
 1  1  y3
2  2  
 2  
 

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3y  1 1  cos2 y
For tanx to be real, y  3  0 47. cos2 x  tan2 y 
cos2 y
3y  1
Sign scheme of y  3 will be as follows. 1  tan2 z cos2 z  sin2 z 2cos2 z  1
  
2 2
tan z sin z 1  cos2 z
1
Numerator = 0  3y – 1 = 0  y =
3 2 tan2 x  1

Denominator = 0  y – 3 = 0  y = 3 1  tan2 x

+ – 3 + 2 1  t   t
where t = cos2 x
1 t
3 t  1  t 

3y  1 1 t(2t – 1) = 2 – 3t
 0  y
y3 3 or y > 3 1  5
 2t 2  2t  2  0  t   t  0
2
1
 y never lies between and 3.
3  cos 2x  2cos2 x  1

45. Let y = sin6x + cos6x  1  5  1  5  2

   cos x 
 sin2 x
3 2 3
48. We have,
2 3
 sin x  cos x   3 sin
2 2 3 2

x cos 2 x sin2 x  cos 2 x  
cos6 x  sin6 x  cos2 x  sin2 x  
4
4 sin2 x cos2 x 
= 1 – 3sin2x cos2x
3 2 2
3
 1  .4 sin2 x. cos 2 x
 1
4

a 1 
4 1
For cos6 x  sin6 x  to have a solution
3 2 2
y  1  sin 2x  2
2
4
When (sin2x)2 is minimum, i.e. 0, then y will be maximum
a2  1 3


and when (sin 2x)2 is maximum, i.e. 1, then y will be  a will have 4 values.
minimum.
49. Sum of f irst and second terms on LHS can be
3 3 1 written as
Hence, y max  1   0  1 , ymin  1   1 
4 4 4
1
sin A  cos  x  z  C  cos  x  C  z  
2
46. Given expression
1 1
 4 cos 3 12   6 cos12  1  cos 24    sinB  cos  x  y  A   cos  y  A  x  
2
4  

1 1
 cos36  3cos12  6cos12  3  cos36  cos12    sin A  cos  A  2C   cos  2B  A  
4 2
 sinB  cos B  2A   cos  2C  B   
5 1
 cos36 
4 1
 [sin  2A  2C  sin2C  sin2B  sin  2A  2B 
Alternative method: 4
 sin  2B  2A   sin2A  sin2C  sin  2B  2C]

cos3 12  3cos12 1  cos2 12 
1 1
 4cos3 12  3cos12  cos36
  sin 2A  sin 2B   sin 2(B  A)
4 2
1
 sin(2A  2C)  sin(2B  2C)
4

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52. sec A  secBsec C  tanB tanC

1 1
 . 2 cos(A  B) sin(A  B)  .2 sin(A  B)cos(A  B)
2
4 2   sec A  secB sec C  tan2 B tan2 C
1
 2 cos(A  B  2C) . sin(A  B)
4  sec 2 A  sec 2 B sec 2 C  2sec A sec B sec C

1 1   sec 2 B sec 2 C  sec 2 B  sec 2 C  1

 sin(A  B)  cos(A  B)  cos(A  B)  cos(A  B  2C)
2 2   sec 2 B   2sec A sec C  secB  sec 2 A  sec 2 C  1  0
Now adding third term of LHS to this, we get
LHS  (sec B  sec A sec C)2  sec 2 A sec 2 C  sec 2 A  sec 2 C
=1
1
= sin(A  B)  cos(A  B)  cos(A  B)
2
2

  sec B  sec A sec C  sec 2 A  1 sec 2 C  1  
1   sec B  sec A sec C  tan A tanC
 cos(A  B  2C)  sin CsinB(B  C  A)
2  Similarly we can get
sec C  sec A secB  tan A tanB
1
 sin  A  B   .2 cos(A  B  C)cos C  cos(A  B) To maintain the symmetry we choose +sign for both.
2
53. Consider RHS
 sinCsin(B  C  A)
2sin     sin    .2sin   cos       
 sin  A  B   cos(A  B  2C)  cos(A  B)
 cos      2   cos        sin  2     sin  2    
 sin  A  B   2sin(A  C) . sin(C  B)
Multiplying the terms and using the transformations
 2 sin x sin y sin z again, we get

     
cos3A 1 
50. We have  4cos2 A  3  2 1  cos2A   3 sin 3        sin      3  
cosA 2    
    
 2cos2A  1 
    
LHS  2cos 2A  1  (2cos 4A  1)  sin  3      sin      3 
   
 (2cos 6A  1)  (2 cos12A  1)    
 
 2 cos 2A  cos 4A  cos6A  cos12A   sin         sin  3      
 
 2 2sin3A sin A  2sin9A sin3A   
   
 4sin3A  2sin5A cos 4A  = 8sin3Asin5Acos4A  sin  3      sin        
  
= RHS  
Combining the terms marked above, we get
1
51. RHS =  tan A  2 cot A  2cos3 sin       2 cos 3 sin     
2
 1 1 1 
 tan A  tanB  tanC  2     2 cos 3 sin       = LHS.
 tan A tanB tanC 
 tan A tanB  tanB tanC  tanC tan A 
 tan A  tanB  tanC  2   54. Writing, cot A cotB  1  cot  A  B cotB  cot A 
 tan A tanB tanC 
From the formula of cot(A – B), we get
 if A  B  C   then  tanA  tan A tanB tanC Given expression
 1  cot120  cot  x  60   cot  x  60 
We have
 tan A  tanB  tan C2  2 tan A tanB
tan A tanB tan C 1  cot 60  cot  x  60   cot x   1

tan2 A  tan2 B  tan2 C – cot60°  cot x  cot  x  60  

 = LHS
tan A tanB tanC = –3

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55. Remember
x y z 1
cot  cot  cot 
2 2 2 3
3 
2n + 2n + 2
4 4 xyz
S >0

3
0
C +S
<

 Given expression
C
–

1 1 3
 4  3   5 1  
2 2 2
S <0

S >0
0

0
C +S

C +S
<

>

57. We have from the equation given

C

C
–

  23   3
tan  tan  , tan tan 
2 2 30 2 2 30
S <0
0
C +S
>

5  23
2n + 2n –
C
–

4 4   30  23
 tan  
 2  1 3 27
30
Where C and S denote cosx and sinx.
23
so, ,cos x  sin x  0 and 2
sin       27  2  23  27
cos x  sin x  0 232 272  232
1
  3  272
 x   2n  , 2n  
 4 4 2  25  2  25  2  625  4 621
  

Here let
x  
  2n  , 2n 
3 


2 252  22  625  4 629

2  4 4 

x x x x 58. cos   cos3  cos 5  (cos 2  cos 4)

 cos  sin  0 and cos  sin  0
2 2 2 2
cos   cos 3  cos 5
x x
 1  sin x  cos  sin and 1
2 2  2 sin  cos   2cos 3 sin   2cos 5 sin  
2 sin  
 x x
1  sin x    cos  sin  sin6
 2 2 
2sin 
x x cos 2  cos 4
 cos  sin  1
1  sin x  1 2 2  x
   tan    1
1  sin x  1 x x 4 4  2 cos 2 sin   2 cos 4 sin  
cos  sin  1 2 sin  
2 2
Like wise we can check for options (a) and (c) also. cos   cos 3  cos5   cos 2  cos 4 

sin6  sin5 1
 2  x y z    
56. When x, y, z   0, then , ,   0,  2sin  2
 3  2 2 2  3
6 5
x y z sin  sin
cot , cot and cot each is greater than or equal
 11 11  1
2 2 2  2
2 sin
1 11
to .
3
0 1 1
  
2x 2y 2z  2 2.
 cot  cot  cot  1 is possible only when 2 sin
2 2 2 11

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59. We know, 2 2 2
62. We have, sin   sin   sin 
sin 2n 
gn     cos   cos 2 cos 2n 1  2 2 2
= sin   (sin   sin  )
2n sin  2
= sin   sin(   )sin(   )
n 2
 1  cos  1  cos 2 1  cos 2  = sin   sin(   ).sin(   )
fn     tan   
2 cos  cos 2 cos 2n  2
= sin   sin .sin(   )
 
2n1 sin  cos  cos   cos 2cos 2n1 = sin {sin   sin(   )
 2 2
= sin {sin(   (   ))  sin(   )}
cos 2n 
= sin {sin(   )  sin(   )}
 tan2n  = sin {2 sin  cos  }
fn     Cn1    n n = 2 sin  sin  cos 
tan2   cos 2 
   2n sin 
gn    sin2n 
63. tanx + tan2x + tan3x = 0
 tanx + tan2x + tan(x + 2x) = 0
 2n sin 
tan x  tan 2x
60. We have,  tanx + tan2x + =0
1  tan x . tan 2x

e /2     1 
2  (tanx + tan2x) 1   0
 1  tan x . tan 2x 
  
  log   log  1   1  tan x . tan 2x  1 
2 2 2  (tanx + tan2x)   =0
 1  tan x . tan2x 

  e and   2 When tanx + tan2x = 0
2
 tanx = –tan2x = tan(–2x)
 log   fourth or first quadrant.  x = n – 2x
 coslog   0 and n
x= ,nI
3

 e /2   
2 1  tanx . tan2x  1
When 0
 0  cos   1 1  tanx . tan2x
 tanx . tan2x = 2
 logcos   0
2 tan x
 logcos   coslog   tanx . 2
1  tan2 x
61. We have,  2 tan2x = 2 – 2 tan2x
 4 tan2x = 2
cos2  3 sin2 
m3  ;n  1
sin  cos   tan2x =
2
m3n3  cos  sin  1
 tanx = 
6 3 3
m n  cos , n m  sin  6 3 3 2
We have, 1
6 6 2 2
Let tanx = = tan
cos   sin   1  3sin  cos  2
 x = n + 
 m12n6  m6n12  1  3m6n6
1
Let tanx =  = tan

 m6n6 m6  n6  3  1  2
 x = m + m

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64. cot – tan – cos + sin = 0 66. sinx + cosx = 1

cos  sin  Dividing and multiplying by 2.
    cos   sin    0
sin  cos 
1 1 1
sin x  cos x 
cos2   sin2  2 2 2
   cos   sin   0
cos   sin    
 sin  x    sin  
 4 4
 cos   sin   cos   sin  
   cos   sin   0
cos  . sin   
 x  n  (1)n
4 4
 cos   sin  
  cos   sin     1  0
 cos  . sin    
or x  n  (1)n  , integer
When cos – sin = 0 4 4 n
 cos = sin
 tan = 1 67. We have
a1 + a2 cos2x + a3 sin2 x = 0 for all x

 tan = m + , m   1  cos 2x 
4  a1  a2 cos 2x  a3    0 , for all x
 2 
cos   sin 
When 1 0 a
cos  . sin  1
 a1  a3  0 and a2  3  0
 cos + sin – cos . sin = 0 2 2
 cos + sin = cos . sin k k
 a1   , a2  , a3  k , where k  R
1 2 2
 cos + sin = sin2
2
 k k 
Squaring both sides, we get Hence the solutions, are   , , k  , where k is any
 2 2 
1 real number.
1 + sin2 = sin22
4 Thus the number of triplets is infinite.
 sin22 – 4 sin2 – 4 = 0
68. Let f(x) = tanx - x
4  16  16 4  4 2
 sin2 =  22 2 
2 2 We know for 0  x 
2
sin2 = 2 + 2 2 not acceptable
 tanx > x
sin2 = 2 – 2 2 = sin (Say)
 f(x) = tanx - x has no root in (0 ,  / 2) for  / 2x   ,
 2 = n + (–1)n tanx is negative.
n n  
=   1
2 2  f(x) = 0 has no root in  2 ,  
 
 n n
  = m + ,   1 3
4 2 2 For  x  2 , tanx is negative
2
Where sin = 2 – 2 2  f(x) = tanx - x < 0
 n, m = 0, ±1, ±2, ...
 3 
So, f(x) = 0 has no root in  ,2 
 2 
2x 2
65. A s L.H.S = 2 cos   sin x  2 We have f( )  0    0
2
 3  3 3
2 1 and f    tan  0
and R.H.S = X  2  2  2 2
X2
 The equation has no solution. 3
 f(x) = 0 has at least one root between  and .
2

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69. sin3x + sinx -3sin2x = cos3x + cosx - 3cos2x 72. 4 cos2x sinx – 2 sin2x = 3 sinx
 2sin2x cosx - 3sin2x = 2cos2x cosx - 3cos2x  4 cos2x . sinx – 2 sin2x – 3 sinx = 0
 sin2x(2cosx - 3) = cos2x (2cosx - 3)  sinx(4 cos2x – 2 sinx – 3) = 0
When sinx = 0
{ 2cos x  3  0}  x = n, n = 0, ±1 ...
 sin2x = cos2x When 4 cos2x – 2 sinx – 3 = 0
 tan2x = 1 4(1 – sin2x) – 2 sinx – 3 = 0
 4 sin2x + 2 sinx – 1 = 0

 2x = n  2  4  16 2  2 5 1  5
4  sinx =  
8 8 4
n  1  5
 x 
2 8 When sinx =
4

70. For the quadratic equation to have real roots we must 

 sinx = sin
have 10
cos2 p - 4sinp (cosp - 1)  0 
 (cosp - 2sinp)2 - 4sin2 p + 4 sinp  0  x = m + (–1)m
10
 (cosp - 2sinp)2 + 4sinp (1 - sinp)  0  –1 – 5
When sinx = = –cos36° = –sin54°
4sinp (1 - sinp) > 0 for 0  p   4
and (cosp - 2sinp)2  0  sinx = –sin54°
 sinx = sin(–54°)
Thus, (cosp - 2sinp)2 + 4sinp (1 - sinp)  0 f or
 3 
0p  sinx = sin   
 10 
Hence, the equation has real roots for 0  p    –3 
 x  k  (–1)k  
 10 
2 2
Given 3sin 2x  2cos x  31 sin 2x  2sin x  28  3 
71.  k   (–1)k 1   , k 
 10 
2 2
 LHS = 3sin2x  2cos x  31  sin 2x  2  2cos x
3 1
2 2 sin2 x  sin x 
= 3sin2x  2cos x  33  (sin 2x  2cos x) 73. | cos x | 2 21

RHS = 33 + 30  Either |cosx| = 1

 sin2x + 2 cos2x = 3 or 0 3 1
2
If sin2x + 2 cos2x = 3 or sin x  sin x   0
2 2
 2 sinx cosx + 2 cos2x = 3 If |cosx| = 1  cosx = ±1
If cosx = 1  cosx = cos0  x = 2n
 2 tanx + 2 = 3 sec2x
If cosx = –1  cosx = cos x = 2m ± 
 3 tan2x + 3 = 2 tanx + 2 3 1
When sin2 x  sin x   0
 3 tan2x – 2 tanx + 1 = 0 2 2
No possible solution as discriminant is –ve. 1
 sinx = 1 or
If sin2x + 2 cos2x = 0 2
When sinx = 1  |cosx| = 0
2 sinx cosx + 2 cos2x = 0
3 1
2 cosx(sinx + cosx) = 0 and sin2 x  sin  0
2 2
sinx + cosx = 0 or cosx = 0 LHS = 00
  No solution.
 
sin  x    0 or x  (2n  1)
 4 2 [Note: 00 is not defined, you will study more of this in
class XII.]
 1 
x  m n
4 When sin x   sin x   x  n   1
2 6 6
 
x  m  , where n, m  I  x = 2n, 2m ± , k + (–)k ; n, m, k = 0, ± 1, ...
4 6

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n = –2, x = –
74. 2(cosx + cos2x) + sin2x(1 + 2 cosx) = 2 sinx
 
3x x x = n + (–1)n   
. cos + sin2x + sin3x + sinx – 2sinx  2
 2 . 2 cos
2 2
=0 
n=0x= 
2
3x x 5x x x x
 4 cos cos  2 sin . cos  2 sin cos  0
2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3
n=1x=  not acceptable
2 2
x 3x 5x x
 2 cos  2 cos  sin  sin   0
2 2 2 2  
n = –1  x = – + =–
2 2
x 3x 3x
 2 cos  2 cos  2 cos

. sin x   0
2 2 2    
 The solution is – x   is –, – , – , , 
2 3 3
x 3x
 cos  0 or cos 1  sin x   0  
2 2 75. tan   tan  tan tan   1
2 2
x 
   2n  1 or x = (2n + 1)  
2 2  tan   tan  1  tan tan 
2 2
3x
Also cos 0
2 
tan   tan
 2 1
3x  
   2n  1 1  tan  .tan
2 2 2

 3
x= (2n + 1)  tan 1
3 2
Also 1 + sinx = 0
3  
    k     4k  1
 sinx = –1  x = n + (–1)n 
  2 4 4
 2
Where n = 0, ±1, ±2 
    4k  1
We have 6
   
x = (2n + 1), (2n + 1), n + (–1)n     must not be an odd multiple of .
3  2 2
n = 0, ±1, ±2 ... So, observe this list
We have to find the value of x in –  x  
k: 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
x = (2n + 1), if n = 0, x = 
7 3  5 9 13  17 21
 3  :  
n = 1, x =   not acceptable 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
 2   k should not take the values –1, 2, 5, ....
n = –1, x = – which are of the form 3m + 2 or 3m – 1.

x= (2n + 1) if
3 76. tan2 9A  cos 2A  1
  tan2 9A  2 sin2 A
n = 0, x =
3
n = 1, x =   tan2 9A  2 sin2 A  0
5 Which is possible only when tan9A = 0 and sinA = 0
n = 2, x = not acceptable
3 k
A and A  m
9

n = –1, x =  For which k must be divisible by 9.
3

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77. Writing tan x as t we have  Given equation now is

 2t 
1  t  1  2   1  t sin3 x  2cos3 x  3cos2 x sin x  sin x
 1 t 
 
1  t 2 Dividing by cos3x, we get  cos x  0 in  , 
 1  t   1 t  4 4
1  t2
 1  t  0 or 1  t 2  1  t2 
t3  2  3t  t 1  t 2  where t = tan x

 t  0 or  1 1
We get, t 
In (–2, 2) t = 0 at x = –, 0,  2
5  3 7
and t = –1 at x  , , ,   
4 4 4 4  in   ,  there is one solution.
 Total 7 solutions.  4 4

78. Rewriting the given equations we get

cos2 4x  cos2 3x  sin2 2x  sin2 x  0
81. 
3  sin   cos    2 sin3   cos3   1 
cos2 4x  sin2 x   cos2 3x  sin2 2x   0   sin   cos    3  2 1  sin  cos    1

 cos  4x  x  cos  4x  x   cos  3x  2x  cos  3x  2x   0   sin   cos   1  2sin  cos   1

 cos5x  cos3x  cos x   0 2
  sin   cos   sin   cos    1
 cos 5x.2cos 2x .cos x  0
 cos x  0 or cos 2x  0 or cos 5x  0  sin   cos   1
    cos   1 or sin   1 are the solutions which can
 x   2n  1 , 2x   2m  1 , 5x   2k  1
2 2 2
where n, m, k  Z 3 
happen for   2, 0, 2,  ,
2 2
79. We have
cos5x tan 6 | x |  sin5x  0 82. We have

i. Let x  0, then cos2 x  2cos x 1  3cos2 x  

cos 5x tan 6x  sin5x  0
2
 cos x  6cos x  cos x  2   0
 cos5x sin6x  sin5x cos 6x  0  
 sin11x  0  11x  k where k  Z, k  0  cos x  2cos x  1 3cos x  2  0
 (a) cannot be the correct option.
2 1
ii. Let x < 0, then  cos x   , 0, but cosx = 0 does not satisfy the GP..
3 2
 cos5x sin6x  sin5x cos6x  0
 2
 sin x  0  x  m where m is negative The smallest positive values are ,   cos 1
3 3
integer.
Neither of b, c suits
83.   
cos  x  4 cos  x  1 
80. We have
As we know that the range of cosx is [–1, 1] for all x,
sin x cos x cos x multiplication of two cosines can be equal to ‘one’
cos x sin x cos x only when both are +1 or both –1.
cos x cos x sin x  Here the possibilities are
(i) cos  x  4  1 and cos  x  1
  
 sin x sin2 x  cos2 x  cosx cos x sin x  cos2 x  or
(ii) cos  x  4  1 and cos  x  1

 cos x cos2 x  cosx sin x 
Solving (i),  x  2m and  x  4  2n for
3 3 2 some non-negative integers m and n.
 sin x  2cos x  3cos x sinx

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It is clear that m > n here as x  x4 .   x

85. Denoting as y, we can rewrite the given
2 2 1 x
now, x   2m  and x  4   2n 
equation as

 
 4  4 m2  n2  m2  n2  1 cot 3 y  3 cot 2 y  6 cot y

Which will be meaningful only for m = 1 and n = 0.  cot y  0 or cot2 y  3 cot y  6  0

 x  4 is the solution.
and now  
 cot y  0 or cot y  3 cot y  2 3  0 
(ii)   x   2m  1 ,  x  4   2n  1 
 cot y  0 or  3 or 2 3
for some non-negative integers m and n.
  x  
2 2    2k  1 or n  or m  cot 1 2 3
 x   2m  1 , x  4   2n  1 1 x 2 6

2
  2m  1   2n  1  4
2 1  x 2k  1 6n  1 m   cot 1 2 3
So,  or or
1 x 2 6 
  2m  1  2n  1 2m  1  2n  1  4
1
1  2k 7  6n 1  m   cot 2 3
  m  n  1 m  n   1 x  , ,
3  2k 5  6n 1  m   cot 1 2 3
Which cannot be possible as
where k, n, m are integers.
m  n  1 and m  n  1  1
 this case has no solution. 86. We have 3sinx - 4sin3 x = k, 0 < k < 1 which can
 x = 4 is the only solution for the given equation. also be written as sin3x = k.
It is given that A and B are solutions of this equation.
84. We have Therefore
sin3A = k and sin3B = k, where 0 < k < 1
cos2 x  2cos x  4sin x  sin2x
rewriting the given equation we get  0  3A   and 0  3B  
Now, sin3A = k and sin3B = k
cos2 x  2cos x  2sin x cos x  4sin x  0  sin3A - sin3B = 0

 cos2 x   2 sin x  2  cos x  4 sin x  0 3 3

 2cos (A  B)sin (A  B)  0
2 2
treating this as a quadratic in cosx and solving,
we get  A B 3
 cos3    0, sin (A  B)  0
2  2  2
2  2 sin x  4 1  sin x   16 sin x
cos x  But it is given that A > B and 0  3A   , 0  3B  
2
3
2 1  sin x   2 1  sin x  Therefore sin (A  B)  0
 2
2
 A B 3 
 cos x  2 or  2sinx Hence, cos3    0  (A  B) 
 2  2 2
1
 tan x   is the only admissible solution as 
2  A B 
3
cos x  2 .
 General solution for given equation is 2
 C    A B 
3
1
x  m  tan1 , m  Z
2
87. Here, L.H.S = sin(ex) < 1for all x  R .
and R.H.S = 5x + 5-x  2
 sin(ex) = 5x + 5-x has no solution

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   
88. tan x  sec x  2cos x, x  (2x  1)  cos      cos
2  6 3
 sinx + 1 = 2cos2 x
 
 sinx + 1 = 2 (1 - sin2 x)    2n 
6 3
 2sin2 x + sinx - 1 = 0 Taking positive sign
 (2sinx - 1) (sinx + 1) = 0
 
1   2n 
 sin x  , sin x   1 6 3
2

 5 3     2n  ... (i)
x , or x  but x  (2n  1)
6
6 6 2 2 Taking negative sign,
 5  
 x ,   2n 
6 6 6 3
Hence, number of solutions are two.

    4n  1 ... (ii)
2
89. 2sin2   3sin   2  0 Putting n = 0,  1,  2 in (i) and (ii), values of 
 (2 sin   1)(sin   2)  0
 3
 sin   1/ 2 between 0 and 2 are , .
6 2
{neglecting sin   2 , as sin   1 }
3
But when   , cos   0 But cos   0 
n
   n  ( 1) (  / 6) 2


   n  ( 1)n (7  / 6)  It is rejected. Hence,   .
6

tan3x  tan 2x
90. Given 1 92. Dividing by 12  3  2 on both sides,
1  tan3x tan 2x
 tan(3x – 2x) = 1 or tan x = 1 1 3
cos x  sin x  cos 2x
 2 2
 x = n 
4 Now |cos2x|  1. Hence, there will be a solution.

  
 2x = 2n   cos x.cos  sin x.sin  cos 2x
2 3 3
Hence, tan2x is undefined.  
 cos  x –   cos 2x
 No solution.  3

sin  1  x–  2n  2x
91.    3  cos   0 3
cos  cos  Taking positive sign,
 3 cos   sin   1   
x   2n  2x  x    2n  
For real solutions, 3  3
Taking negative sign,
| 1|  31

| 1|  2 which is true. x–  2n – 2x
3
Now dividing both sides by 2, we have
3  1 2n 
cos   sin    x 
2 2 2 3 9
   2n   
 cos .cos  sin .sin  cos x  , –  2n   ; n  I
6 6 3 3 9  3

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93. cos 7x  cos 2 x 97. For the points of intersection, both the equations
must be satisfied.
and sin4x  sin2x
 cos2x  sin x
 cos7 x  sin4 x  cos2 x  sin2 x
 
 cos   x 
 cos7 x  sin4 x  1 2 
LHS is equal to 1 only if
 
cos 7x = cos 2 x ... (i)  2x  2n    x 
and sin4x = sin2x ... (ii) 2 
Taking +ve sign,
 cos2 x(cos5 x – 1)  0
2n  ... (i)
 cos x  0 or cos5 x  1  cos x  1 x  , where n  0, 1, 2
3 6
 Taking –ve sign,
 x  (2n  1) or x  2n
2
For these values of x, (ii) is also satisfied. 
x  2n  , where n  0, 1, 2 ... (ii)
 Required solution is 2

x  (2n  1) or 2n, n  I The values which lies in the interval 
  are:
2 x
2 2
94. Let y = cosx cos (x + 2) - cos2 (x + 1) Putting n = –1, 0 in the equation (i)
= cos (x + 1 - 1) cos (x + 1 + 1) - cos2 (x + 1)     
= cos2 (x + 1) - sin2 1 - cos2 (x + 1) x  2    and x  0  
3 6 2 6 6
y = -sin2 1. This is a straight line which is parallel to x-
axis.  
x ,
2
It passes through (  / 2, sin 1) . 2 6
Therefore, (d) is the answer.  Putting n = –1, 0, 1 in equation (ii), we get
5  3
95. 3sin2 x - 7sinx + 2 = 0 (given) x ,  ,
2 2 2
 3sin2 x - 6sinx - sinx + 2 = 0
The values of x which lies in the given interval are
 3sinx (sinx - 2) - 1(sinx - 2) = 0
 (3sinx - 1) (sinx - 2) = 0  
 , only..
 sinx = 1 / 3 or sinx = 2 (sinx = 2 is rejected) 2 6

1  
 x  n  ( 1)n sin1 , n  I y  cos 2.     cos   1
3  2
For 0  n  5, x  [0,5 ]
  1
 There are six values of x  [0,5 ] which satisfy y  cos 2. cos 
6 3 2
the equation Hence, the point of intersection of the curves are
3sin2 x - 7sinx + 2 = 0
Therefore, (c) is the answer.      1
  , 1 and  , 
 2  6 2
2
96. (1– tan2 ) (1  tan2 )  2 tan  0
98. Given equation is
Let tan2   x . sin x  cos  k  x   cos  k  x   2
 (1 – x)(1 + x) + 2x = 0 (x  0)
or sin x  2cosk.cos x  2
 (1 – x2) + 2x = 0
This equation is of the form a cosx + b sinx = c,
 2x = x2 – 1 where a = 2 cosk, b = 1, and c = 2 for real solution.
By observation, x = 3
a2  b2  c
 tan2   3
 tan    3  1  4cos2 k  2


3 or 1  4cos2 k  4

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3 1
or cos2 k  100. Since we have sin2x + sin2y = ,
4 2

3 1 1 1 1
or 1  cos2 k  1   sin2 k   1  cos2x   1  cos 2y  
4 4 2 2 2

1  cos 2x  cos 2y  1
or sin2 k  0
4  2cos(x  y)cos  x  y   1
 1  1 1
or  sink   sink    0 Hence, cos(x  y)cos(x – y)  ... (i)
 2  2 2
1 1 4
  sink  and x  y  (Given)
2 2 3
 1  4  1
 n   k  n  , where n = 0, + 1, + 2 ...  cos(x  y)cos  
6 6  3  2

 5  cos  x  y   1
99. tan      1      or
4 4  x  y  2n  
1  7
tan           or Here we have two linear equations
3 6 6
x  y  2n  , n  
    4
As         ,    0,  
2 
xy
  3
2 
5   x  n   ... (iii)
  ,  3 2
4 6 Taking the positive sign of ... (iii)
5   7
 2   x  n   
4 6  6

15   2  7 4
=  m, m   n   and y  m 
12  6 3
Taking negative sign of ... (iii)
13
= 
12 x  n 
6
13 
or  =  7
24 2 and y  n 
6
Then
 The general equation of the system is given by
   4    7 
 ,  
4 6  m,m    and  n  ,n  
 3   6 2 
  7
 2   where m  n  ,n  
4 6 6

 101. For the smallest positive values of A and B:

 2 
12  tan  A  B   1
  5
   7 30 A B  or ... (i)
24 4 4
[Angles between 0 and 2]
2
Also sec  A  B  
3

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103.
3
 cos  A  B  
2
Y
 11 3
A  B  or [Angles between 0 and 2] 7
6 6 10 10
y= 5+1
 Sum of two positive angles must be greater than 2
their difference, i.e. A + B > A - B. X' X
 O
 11 5–1
When A  B  ,A  B  y=
4 6 9  2
10 10
25 25
Adding, we get 2A = A
12 24
Y'
19 19
Subtracting, we get 2B  B
12 24
4sin x  1  5
5 11
When A – B = and A + B =  5 1 5 1
4 6
  sin x 
4 4
37 37
Adding, we get 2A = A 
12 24  5 1 5 1   
Take sin x    sin  
4 4  10 
7 7
Subtracting, we get 2B =  B
12 24        9 
or sin      sin   or sin  
For most general values,  10   10   10 

tan(A – B) = 1 = tan 5 1 3 7
4 sin x   sin or sin
 4 10 10
A  B  n  ... (ii)
4
2 n
sec(A  B) 
3 104. sinn   br sinr  (given)
r 0
3 
 cos(A  B)   cos Now, put   0 , we get 0  b0
2 6

 A  B  2m  ... (iii) n
6  sinn   br sinr  is true
Solving, we get r 1
sinn n
1      br (sin )r 1
A = (2m  n)    sin  r 1
2 4 6
Taking limit as   0
1  
B (2m  n)    n
2  4 6  lim
sinn
 lim  br (sin )r 1
 0 sin  0
r 1
Where m = 0, 1, 2, ... and
sinn
n = 0, 1, 2, ... both taking the value independently.. n.
 lim n  b  0  0  0...
1
 0 sin 
.
2 
102. 2sin x  sin x
Other values becomes zero for higher powers of
2 sin
 sin2 x  [0, 1]  2sin x  1
But | sin x |  1 n.1
  b1
1
But the equality is not possible.
 There is no value of x which satisfy the equation.  b1  n. Therefore, (b) is the answer..

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105. W e know; 109. The set of values of x and y which satisfies at least
2 2 2 2
one of the equations is given by solving
 a  b  a sin x  bcos x  a  b
sin x  cos x  sin y  cos y
  74  7cos x  5sin x  74    
 2 cos  x    2 cos  y  
i. e.,  74  2k  1  74  4  4
   
Since k is integer,  x   2n  y  or x   2n  y 
- 9 < 2k + 1 < 9 4 4 4 4
- 10 < 2k < 8 But first one will not satisfy the given equations and
-5<k<4 
second one, 2n   y will satisfy both.
 Number of possible integer values of k = 8 2
106. In the argand plane P is represented by ei  and Q is
110. For 2sin x  cos2kx  3 to be satisfied it is obvious
represented by ei( ) . Now, rotation about a line that sin x = 1 and cos2kx = 1 are the solutions.
with angle  is given by ei   ei (2) . Therefore Q 
 only one of the solutions x   4n  1 must satisfy
is obtained from P by reflection in the line making an 2
angle  / 2 . 
cos2kx  1 i.e. cos 2  4n  1 .k  1 for some fixed n.
2
 cos  4n  1 k  1 for some fixed n which will have
107. As, 2sin2   5sin   2  0
infinite solutions if k is either rational or integer and no
 (2 sin 1) (sin   2)  0 solution if k is irrational.
{where, (sin   2)  0 for all   R }  only one solution for the equation is never possible.

 (2 sin   1)  0 111. We have

y
 
sec 2 x  cos x  sin x  2  cot 2   x 
2 

 tan2 x  cos x  sin x  1  tan2 x

1
y=
2  cos x  sin x  1

p p x  cos x  1 and sin x  0 or sin x  1 and cos x  0

O 5p 2p
6 6
But sin x = 1 and cos x = 0 does not fit in the equation
(sec2 x and tan2 x have to defined.)
If sin x = 0 solution alone is taken, then cos x = 1 or
cos x = –1 are included in it, of which only sin x = 0
and cos x = 1 suits.
1  cosx = 1 is the only suitable solution.
 sin   , shown as
2

    5  112. x  y  1  x  1, y  1
    0,    , 2 
 6  6 
Hence (a) is the correct answer. Because of the symmetry in the equation we can take
up two cases and find all the solutions.
(i) x  0, y  0  x  y  1 and
108. 2sin2   cos 2  0
x y xy xy xy
1 2sin . cos  2sin cos
 sin2   2 2 2 2
4
 xy 
Also 2cos2   3 sin   sin  0
 2 
1
 sin   xy 1
2  cos  cos  x  y  1
2 2
 Two solutions in [0, 2] .
 x  1 and y  0 or x  0 and y  1

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(ii) x  0, y  0, then x  y  1 1 1
 sin2    0  sin  
xy xy xy xy 4 2
and 2sin cos  2sin cos
2 2 2 2   5
 
xy xy 1     2n, 2n     2n  , 2n    ... (i)
 sin  0 or cos  cos  6  6 
2 2 2
x + y = 0 or x + y = ±1 and for cos2  0
x – y = 1; x + y = 0 We check from
1 1    5 
 x and y   2   4n, 4n     4n  , 4n  2 
2 2  3  3 
Similarly we can get x = –1 and y = 0 or
x = 0 and y = –1 and we can get    given by (i) cos2  0

1 1
x and y   as solutions.  
2 2 115. cot   cot  cosec
 Total number of solutions = 6 2 2

 
113. We have  cos ec  cot  cot 
2 2
  
cos 2sin x  1  3 cos x  sin 1  3 cos x      
cos cos sin   sin cos 
1 2  cos   2 2
   
 
 2 sin x  1  3 cos x  2m     1  3 cos x 
2 
  sin

sin
 sin  
sin sin 
2 2 2

  
 2sin x  1  3 cos x  1  3 cos x  2m 
2
   
or  sin   sin      sin
 2 2

  
2sin x  1  3 cos x  1  3 cos x  2m 
2
   1
 sin  0 or cos 
 2 2 2
 2sin x  2cos x  2m  ... (i)
2
  
   n or  2m  
or 2sin x  2 3 cos x  2m  2 2 3
2
But  = 2n is extraneous solution
In (i) m = 0 is a must as (LHS)  2 2
2
    4m 
 we have sin x  cos x  3
4
     116. If n is even say n = 2k, then
 cos  x     x   2n  cos 1
4 4 2 4 4 2


 
12 tan2 2k  tan1 3  10 .sec 2k  tan1 3  1  
 The solution given 2n  
4 2.3
 12.  10 . 1  9  1
 1  32
 cos   = 9 + 10 + 1  0
4 2
 n is not even i.e. if n = 2k + 1, then

114. First we need to have cos 2  0, sin   0 and not   

12 tan2 2k     tan1 3  10 sec 2k    tan1 3  1 
equal to ‘1’.
2.3
 cos2 
Then, logsin   2
 12 .
1  32
 
 10 .  1  9  1  0
 2 
 n must be odd.
cos 2
  sin2   sin   1
2
 1  2 sin2   2 sin2 

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117. Applying R3  R3  R1 and R2  R2  R1 , we get 1 xy  1

 
z xy
1  sin2  cos2  4 sin 4  xy = xyz - z
 1 1 0 0  xy + z = xyz
1 0 1 Therefore, (b) is the answer from (1) (putting the
value of xy)
 xyz = x + y + z
applying C1  C1  C2
Therefore, (c) is the answer.
2 cos2  4 sin 4 119. tan(x + 100°) = tan(x + 50°) tanx tan(x - 50°)
 0 1 0 0

tan(x  100) = tan(x + 50°) tan(x - 50°)
1 0 1
tan x
 2 + 4sin 4  0 sin(x  100) cos x sin(x  100) sin(x  50)
 cos(x  100) . sin x  cos(x  50) cos(x  50)
1
 sin 4 
2 sin( 2x  100)  sin100 sin100  cos 2x
 sin(2x  100)  sin100  cos100  cos 2x
 
 4  n  (1)n   
 6  [sin(2x + 100°) + sin100°] [cos100° + cos2x]
n    = [cos100° - cos2x] × [sin(2x + 100°) -sin100°]
   ( 1)n 1  
4  24   sin(2x + 100°).cos100° + sin(2x + 100°). cos2x

7 11 + sin100° cos100° + sin100° cos2x

Clearly,   , are two values of  lying
24 24 = cos100° sin(2x +100°) - cos100° sin100°
- cos2x sin(2x + 100°) + cos2x sin100°

between 0 and .  2sin(2x + 100°) cos2x + 2sin100° cos100° = 0
2
 sin(4x + 100°) + sin100° cos200° = 0
118. For 0    /  / 2 , we have  sin(4x + 100°) + 2sin150° cos50° = 0

 1
 sin(4x + 100°) + 2. sin(90  50)  0
x  cos2n   1  cos2   cos4   cos6   ... 2
n0
 sin(4x + 100°) + sin40° = 0
2
it is clearly a G. P. with common ration of cos  which  sin(4x + 100°) = sin(-40°)
is  1 . n
 4x +100° = n  (1) (40)
n
 4x = n(180°) + (-1) (-40°) - 100°
1 1  a 
Hence, x    S   1  r ,  1  r  1 1
[n(180)  (1)n ( 40)  100]
1  cos2  sin2     x
4
1 The smallest positive value of x is obtained when n = 1
Similarly, y 
cos2  1
Therefore, x [180  40  100]
1 4
and z 
1  sin2  cos2  x
1
[120]  30
or
1 1 4
Now, x + y = 
sin2  cos2  120. cos(p sin x)  sin(p cos x) (given)  x  [0,2]
 
cos2   sin2  1  cos(p sin x)  cos   p cos x 
 2 
cos2  sin2  cos2  sin2 
 
 p sin x  2n    p cos x  , n  I
1 1 2 
again  1  sin2  cos2   1 
z xy [ cos   cos     2n  , n  I]

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 p sin x  p cos x  2n   / 2 put tan2   x

or p sin x  p cos x  2n   / 2, n  I  1 - x2 + x4 = 0
 p(sin x  cos x)  2n   / 2  x2 - 1 = 2x
or p(sin x  cos x)  2n   / 2, n  I
Imp. note: 2x and x2 -1 are uncompatible functions,
theref ore, we have to cons ider range of both
 1 1 
 p. 2  sin x  cos x   2n   / 2 functions.
 2 2 
y

 1 1 
or p 2  sin x  cos x   2n   / 2, n  I
 2 2 

    
 p 2  cos sin x  sin cos x   2n 
 4 4  2
-1 O 1 x

   
or p 2  cos sin x  sin cos x   2n   / 2, n  I -1

 4 4 

(4n  1) Curvess y = x2 - 1 and y = 2x

 p 2[sin(x   / 4)] 
2 intersect at one point (negative value will not consider)
x = 3, y = 8

 p 2[sin(x   / 4)]  (4n  1) , n  I 2
2 Therefore, tan   3  tan    3     / 3
Now, 1  sin(x   / 4)  1
122. Using the a3 + b3 formula, we can rewrite the equation
  p 2  p 2 sin(x   / 4)  p 2
3
1  sin3 2x  cos3 2x  sin4x as
(4n  1). 2
 p 2   p 2, n  I
2
 1   sin 2x  cos 2x 1  sin 2x cos 2x   3 sin 2x cos 2x ...(i)
(4n  1)
or p 2   p 2, n  I 2
2  we have  sin 2x  cos 2x   1  2 sin 2x cos 2x
Sec ond inequality is always a s ubset of first, So, letting sin2x + cos2x as y in (i) we get
therefore, we have to consider only first.
It is sufficient to consider n  0 .  y2  1   y2  1 
1  y 1    3 
 2   2 
If n0, 2p  (4n  1)  / 2    

 (4n  1)  / 2  2p
For p to be least, n should be least
  
 2  2y  y y 2  1  3 y 2  1 
 n=0  y3  3y 2  3y  5  0
 2p   / 2 clearly y + 1 is a factor

 p
 
  y  1 y2  2y  5  0 
2 2
 The roots for y are

Therefore least value of p  1 and  1  6,  1  6
2 2
but we know sin2x  cos 2x  2
tan2 
121. (1  tan ) (1  tan ) sec 2   2  0 (given) and  1  6,  1  6 are more than 2 is
2
magnitude
 (1  tan2 ) .(1  tan2 )  2tan 0  sin2x  cos 2x  1 is the only solution possible.
2 So, sin2x + cos2x + 1 = 0 .... (ii)
 1  tan4   2tan 0

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W e can write,
 2sin x cos x  2cos2 x  0
2
 2cos x  sin x  cos x   0  cos A cos   sin A sin    cos A
5
 cos x  0 or tan x  1
 cos  A     cos A
 the general solution is given by
 A    2k  A
 
x   2n  1 , m  n, m,  Z    2k or 2k  2A
2 4
 General solution for  are given by
we can also get the solution by x, m  Z writing the
equation (ii) as n  2
  n   1 , 2k, 2k  2 cos1 m, k  Z
6 5
 
2 sin  2x    1
 4  [None of these solutions involve the factor c os   0
The multiplication with cos  on both sides did not
  1
we get sin  2x     produce any extaneous solutions]
 4 2
The general solution can be written as 124. We have
k cos x  2 sin x  2  2  k ...(1)
 k 1   
2x   k   1   , k Z it is clear that, for the solution to exist
4  4
k  0, 2  k  0  k  0, 2 ...(2)
k  k 1 
x    1 , k Z As the minimum and maximum values of LHS are
2 8 8
W e can observe here that both the solutions are  k  4 and k  4, the solution is possible only
absolutely same except for their apperance when  k  4  2  2  k  k  4
by taking k = 2m i.e. k is even
which is equavalent to
= 2n + 1 i.e. k is odd
We can get the solution given earlier. 0 2  2k  k 4

 Squaring 2  2  k  k  4
123. 4sin   2cos   3 tan   2
on both sides (as first inequality is obvious)
sin 
writing tan   and multiplying both sides by 2  2  k  2 4  2k  k  4
cos 
cos, we get,  4  2k  k  k 2  2k  4

4sin  cos   2cos2   3sin   2cos  2

  k  1  5  k  5  1 as k  0, 2
(Such type of multiplication on both sides by a quantity
involving the variable must be carefully checked back  The values of k for which the given equation has
after the equation is solved). solution is  5  1, 2
 
2
 2 cos   2 sin   1  2cos   3 sin   0
125. We have 6tanx + 5cot3x = tan2x
 2cos   2 sin   1  2  2 sin2   3 sin   0  5  tan x  cot 3x   tan 2x  tan x
 2cos   2 sin   1   2 sin   1 sin   2   0
 sin x cos3x  sin2x sin x
 5   
  2cos   sin   2  2 sin   1  0  cos x sin3x  cos 2x cos x

1  sin3x sin x  cos3x cos x 

 sin   or 2 cos   sin   2  5 
2  cos x sin3x 
take 2 cos   sin   2 sin2x cos x  cos2x sin x

2 1 2 2 1 cos x cos 2x
 cos   sin   , by taking cos A  , sin A 
5 5 5 5 5

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5 cos  3x  x  sin  2x  x  127. Calling tan as x, we can write the inequality to be

  solved as
sin3x cos 2x
1  3x
2
 5cos 2x  sin3x  sin x 3  2x  x2 
2
it is obvious that the domain of the inequality is
 
 5 2cos2 2x  2sin3x sin x
3  2x  x 2  0  x   1, 3  and if 1  3x  0 ie for
 5  2cos 2x   cos2x  cos 4x
2
 1
x   1,   the inequality is satisfied.
 10 cos 2x  cos 2x   2cos 2x  1
2 2  3

 1 
 12t 2  t  1  0 where t = cos2x So, it remains to see for what values of x in   , 3  ,
 3 
1 1 the inequality is satisfied.
t ,
3 4 In this interval, both the sides of the inequality are
non-negative, squaring on both sides we get
1 1
cos2x  ,
3 4  
4 3  2x  x 2  9x 2  6x  1  13x 2  2x  11  0
None of these values lead to values of x which make
tanx, cot3x, tan2x undefined i.e. Solving which, we get  x  113x  11  0
1 1   
If cos 2x  or  it is sure that x  , , .  11 
3 4 2 3 4  x    , 1
 3 
where the quantities given in the equation are
undefined.  1 
1 1 Taking into consideration that we are in   , 3 
 cos2x  or  are allowable solutions.  3 
3 4 We have the solution for this inequality as
General solutions are given by
 1 
1 1 1  1 x    , 1
x  m   cos1 ; n  cos1    m, n  Z  3 
2 3 2  4
So, overall solution for the inequality is given as
1  x  1
126. We have
i.e. 1  tan   1
sinx  3 cosx  0
 
  n     n is the general solution for the
1 3 4 4
 sin x  cos x  0
2 2 inequality, where n  Z
3  1 
Taking  cos ,  sin 1
2 6 2 6 128. 42 3
1  sin x
 
We have cos cos x  sin sin x  0
1 4–2 3 2– 3
6 6  1 – sin x   
42 3 4 2
 
 cos  x    0
 6 2– 3 3 n 
 sin x  1 –     x = n  ( 1)
3
 2  2
  
 2n   x   2n 
2 6 2 
For n = 0, x =
3
 2
 2n   x  2n 
3 3 2
For n = 1, x 
3

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129. 3 sin2x – 7 sinx + 2 = 0 131. We know that

 3 sin2x – 6 sinx – sinx + 2 = 0
 3 sinx(sinx – 2) – (sinx – 2) = 0 1  tan2   1  tan2  
cot   tan    2  2 cot 
(3 sinx – 1)(sinx –2) = 0 tan   2 tan  
 
1  1  L.H.S = tan   2tan2  4 tan 4  8cot8
 sinx =  sinx = sin  where  = sin1  
3 3 = {cot   tan   2 tan 2  4 tan 4}

 x  n  ( 1)  , 0    
n 8cot 8  cot 
6 =  {2cot 2  2 tan 2  4 tan 4} 8cot 8  cot 
=  {2(cot 2  tan 2)  4 tan 4}  8 cot 8  cot 
n 0 x  
 =  {2(2cot 4)  4 tan 4}  8 cot 8  cot 
n1 x   
n  2 x  2    =  4{cot 4  tan 4}  8cot 8  cot 
 number of possible values  6
n3 x  3    =  8 cot 8  8 cot 8  cot 
n  4 x  4   
 = cot 
n 5 x  5   
132. Given that in  ABC, A, B and C are in A.P..
n = 6, x = 6 +  (Does not lie in the given interval.)
A + C = 2B
Also sinx – 2 = 0 is not possible.
alsoA + B + C = 180°
130.  B = 60°
Also given that,
sin(2A + B) = sin(C - A) = -sin (B + 2C) = 1/2...(1)
Graph of y = tan x and y = x in  < x < 3 1
2 2  sin(2A + 60°) =sin(C - A) = -sin(60° + 2C) =
2
Y
y=x  2A + 60° = 30°, 150°
{neglecting 30°, as not possible}  2A +
60° = 150°
y = tan x  A = 45°
again from (1), sin(60° + 2C) = -1/2
 60° + 2C = 210°, 330°
 C = 45° or 135°
O Also from (1), sin(C - A) = 1/2
 X
 3  C - A = 30°,150°,195°
2 2 for A = 45°, C = 75° and C = 195° (not possible)
2
 C = 75°
Hence, A = 45°, B = 60°, C = 75°

133. A+B+C=  (given)

A B C 
   
2 2 2 2

A B  C
   
2 2 2 2

From the above graph, it is clear that between to taking tan of both sides
2
 A B  C
3  tan     tan   
. There is only one solution.  2 2 2 2
2
tan A / 2  tanB / 2
  cot C / 2
1  tan A / 2tanB / 2

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Taking sin on both sides,

1 1
 
cot A / 2 cotB / 2  
sin(cos )  sin   sin  
2 
 1 
= 1   cot C / 2 sin(cos )  cos(sin )
 cot A / 2 cot B / 2 
 cos(sin )  sin(cos )
cotB / 2  cot A / 2

cot A / 2cot B / 2 136. The point of intersection is given by
 cot A / 2cotB / 2  1  
= 
cot A / 2 cot  cot C / 2 sin3x = cosx = sin   x 
  2 
A B C A B C n 
 cot  cot  cot = cot cot cot  3x  n  ( 1)   x 
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 
(i) Let n be even i. e., n = 2m
134. We know that sec 2   1 
 3x  2m   x
2
4xy
 1
 x  y 2  n
m 
 ....(1)
2 8
2
 4xy   x  y  (ii) Let n be even i. e., n = (2m + 1)
2  
 x  y  4xy  0  3x  (2m  1)    x 
2 
2
  x  y 0 
 3x  2m  x
 x-y=0 2
 x=y 
Therefore, x + y = 2x (add x both sides)  x  m  ....(2)
4
but x  y  0 since it lies in the denominator,,
 
 2x  0 N ow  x
2 2
 x  0 Hence x = y,, x  0 is the answer..
  3
 x,  {from (1) and (2)}
135. We have, 8 4 8
Thus point of intersection are,
 1 1 
cos   sin   2  cos   sin  
 2 2       
 , cos   , cos   3 , cos3 
8 84 4 8 8
   
 2  sin .cos   cos .sin  
 4 4 
1
  137. Here, esin x  4
 2 sin     esin x
4 
 (esinx)2 - 4(esinx) - 1 = 0

 cos   sin   2  4  16  4
2  (esinx)  2 5
2
  
as, 2  1.4141,  1.57(approx) But since e  2.72 and we know 0 < esinx < e
 2 
 esin x  2  5 is not possible

 cos   sin   So there does not exist any solution.
2


 cos    sin 
2

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138. 4cos2 x sinx - 2sin2 x = 3sinx  sin   0    n ....(i)

 4(1 - sin2 x) sinx - 2sin2 x - 3sinx = 0
2
 4sinx - 4sin3 x - 2sin2 x - 3sinx = 0 or 4sin   4sin   3  0
 - 4sin3 x - 2sin2 x + sinx = 0  (2 sin   1) (2 sin   3)  0
 - sinx (4sin2 x +2sinx - 1) = 0
1 3
 sinx = 0  sin   or sin   (not possible)
2 2
or 4sin2 x + 2sinx - 1 = 0
 sinx = sin0 
   n  ( 1)n   .... (ii)
2  4  16  6
or sinx =
2(4)  from (1) and (2), we get
1  5 
 x  n or sinx =   n or n  ( 1)n  
4 6
  3 
x  n or sinx = sin or sinx = sin   
10  10  141. Exp {(sin2 x  sin4 x  sin6 x  .... )loge 2
   3 
 x  n  ( 1)n, n  (1)n  
10  10  sin2 x
.loge 2
 General solution set 1 sin2 x
 e
 
 {x : x  n}  x : x  n  ( 1)n  sin2 x
 10  loge 2
 e cos2 x
  3  
  x : x  n  ( 1)n  
  10    2 tan2 x satisfy x2 - 9x +8 =0
1 cos x  cos2 x  cos3 x  .....
 x = 1, 8
139. Here, 2  22 2 2
1  2tan x  1 and 2tan x  8
 1 cos x  tan2 x = 0 and tan2 x = 3
2  22
1 2
 2 2  
1  cos x  x  n and tan x   tan 
 3
1
 cos x 
2 
and x  n 
1 3
 cos x  
2

 2  2 Neglecting x  n as 0  x 
 x  3, 3 ,  3  3 2
Thus the solution set   
 x   0, 
  2  3  2
 ,  
 3 3 
cos x 2

140. The system has non-trivial solution, if cos x  sin x 1 3
 
sin3 1 1 2 2
cos 2 4 3  0 3 1
1
2 7 7 = 
1 3 3 1
on expanding, we get
3 1
 7sin3  14cos2  14  0 =
2
 sin3  2cos2  2  0
cos x 3 1
 3sin   4 sin3   2(1  2sin2 )  2  0  
cos x  sin x 2
 sin {4sin2   4sin   3}  0

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tan x
142. y 144.  2cot   cosec 2  1  cot  2  1  cot 
tan3x
3
tan x     , cot   1
 4
3 tan x  tan3 x
1  3 tan2 x  The answer is  1  cot  .
tan x(1  3 tan2 x) 1  3 tan2 x 145. Given cotx = sin2x
 
3tan x  tan3 x 3  tan2 x cos x
  2 sin x cos x  0
[ tan3x  0  3x  0] sin x
 x  0  tan x  0 cos x
Let tanx = t

sin x
 
1  2 sin2 x  0

1  3t 2  cot x cos 2 x   0
 y
3  t2

 x   2n  1
2
0 ` 
or 2x   2n  1
+ - + 2
  
1/3 3 For n = 0, x   90 or 2x =  x= = 45°
2 2 2
 3y  t 2 y  1  3t2 Short cut: No need to solve, check the options.

 3y  1  t2 y  3t 2 146. Let n = cot , we have

2 sin x  cos 2, sin y  sin 2
 3y  1  t (y  3)
 3
3y  1 2   x  ,  y  2
 t 2 2
y3
Given, co s 2   0, sin2   0
3y  1
  0, t 2  0  t  R  cos x   sin 2, cos y  cos 2
y3
 cos  x  y    sin2 cos2  cos 2 sin2  0
 y  ( , 1/ 3)  (3,  )
Therefore, y is not defined in between (1/3,3). sin  x  y   cos2 2  sin2 2  1
143. We have,  3
x2 = xy when x = y and 0  x  ,  2   y  
2 2
2
  cos A1  cos A 2 cos A n   2  x  y  

  cos A1 cos A 2 cos An  sin A1 sin A 2 sin A n  3

x  y  
2
1 1
  sin 2A1  sin 2A 2  sin 2A n 
2n 2n

1
 cos A1  cos A 2  cos A n 
2n/2

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