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Aaa Biology Part 3 Life Processes

The document provides an overview of respiration, detailing the processes of aerobic and anaerobic respiration, the role of ATP, and the mechanisms of breathing in humans and plants. It explains the exchange of gases in various organisms and outlines the structure of the human respiratory system. Key concepts include the biochemical processes involved in energy release and the anatomical features that facilitate respiration.

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16 views7 pages

Aaa Biology Part 3 Life Processes

The document provides an overview of respiration, detailing the processes of aerobic and anaerobic respiration, the role of ATP, and the mechanisms of breathing in humans and plants. It explains the exchange of gases in various organisms and outlines the structure of the human respiratory system. Key concepts include the biochemical processes involved in energy release and the anatomical features that facilitate respiration.

Uploaded by

khaundaahan
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PRACTICE ASSIGNMENT

BIOLOGY NOTES
Life Processes (part 3)
Q&A (respiration)

Q1. What happens to the assimilated food in the body?

Answer-

1. The food is used as a fuel to get energy for various life processes.
2. The food is used as a material for the growth and repair of the body.

Q2. What is Respiration?

Answer- The process of releasing energy from food is called respiration. It is the process which
involves taking in oxygen into the cells, using it for releasing energy by burning food, and then
eliminating the waste products (CO2 and H2O) from the body.

Q3. What is Cellular Respiration? What are its types?

 It is the process of biochemical oxidation of nutrients in the presence of specific enzymes


at optimum temperature in the mitochondria of cells to release energy for various
metabolic activities.
 Respiration is a catabolic process and there occurs exchange of gases viz oxygen and
carbon dioxide, between the body and the outside environment.
 It is of two types- aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
1. Aerobic Respiration:
When tissues carry out oxidation of food materials, utilizing molecular oxygen; the
process is called aerobic respiration.
Step 1: In a process called glycolysis. In the cytoplasm the glucose breaks into
Pyruvic Acid.
Step 2: Pyruvic acid in presence of Oxygen in the Mitochondria (Kerb’s Cycle)
breaks into 6CO2 + 6H2O+ 38 ATP.
2. Anaerobic Respiration:
When cells or organisms carry out oxidation of nutrients without utilizing molecular
oxygen; the process is called anaerobic respiration.
Step 1: In a process called glycolysis. In the cytoplasm the glucose breaks into
Pyruvic Acid.

1 |A P E X A C H I E V E R S ’ A C A D E M Y
Step 2: Pyruvic acid in absence of Oxygen breaks into
6C2H5OH (ethyl alcohol) + 6CO2+ 2 ATP.

Fig. Breakdown of Glucose by various pathways

Q4. What is ATP?

 It refers to a nitrogenous compound, Adenosine Tri-Phosphate. The energy released


during cellular respiration is immediately used to synthesizes a molecule called ATP
from ADP and inorganic phosphate as

ADP + P →ADP- P = ATP

P = Phosphate

 ATP is used to fuel all other activities in the cell. Therefore, it is said to be the energy
currency for most cellular processes.

Q5. Write a note on Respiration in Plants.

Answer- It takes place in all parts of a plant-like root, stem and leaf.

 Exchange of gases in roots take place by the process of diffusion, when oxygen diffuses
into the root hairs and passes into the root cells, from where carbon dioxide moves out
into the soil.
 In woody plants, bark has lenticels for gaseous exchange.
 In leaves, respiration also takes place by diffusion of oxygen through stomata into cells of
the leaf and carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere, when its concentration in
cells increases.
 The net gas exchange in leave during day time is – O2 diffuses out and CO2 diffuses in.
 The net gas exchange in leave during night time is – CO2 diffuses out and O2 diffuses in.

2 |A P E X A C H I E V E R S ’ A C A D E M Y
Q6. Write a short note on Respiration in Animals.

Answer- It takes place with the help of some specific respiratory organs which differs in
different animal groups, according to their habitat.

 Aquatic animals like fish, prawns and mussels have gills as respiratory organs.
 Land animals like lizard, bird, and human have lungs.
 Frogs breathe both by skin and lungs.
 Insects like grasshopper, housefly or cockroach have air tubes or trachea as their
respiratory organs.

3 |A P E X A C H I E V E R S ’ A C A D E M Y
Q7. What are the parts of the Human Respiratory System?

a. Lungs are the respiratory organs in

humans and are located in the cavity of


thorax.
b. Human respiratory system consists of
nostrils, nasal cavities, pharynx, trachea,
bronchi, and bronchioles leading to
alveoli inside the lungs.
c. This kind of respiration, where lungs are
the main structures is called pulmonary
respiration.
d. Respiratory system communicates with
the outside atmosphere through external
nostrils which draw air into nasal cavities.
e. The nasal cavities open into the internal
nostrils through which air enters the
pharynx.
f. The air passes through the throat, which
has rings of cartilage to product the air-
passage from collapsing.
g. The pharynx leads into trachea or windpipe through a slit called glottis
h. The trachea runs down the neck and enters the thorax and divides into the right and left
bronchi.
i. These two tubes enter into two elastic and conical lungs; which are enclosed in double-walled
sacs called pleura.
j. The bronchi within lungs, branch into smaller tubes called bronchioles; and each bronchiole
opens into many thin-walled balloon-like structure called alveoli.
k. The alveoli provide a surface for gaseous exchange.

4 |A P E X A C H I E V E R S ’ A C A D E M Y
Q8. Explain the Mechanism of Breathing in Human.

Answer- Breathing is a complex mechanical process involving muscular movement that alters
the volume of the thoracic cavity and thereby that of the lung.

 The space of thoracic


cavity increases or
decreases by outward
and inward movements
of the ribs caused by
external intercostal and
internal intercostal
muscles.
 This action is also
assisted by the
contraction and
expansion of the
diaphragm.
 The floor of the thoracic cavity is completely closed by diaphragm. It is a thin muscular
septum separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities.
 The inhalation and exhalation of the air take place continuously in the respiratory system.
 Inspiration or inhalation is possible only when the volume of the thoracic cavity
increases and the pressure of the contained air in the thoracic cavity decreases.
 Expiration or exhalation takes place when the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases
and the pressure of the contained air in the thoracic cavity increases.

Gas Exchange in Alveoli:

 Blood rich in carbon dioxide, i.e., the


deoxygenated blood enters the capillary
network of alveolus.
 CO₂ diffuses into the alveolar cavity because
of its higher concentration in the blood.
 Alveolus has a higher concentration of
oxygen as compared to the blood in
capillaries.
 Therefore, O2 diffuses into the capillaries
and combines with haemoglobin of red
blood cells to form oxyhaemoglobin to be
transported throughout the body.

5 |A P E X A C H I E V E R S ’ A C A D E M Y
Gas Exchange in Tissues:

 In the cells, continuous


metabolism of glucose and
other substances results in
the production of CO₂, and
utilization of 0₂.
 The concentration of oxygen
in the cells and tissue fluid
decreases while the
concentration of CO₂ is
higher than in the capillaries.
 Therefore, oxyhaemoglobin
breaks down releasing O₂
diffuses out from the
capillaries into the tissue fluid and then into each and every cell.

6 |A P E X A C H I E V E R S ’ A C A D E M Y
7 |A P E X A C H I E V E R S ’ A C A D E M Y

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