KEY NOTES TO

REMEMBER
" Respiration is essential for survival of living organisms. It releases energy from the food (glucose).
rhe oxygen we inhale 1s used to breakdown glucose into
released in this process. carbon dioxide and water. EnergY 1s
taaplant, the roots take in air present in the soil. Leaves have tiny pores called stomata througn
obich they exchange gases. The breakdown of glucose in the plant
living beings. cells is simnilar to that in other
In animals like cow, buffalo, dog and cat, the
similar to those in humans. respiratory organs and the process of breathing are
In earthworm, the eXchange of gases occurs
through gills and in insects, through the tracheaethrough the moist skin. n fishes, it takes place
" Breathing is a part of the process of (spiracle).
air and gives out air rich in carbon respiration during which an organism takes in the oxygen-rich
dioxide.
in different organisms. In humans, the
The respiratory organs for the exchange of gases vary
main organs are nostrils, nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi and
lungs.
During inhalation, our lungs expand and then come
during exhalation. back to the original state as the air moves
out
" Increased physical activity
enhances the rate of breathing up to 25 times per minute.
" The breakdown of glucose occurs in the
cells of an organism (cellular
" If the food is broken down with the respiration) to release energy.
use of oxygen, it is called aerobic
Occurs without the use of oxygen, the respiration. If the breakdown
" During heavy exercise when the respiration is called anaerobic respiration.
supply of oxygen to our muscle cells is
breakdown occur by anaerobic respiration and produces lactic acid which cause insufficient, food
muscular cramps.
KEY TERMS
Aerobic respiration :The process of
aerobic respiration. respiration that takes place in the presence of oxygen is called
Anaerobic respiration : The process of respiration that
anaerobic respiration. takes place in the absence of oxygen is
called
Alveoli :Tiny air sacs present at the end of
bronchioles.
Breathing:The process of inhalationand exhalation
Bronchi: Tubes that branch out from the trachea and is known as breathing.
Bronchioles : In the lungs, each bronchus (plural enter :
each lung.
bronchioles. bronchi) branches out to very fine tubes
called
Respiration: It is the process of breakingdown of food
Stomata:Tiny pores found in the leaves which helpthe(oxidation) to release energy.
plants to respire are called stomata.
Spiracles: Small openings on the body of insects
through which exchange of gases takes place.
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
A Very Short
Answer Questions (Answer in a word or a
1. Give one word for the sentence).
process ´to release energy by oxidation
2. Name the of food'.
3. How do
respiratory organs of fish.
unicellular organisms respire ?
RESPIRATION IN ORGANISMS 73
 4. Is breathing the same as respiration ?
5. Name the products of aerobic respiration ?
B Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1. In anmoeba, exchange of gases occurs through
2. Small pores in the leaves and young stem, through which exchange of gases occurs are calie:

3. Cellular respiration which occurs without oxygen is known as respiration.

4. When glucose is broken down by oxygen, and are produced.
5. Fishes absorb oxygen from water through
C Match the Columns.
Column A Column B
1. Skin and lungs () Opening of trachea in insects
2. Trachea (ii) Leaves
3. Anaerobic (ii) Windpipe
4. Earthworm (iv) Old stems
5. Stomata (v) Diaphragm
6. Floor of chest cavity (vi) Yeast
7. Lenticels (vii) Frog
8. Spiracles (vii) Skin
D Short Answer Questions Type-I (Answer in one or two sentences).
1. What is respiration ?
2. What is breathing ?
3. What are the main organs of human respiratory system ?
4. Write chemical reaction of anaerobic respiration of yeast.
5. Why we should not water the potted plants, in excess?
E Short Answer Questions Type-II (Answer in 30-40 words).
1. Why does the breathing becomes faster while doing exercise ?
2. An athlete suffers from muscular cramps while running a race. Give reason. How can you
help him to overcome the cramps?
3. Differentiate between breathing and respiration.
4. How is oxygen and carbon dioxide transported in human beings ?
5. What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration ? Name the organism
that uses the anaerobic respiration.
F Long Answer Questions (Answer in 60-70 words).
1. How would you demonstrate that oxygen is used up during respiration ?
2. With the help of a labelled diagram, explain the respiratory system in human.
3. Explain, how air enters and leaves the lungs.
4. How would you show that exhaled air has more of carbon dioxide than inhaled air ?
the lungs.
5. Explain, what happens to the air breathed in, once it reaches
NEW TRENDS IN SCIENCE-7 " 74
 Higher Order Thinking Skills Based Questions.
G :n not advisable to sleep under a
tree at night, give reason.
2. Why do we yawn when we are sleepy or drowsy ?
2 Why do mountaineers climbing high mountains carry oxygen cylinders with them?
e called 4. why
fish dic when taken out of water ?
5. If youhold your breathe for sometime and then relcase it. youhave to breathe heavily after
that. Why ?
H Multiple Choice Questions (Choose the correct option).
1 Which of these allows exchange of gases ?
(a) Excretion (6) Respiration (d) None of these
(c) Digestion
The intake of air rich in Oxygen takes place during :
(a) Inhalation (b) Exhalation (c) Both (a) and (6) (d) None of these
2 Which of these is a respiratory organ of insects?
(a) Nose (b) Gills (c) Lungs (d) Spiracles
4 Air is exchanged in which part of the human respiratory system?
(a) Trachea (b) Bronchi (c) Larynx (d) Alveoli
5. During which process, energy is released ?
(a) Inhalation (b) Exhalation (c) Cellular respiration (d) Diffusion
LFind the missing links.

Nose Nasal cavity Trachea

1!
Bronchioles Bronchi

J Label the given diagram.

RESPIRATION IN ORGANISMS 75
K Assertion and Reason Questions.
The questions in this segment consist of two statements, one labelled as "assertion A and the
other labelled as "reason R". You are to examine these two statements carefully and decide if the
assertion Aand reason R are individually true and if so, whether the reason is a correcr
explanation of the assertion. Select your answers to these items using codes given below.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
1.Assertion (A): In animals like cow, buffalo, dog and cat the respiratory organs and the process of
breathing are similar to those in humans.
Reason (R) : Inearthworm, the exchange of gases occurs through the moist skin. In fishes, it
takes place through glls and in insects through the tracheae.
2. Assertion (A): The respiratory organs of acockroach includes air tubes or trachea. Acockroach
has small openings on the sides ofits body.
Reason (R) : The other insects like grasshopper and housefly also have similar openings.
These openings are called spiracles. Insects have a network of air tubes called
tracheae for gas exchange.
L Case Based Questions.
Respiration is a continuous process which occurs all the time i.e., during the day and night. It is or
two types aerobic (in the presence of oxygen)and anaerobic (in the absence of oxygen). Aerobic
respiration occurs in both plants and animals. In both cases, intake of oxygen and release of water
and carbon dioxide takes place.
Both oesophagus and trachea open into pharynx. Thus, it serves as a common passage for both
food and air.
Alveoli (or air sacs) are richly supplied with blood vessels. The oxygen present in the air we breath
in, goes into the blood flowing in blood vessels of the alveoli. The carbon dioxide present in the
blood passes out of the blood vessels into the alveoli. This exchange of gases takes place in the
alveoli of the lungs.
1. Which of these is not true about cellular respiration?
(a) It releases energy.
(b) It occurs only during the day.
(c) It utilizes oxygen and liberates carbon dioxide.
(d) It occurs in most plants and animals.
2. During respiration, plants
(a) release O2 and take in CO% (b) release H)0 and take in O2
(c) release CO) and take in O2 (d) both (b) and (c).
3. Which of the following organs serves as the common passage for both food and air ?
(a) Pharynx (b) Larynx
() Oesophagus (d) Trachea
4. Where in the respiratory system does oxygen from the air breathed in passes into the blood?
(a) Trachea (b) Bronchi
(c) Bronchioles (d) Alveoli

NEW TRENDS IN SCIENCE-7 76