Vision

To be a world-class Christian academic institution in the

HERCOR COLLEGE heart of Capiz.

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Mission

Riverside Campus To continue to develop as an agile and progressive
Roxas Avenue, Roxas City, Capiz institution of learning committed to providing excellent and
affordable education designed to produce quality and
2nd SEM Academic Year 2021 – 2022 globally competitive graduates who will fear the Lord their
God, walk in all His ways, love Him, serve Him and observe
His commands.

INSTRUCTOR: PRINCESS P. LISTA, LPT EMAIL ADDRESS: CONTACT #:

COURSE CODE: GEC103 COURSE DESCRIPTIVE TITLE: CONTEMPORARY WORLD

CONTEMPORARY WORLD
CDT
Course
Description
No one can dispute the globalization has taken its toll in every
society. This course compiles scholarly studies of sociologists, political
scientists, and academicians on the effects of globalization on social and
economic matters. The influences of globalization upon democracy and
some uncontrolled risks for the national culture and economy and so
forth.

Module Release:

FIN “GLOBAL MEDIA CULTURES – FINAL

AL
Learning Overview

The course is designed primarily for History students, providing a global context within which to place their own research
on particular regions and periods. It will suggest connections between their field and developments elsewhere, as well as a
comparative framework within which to evaluate their research questions. The course may also be of interest to other students in
programmes, notably international relations and politics, economics and development, providing the historical context within
which to place contemporary developments in and against which to test general claims about the world today.

Global Media Cultures | Final Page 1

 Intended Learning
Outcomes
At the end of this week, you are expected to:

 Analyze how various media drive various forms of global integration;

 Explain the dynamics between local and global cultural production;
 Identify the attributes of a global city;
 Analyze how cities serve as engines of globalization; and,
 Analyze the present global population.

Discussions
GLOBAL MEDIA CULTURES

Global media is the mass communication on a global level, allowing people across the world to share and access the same information.

The media have a very important impact on cultural globalization in two mutually interdependent ways:

1. Media provides an extensive transnational transmission of cultural products;

The rapid growing supply of media products from an international media culture presents a challenge to existing local and
national cultures. The sheer volume of supply, as well as the vast technological infrastructure and financial capital that pushes this
supply forward, have considerable impact on local patterns of cultural consumption and possibilities for sustaining and independent
cultural production.

2. Media contribute to the formation of communicative networks and social structures.

Global media cultures create a continuous cultural exchange, in which crucial aspects such as identity, nationality, religion,
behavioral norms and way of life are continuously questioned and challenged.

Due to the structure, global media promote a restructuring of cultural and social communities. The media such as the press,
and later radio and TV have been very important institutions for formation of national communities. The internet for instance, not only
facilitates communication across the globe, but also supports the formation of new social communities in which members can interact
with each other.

Satellite TV and radio allow immigrants to be in close contact with their

homeland’s language and culture while they gradually accommodate to a
new cultural environment.
It is indeed that technologies made people’s lives easier all over the
globe. Today people all over the world have easy access to communicate with
each other and to be aware of the news all over the world.

There are many advantages in global media:

* People have easier access of television, radio, internet and in fact, they have access of others countries’ satellite TV channels.
* Access in many regions in western televisions shows became more popular.
* Global media made it easier for people to learn about other culture via TV shows.

In other words, media cultures take part in the process of globalization, including how they challenge existing cultures and
create new and alternative symbolic and cultural communities.

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 GLOBALIZATION OF RELIGION

Globalization is the networking and expansion of once local products, beliefs, and practices into universal products, beliefs,
and practices often through technology.
Religion is a collection of cultural systems, belief system, and world views that establishes symbols that relate humanity to
spirituality and to moral values.

The Most Known Religions Across the World Are:

1. Roman Catholic – begun in the first century in the Middle East among Jews who believed that Jesus of Nazareth was the
divine son of God. Today, Christianity is practiced by approximately 1.9 B people throughout the world.

2. Islam – Begun in A.D. 622 in the Middle East by followers of Muhammad. Islam includes many of the features of Judaism and
Christianity, including the belief in one god, which Muslims call Allah. Today, Islam is practiced by 1.03B people, primarily in
western and northern countries of Africa, throughout the Middle East, Central Asia, western China, Malaysia, Indonesia, the
Philippines, and US.

3. Hinduism – Begun about 1500 B.C. in India. Hindus believe in many gods and in reincarnation (rebirth of the soul after
death)

4. Buddhism – Begun about 525 B.C. by Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha). Buddhists follow the Hindu belief in reincarnation and
they work to gain inner peace, called Nirvana. Today, Buddhism is practiced by approximately 3.3B people throughout Asia,
from Sri Lanka to Japan.

Religion and Globalization persistently engage in a flexible relationship in which the

former relies on the latter in order to thrive and flourish while at the same time challenging
hybridizing effects. Globalization – due to advent of communication and transportation
technology and the roles played by the media- has contributed to the deterioration and the
blurring of geographical spaces and boundaries. This has resulted apparently in making the
world a small village where people, cultures, and identities come in daily face-to-face contact
with each other.

Information Technologies, transportation means, and the media are deemed

important means on which religionists rely in the dissemination of their religious ideas. For
instance, countless websites providing information about religions have been created. This
makes pieces of information and explanations about different religions readily at the disposal
of any person regardless of his or her geographical location. In addition, internet allows
people to contact each other worldwide and therefore hold forums and debates that allow
religious ideas to spread.

Globalization Affects Religious Practices and Beliefs

Religion has entered the “information age” and has globalized at accelerating
rates, in the methods religions use for teaching and in belief system. Some tools of uniting
people all over the world on religious basis are the following: Books, Movies, Cellphones,
Social Networks, Charity Funds, Special Internet Sites, and Religious Schools.
Therefore, it is now possible for any religion to spread beyond national borders,
allowing even small new religious movements to engage in overseas activities and leading
to new unseen religious developments. Like some celebrities who follow and help in
advertising them. Tom Cruise and Scientology, Kaballah with Madonna, Britney Spears,
Demi Moore, Claudia Schiffer and others.

There are some videos and audios in the Internet where sermons read by
missionaries contains extremist ideas, call for crimes, and murders, and terrorist attacks.
The possibility of communicating with anyone across the world and sharing ideas provoke
the spread of terrorists and expansion of their band.

Religion of Today and for Individual: What is the role of Religion on you?

For some, their religion provides a concrete moral framework for how they should
act, speak, or make decisions in their daily life. They may not even attend a religious
institution and simply follow the rules of their religion for themselves. For others, religion
has a community-wide aspect in their life. Many people in the US go to church on Sunday in
order to feel part of something bigger.
Some people turn to religion at various points in their lives, sometimes when a
terrible thing has happened to them or when they are close to the end of their life. Reading
about the potentials of the afterlife may bring peace to a lot of people concerned with their
own ephemerality.

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 GLOBAL POPULATION AND MOBILITY

In demographics, world population is the total number of humans

currently living. As of April 2019, the world population reaches to 7.7 B. it took
over 200,000 years of human history for the world’s population to reach 1 billion,
and only 200 years more to reach 7 billion.
Total annual births were highest in the late 1980s at about 139 million,
and as of 2011 were expected to remain essentially constant at a level of 135
million. The median age of the world’s population was estimated to be 30.4 years
in 2018. In mid-2019, the UN estimated that the world population had reached
7,713,468,000.
Cities in a globalization world although globalization certainly affects rural and
urban areas, global forces are centered in cities.
It is in cities that global operations are centralized and where we can see
most clearly the phenomena associated with their activities, whether it be changes
in the structure of employment, the formation of powerful partnerships, the
development of monumental real estate, the emergence of new forms of local
governance, the effects of organized crimes, the expansion of corruption, the
fragmentation of informal networks or the spatial isolation and social exclusion of
certain population groups.
The Global City is also called world city or sometimes alpha city or world center is
a city which is a primary node in the global economic network.

Characteristics of Global Cities:

1. A variety of international financial services, notably in finance, insurance, real estate, banking, accountability, and marketing
2. Headquarters of several multinational corporations
3. The existence of financial headquarters, a stock exchange, and major financial institutions
4. Domination of the trade and economy of a large surrounding area
5. Major manufacturing centers with port and container facilities
6. Considerable decision-making power on a daily basis and at a global level
7. Centers of new ideas and innovation in business, culture, politics and sciences.
8. Centers of media and communications for global networks.
9. Dominance of the national region with great international significance.
10. High percentage of residents employed in the services sector and information sector.
11. High-quality educational institutions, including renowned universities, international student attendance, and research facilities
12. Multifunctional infrastructure offering some of the best legal, medical, and entertainment facilities in the country
13. High diversity in language, culture, religion, and ideologies.

A Model City, A Model Country Side

A city or metropolis is a large or important town. When a city grows so large that it
grows into a neighboring city it is called megalopolis.

People’s homes are located in the residential areas of a city. Home are also found in
the suburbs or the residential districts lying just outside a city or town. People live in the
suburbs usually work in the city and benefit from the services the city offers. Beyond the
suburbs are exurbs sparsely populated residential areas typically have much higher college
education levels.

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Global Demography

Demographics is the study of a population based on factors such as age, race and sex.
Governments, corporations, and NGOs use demographics to learn more about a population’s characteristics for many purposes,
including policy development, and economic market research.
Counting People: Population

Population is the total number of people who live in a particular place.

Location is where something like house, school, a store, airport, a mine, or crop field is created or built. It is described in absolute terms
like latitude and longitude.
Location becomes place when it is described in terms of its human or physical characteristics.

Population Data
In studying human populations, geographers use a lot different information called Population Data. These data include basic facts about
human populations in past, present, and projected into the future. The picture below is an example of Population data.

Types of Population Data

1. Average Family Size - is the average number of children in a family in a particular culture
group or religion.

2. Birthrate - Is the number of babies born per year per thousand people.

 Crude Birth Rate – total number of births / total population x 1000.

 General Fertility R|ate – total number of births in an area/female population age
(15-49) in the same area in the same year x 1000.
 General Marital Fertility Rate – number of births in year / married female
population age (15-49) in the same year X 1000.

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How Demographic Information is used?

Most large companies conduct demographic research to determine how to market their product or service and best capture the
target audience. It is valuable to know the current customer and where the potential customer may come in the future.

Stages of Demographic Transition Model

The Demographic Transition model is a generalized description of the changing pattern of mortality, fertility and growth
rates as societies move from one demographic regime to another.
The term was first coined by the American demographer Frank W. Notestein in the mid-twentieth century and expanded by others.
1. Pre-transition – characterized by high birth rates, and high fluctuating death rates.
2. Early transition – the death rates begin to fall as birth rates remain high, the population starts to grow rapidly.
3. Late transition – birth rates start to decline. The rate of the population growth decelerates.
4. Post-transition – low birth rate and low death rates. Population growth is negligible, or even enters a decline.

GLOBAL MIGRATION

“Why do People Move”?

Global Migration is a situation in which people go to live in foreign
countries, especially to find work. Most global migration is from developing
countries to developed ones. Global migration can be understood as a cause and
effect relationship, though the cause are just as numerous as their effects. People
move across international borders for a variety of reasons.

Migration – process of moving, either across an international border or within a

state.
Emigration – process of leaving your country and move to another country.
Immigration – process of entering by which non-nationals move into a country for
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Reasons Why do People Move

1. Economic Reasons
Lack of employment opportunities or differentials in employment opportunities and wages; the lure of a well-paid job in a
wealthy country is a powerful driver of international migration. Lack of educational institutions across developing countries has
also tremendously contributed to the reasons for migration.

2. Political Reasons
The unattractiveness of agricultural activities, disasters, lack of basic amenities (roads, electricity, water and inadequate health
care facilities), and industrial ventures in countries have also encouraged international migration.

3. Social Factors
The things that affects someone’s lifestyle. These could include wealth, religion, buying habits, education level, family size and
structure and population density.

4. Cultural Factors
Culture is vital to understand the implications for translations. Culture range, ideologies, language and dialect, to art and
literacy connects others.

5. Push-Pull Factor
> Reasons to Leave – factors that help migrants decide to leave their home.
> Reasons to Migrate – factors that attract people and area where immigrants are going.

OFW – Overseas Filipino Worker and the Death Penalty: Cases that made Headlines

An Overseas Filipino Worker (Filipino sa Ibayong-Dagat) is a person of Filipino origin who lives outside the Philippines.
This term applies to Filipinos who are abroad indefinitely as citizens or as permanent residents of a different country and to those Filipino
citizens abroad for a limited, definite period, such as on a work contract or as students.

This is not the first time the country has mourned the execution of a fellow Filipino abroad.

On January 25, 2017, the country was shocked to hear that OFW Jakatia Pawa, who claimed innocent in the murder of her
Kuwaiti employer’s 22-year-old daughter, was set to be executed within the day. Last minute protests, prayers, and appeals were made
for the Filipina to be saved but to no avail. Come 3:19 PM, she was announced dead.

Here are some well-known cases of OFW being executed abroad:

Flor Contemplacion’s execution remains one of the most notorious OFW death
penalty cases in PH history. Contemplacion was meted the death penalty in 1995 for the
murder of her 4-year-old ward Nicholas Huang and fellow Filipino worker Delia Maga. Two OFWs
also came as witness claiming that Huang drowned during an epileptic fit and that his father
killed Maga. The court however, ruled their claims were fabrications. The execution triggered
national outrage against the city-state and widespread of protests were held all over the
country. Pre. Duterte was a Davao Mayor burned the flag of Singapore in one of the protest.
Pres. Fidel Ramos wrote a letter to Singapore’s then-President Ong Teng Cheong asking for
clemency on Contemplacion. His request was not granted. Her execution prompted the PH to
downgrades its diplomatic cities.

Mary Jane Veloso

A Nueva Ecija native was detained in Indonesia on April 10, 2010, for smuggling
drugs, a crime punishable by death in a country known for having some of the toughest
anti-drug laws in the world.
She claimed that her recruiter and god sister, Maria Kristina Sergio had dumped her into
flying to Indonesia and with a suitcase bearing 2.6 Kl of heroin hidden in the lining.
Veloso has consistently maintained her innocence. From 2011 to 2015, the PH Gov. led
by Pres. Aquino appealed for clemency from then Indo Pres. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
and his successor, Joko Widodo, both of them denied all requests. By 2015, there was a
growing public outcry to save Veloso. On April 28, Aquino sent a fourth letter of appeal to
Pres. Widodo. By Wednesday, the day of Mary Jane’s execution, all hope seemed lost.
But at the 11th hour, the whole country rejoiced when the Indo government gave Mary
Jane a reprieve.
On August 2016, Veloso appealed to Pres. Duterte for help in “getting justice”.
“I’ve been suffering for so long here in Indo, suffering even though I am innocent. You
are my only hope”, she said. Come 2017, Veloso is still awaiting a verdict in Indonesia.

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Joselito Zapata
A 35-year-old was executed in Saudi Arabia on Dec. 29, 2015 because of a case
of murder with robbery. He was convicted for murder with robbery of his Sudanese
landlord on April 13, 2010 by the Riyadh Grand Court and was sentenced to death after
the family of the victim refused to execute an affidavit of forgiveness (tanazul) in
exchange for blood money.
The family of the victim demanded a payment of P55M, or 5M in Saudi riyal. However the
government was only able to raise about P23 M, failing to save Zapanta from death row.

2011 China Drug Mules

A total of three Filipinos were executed by lethal injection in China in 2011.
On March 30, Sally Ordinario-Villanueva and Ramon Credo were executed in Xiamen.
On the same day, Elizabeth Batain was executed in Shenzhen. The three were
arrested separately in 2008 for smuggling at least four kilos of heroin. China has
strict anti-drug rules and smuggling more than 50grams of heroin or other drug is
punishable by death.

TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE WORLD

Sustainable Development

Sustainable Development refers to the principles for meeting human development

goals while at the same time sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide the natural
resources and ecosystem services upon which the economy and society depend.
As the concept developed, it has shifted to focus more on economic development,
social development and environmental protection for future generations. It has been
suggested that the term “sustainability” should be viewed as humanity’s target goal of
human-ecosystem equilibrium (homeostasis), while sustainable development refers to
the holistic approach and temporal processes that lead us to the end point of
sustainability”.

Sustainability versus Stability

Sustainability is the utilization of resources without compromising the other, of the

future generation. It can hardly be used as solely ecological feature without considering
human perception and impact. While stability is a way to characterized a system behavior
and the quality of being unchanging. Stability is often used to describe buildings or
structures that won't collapse or fall down.

Some Sustainable Development Goals

1. Sustainable Environment. Environmental sustainability concerns the natural

environment and how it endures and remains diverse and productive. Since natural
resources are derived from the environment, the state of air, water, and the climate are of
particular concern. Environmental sustainability requires society to design activities to meet
human needs while preserving the life support systems of the planet. This for example,
entails using water sustainability, utilizing renewable energy, and sustainable materials
supplies.

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 2. Sustainable Agriculture. Sustainable agriculture consists of environment
friendly methods of farming that allow the production of crops or livestock without damage
to human or natural systems. It involves preventing adverse effects to soil, water,
biodiversity, surrounding or downstream resources – as well as to those working or living on
the farm or in neighboring areas.
Elements of sustainable agriculture include permaculture, agroforestry, mixed
farming, multiple cropping, and crop rotation. It involves agricultural methods that enhance
a quality environment for humans to thrive and reclaiming and transforming deserts into
farmlands.

3. Sustainable Development on Environment Economies. The total

environment includes not just the biosphere of the earth, air, and water, but also
human interactions with these things, with nature, and what humans have created
as their surroundings.
As countries around the world continue to advance economically, they put
a strain on the ability of the natural environment to absorb the high level of
pollutants that are created as a part of this economic growth. Therefore, solutions
need to be found so that the economies of the world can continue to grow, but not
at the expense of the public good. In the world of economics, the amount of
environmental quality must be considered as limited in supply and therefore is
treated as a scarce resource. This is a resource to be protected.

4. Sustainable Energy. Sustainable energy is clean and can be used

over a long period of time. Unlike fossil fuels and biofuels that provide the bulk of
the world’s energy, renewable energy sources like hydroelectric, solar and wind
energy produce far less pollution. Solar energy is commonly used on public parking
meters, street lights and the roof of buildings. Wind power has expanded quickly,
its share of worldwide electricity usage at the end of 2014 was 3.1%. These
communities are historically left out during the decision-making process, and often
end up with dirty power plants and other dirty energy projects that poison the air
and harm the area. As renewable energy becomes more common, fossil fuel
infrastructures are replaced by renewables, providing better social equity to these
communities. Overall, and in the long run, sustainable development in the field of
energy is also deemed to contribute to economic sustainability and national
security of communities, thus being increasingly encouraged through investments
policies.

5. Sustainable Technology. One of the core concepts in sustainable

development is the technology that can be used to assist people meet their
developmental needs. Technology to meet these sustainable development needs is
often referred to as appropriate technology.

6. Sustainable Transport. Transportation is a large contributor to

greenhouse gas emissions. It is said that one-third of all gasses produced are due
to transportation. Motorized transport also releases exhaust fumes that contain
particulate matter which is hazardous to human health and a contributor to climate
change.
Sustainable transport has many social and economic benefits that can
accelerate local sustainable development. According to a series of reports by the
Low Emission Development Strategies global Partnership (LEDSGP), sustainable
transport can help create jobs, improve commuter safety through investment in
bicycle lanes and pedestrian pathways, make access to employment and social
opportunities more affordable and efficient. It is also offers a practical opportunity
to save people’s times and household income as well as government budgets,
making investment in sustainable transport a “win-win” opportunity.

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 Global Challenges in Food Security

Malnutrition affects all countries in the world. Malnutrition, including over-and under-nutrition and micro-nutrient deficiencies is
the top contributor to global disease burden. Globally, 800 million people are under-nourished, 2 billion are overweight or obsess and 2
billion are micronutrient deficient.
The vast majority of the world’s hungry live in developing countries. Southern Asia faces the greatest hunger burden, with
about 281 million undernourished people. In sub-Saharan Africa, the current rate of undernourishment is currently around 23 per cent.
Despite decreasing under-nutrition, levels remain unacceptably high.
Despite improved food access at all income levels, diet quality is declining. Notwithstanding recent food production increases,
nutritious foods remain unaffordable for many. The consequences are severe; poor nutrition causes nearly half the deaths in children
under five, and one in four children suffer stunted growth; 66 million primary school-age children attend classes hungry across the
developing world, with 23 million in Africa alone. Without policy changes, obesity will increase in all countries and reach 3.28 billion by
2030, increasing non-communicable disease prevalence and health costs.

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Evaluation

Discuss the following: Provide extra sheet of paper if necessary.

1. What is/are the roles of religion for you?

2. How religion governs your life and your moral framework?
3. Why do people moved or transferred from one place to another? What could be the impact of people’s
movement to the society?
4. Why do some OFW women experience cases of abuses abroad? Cite some examples.
5. Cite at least three toxicants that are major contributors to health problems in the communities.
6. Why agriculture should be sustained?

FINAL OUTPUT

The following are the current issues that we are facing today, (Global and within the Philippines). Choose 1 topic and
make a Reaction paper regarding with your chosen topic. Follow the format, (Introduction, Body, and Conclusion).

 Pandemic
 Lack of Education
 Unemployment
 2022 Election Results
 Government Corruption
 Poverty
 Climate Change

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