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Structural Theory 1 (Moment Area Method)

The course on Structural Theory focuses on various methods for calculating beam deflection, including the Moment Area Method, Double Integration, and Conjugate Beam Method. Key concepts include understanding the elastic curve, bending moment diagrams, and the significance of deflection in structural integrity. The course also includes practical examples and assessment tasks to apply these methods in real-world scenarios.

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255 views46 pages

Structural Theory 1 (Moment Area Method)

The course on Structural Theory focuses on various methods for calculating beam deflection, including the Moment Area Method, Double Integration, and Conjugate Beam Method. Key concepts include understanding the elastic curve, bending moment diagrams, and the significance of deflection in structural integrity. The course also includes practical examples and assessment tasks to apply these methods in real-world scenarios.

Uploaded by

acurvz2005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BSCE 3 – CIEN 306 Structural Theory

Prepared By:

Engr. Antonio P. Curva


Instructor 1
Course Outline

1.Deflection of Beam Using Moment Area Method


2.Deflection of Beam Using Double Integration
3.Deflection of Beam Using Conjugate Beam Method
4.Deflection of Beam Using Superposition Method
5.Analysis of Beam Using Three-Moment Equation
DEFLECTION OF BEAM USING
AREA-MOMENT METHOD
OBJECTIVES

In this course you will learn the following


▪ Importance of computation of deflection.
▪ Computation of deflection using moment area method.
INTRODUCTION
▪ When a structure is subjected to the action of applied loads each
member undergoes deformation due to which the axis of
structure is deflected from its original position.
▪ The deflections also occur due to temperature variations and
lack-of-fit of members.
▪ The deflections of structures are important for ensuring that the
designed structure is not excessively flexible.
▪ The large deformations in the structures can cause damage or
cracking of non-structural elements.
INTRODUCTION
▪ The deflection in beams is dependent on the acting bending
moments and its flexural stiffness.
▪ The computation of deflections in structures is also required for
solving the statically indeterminate structures.
UNDERSTANDING THE BASIC
The area-moment method is is a valuable tool in structural
analysis, providing a semi-graphical approach to determine slopes
and deflections of beams under various loading conditions. It
leverages the relationship between the bending moment diagram
(M/EI) and the elastic curve of the beam.
By applying fundamental principles of mechanics of materials,
engineers can accurately predict the behavior of beams subjected
to external forces and moments.
AREA-MOMENT METHOD
AREA-MOMENT METHOD
AREA-MOMENT METHOD
Key Concepts
▪ Elastic Curve: The deflected shape of a beam under load.
▪ M/EI diagram: A diagram representing the bending moment (M) divided by
the product of the modulus of elasticity (E) and the moment of inertia (I) at
each point along the beam.
▪ Slope: The angle between the tangent to the elastic curve at a point and the
original axis of the beam.
▪ Deflection: The vertical displacement of a point on the beam from its
original position.
AREA-MOMENT METHOD
The Two Theorems- The area-moment method is built on two fundamental
theorems:

Theorem I: The change in slope between two points on the elastic curve is equal
to the area of the M/EI diagram between those points.
Mathematically: θB - θA = (1/EI) * AreaAB
AREA-MOMENT METHOD
Theorem I
AREA-MOMENT METHOD
Theorem II: The deviation of a point B on the elastic curve from the tangent drawn
at point A is equal to the first moment of the M/EI diagram between A and B about
point B.
Mathematically: tB/A = (1/EI) * (AreaAB) * ̄ xB
Moment Area Method
Theorem 2
AREA-MOMENT METHOD

Where:

▪ θB and θA are the slopes at points B and A, respectively.


▪ tB/A is the deviation of point B from the tangent at point A.
▪ Area_AB is the area of the M/EI diagram between points A and B.
▪ ̄ xB is the distance from point B to the centroid of the M/EI diagram area between
A and B.
Rules of Sign

1. The deviation at any point is positive if the point lies above the tangent,
negative if the point is below the tangent.
2. Measured from left tangent, if θ is counterclockwise, the change of slope is
positive, negative if θ is clockwise.
Deflection of Simply Supported Beam – Area Moment Method
Deflection of Cantilever Beam – Area Moment Method

Generally, the tangential deviation ‘t’ is not equal to the beam deflection.
In cantilever beams, however, the tangent drawn to the elastic curve at the
wall is horizontal and coincidence therefore with the neutral axis of the
beam. The tangential deviation in this case is equal to the deflection of the
beam as shown below.
Deflection of Cantilever Beam – Area Moment Method

From the figure above, the deflection at B denoted as δB is equal to the deviation
of B from a tangent line through A denoted as tB/A. This is because the tangent
line through A lies with the neutral axis of the beam
Example 1:

The cantilever beam shown in Figure


has a rectangular cross-section 50 mm
wide by h mm high. Find the height h if
the maximum deflection is not to
exceed 10 mm. Use E = 10 GPa.
Example 1:
Example 1:

Determine the end slope and deflection


of the mid-point C in the beam shown
below using moment area method
Solution:

The M / EI diagram of the beam is shown in the Figure. The slope at A , θA can be
obtained by computing the using the second moment area theorem i.e.
Solution:

The slope at B can be obtained by using the first moment area theorem between
points A and B i.e.
Solution:

It is to be noted that the

The negative sign is because of the slope


being in the clockwise direction. As per
sign convention a positive slope is in the
anti-clockwise direction).
The deflection at the center of the beam
can be obtained with the help of the
second moment theorem between points
A and C i.e.
Example 2:

Using the moment area method,


determine the slope at B and C and
deflection at C of the cantilever beam as
shown in Figure. The beam is subjected
to uniformly distributed load over entire
length and point load at the free end.
Example 2:

Solution:
The moment curves produced by the concentrated load, W and the uniformly
distributed load, W are plotted separately and divided by EI (refer Figures (b) and
(c)). This results in the simple geometric shapes in which the area and locations of
their centroids are known.

Since the end A is fixed, therefore, θA = 0. Applying the first moment-area theorem
between points A and C.
Solution:
Solution:

The slope at B can be obtained by applying the first moment area theorem
between points B and C i.e
Solution:

The deflection at C is equal to the tangential deviation of point C from the tangent to the
elastic curve at A (see
Figure (d)).

∆C = tCA moment of areas under M / EI curves between A and C in Figures (b) and (c) about
C
Example 3:
Determine the end-slopes and deflection at
the center of a non-prismatic simply
supported
beam. The beam is subjected to a
concentrated load at the center.

Solution:

The M/EI diagram of the beam is shown in


Figure (b).
Solution:
Solution:
Determine the slope and deflection at the hinge of the
beam shown in the Figure (a)

Solution:

The bending moment diagram is shown in Figure

Since the end A is fixed, therefore, θA = 0 . Applying the


first moment-area theorem between points A and B
(refer Figure (c)
Solution:

Applying second moment area theorem


between points A and B ,

Applying second moment area theorem


between points B and D ,
Solution:

From the first moment area theorem between points B and D


Example 5:

1. Determine the vertical deflection and slope of point C of the rigid-jointed plane frame shown in
the Figure (a).
Solution:

The M/EI and deflected shape of the frame are shown in the Figures (a) and (b), respectively. As
the point A is fixed implying that θA = 0. Applying first moment area theorem between points A and B ,
Solution:
Example 6:
The cantilever beam shown in Fig. has a rectangular cross-section 50 mm wide by h mm high. Find the height h if the maximum
deflection is not to exceed 10 mm. Use E = 10 GPa.
Example 7:
Determine the slope and deflection at points C of the beam shown in the figure.
Take E = 200 GPa and I = 60(106) mm4
Solution
Solution
Solution
Recap

In this course you have learnt the following

a. Importance of computation of deflection.

b. Computation of deflection using moment area method.

T h a n k Y o u !!!
Assessment Task # 1
1. Determine the slope and deflection at between Point C & D (4.5 meters from A) of the beam shown in the figure.
Take E = 200 GPa and I = 60(106) mm4 & maximum deflection at D.

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