CHAPTER 7

CONGRUENCE OF TRIANGLE

Compendium

A. Concept of congruence
(i)What is congruence
(ii)Extending concept of congruence
B. Congruence of triangles
C. Condition for congruence of triangle
(i)SSS condition
(ii) SAS condition
(iii) ASA condition
(Iv) RHS condition
D. Why is AAA not possible?
E. Four criteria of congruency
F. Special properties of isosceles triangle
G. Two important proof
H. Bird’s-eye view
I. Solved examples
J. Practice yourself
K. Solutions

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A. Concept of congruence
Study the below figures

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(e) (f) (g) (h)

(i) (j) (k) (l)

Can you find the pairs in the above picture which can exactly fit on
each other after rotating the other figure or without rotating?
If we cut these figures out, we will find that Fig. (a) and (b) are of the
same shape and size. That is to state if we put Fig. (a) on top of Fig.
(b) they would fit exactly. Similarly, Fig. (c) fits exactly on Fig. (d); Fig.
(e) fits exactly on Fig. (f). Figs. (g) and (h) although look very much
alike yet they do not fit exactly on each other. Similarly, Figs. (i) and
0); Figs. (k) and (I) do not fit exactly on any other figure given above.

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(i) What is congruence

In geometry, when two figures fit exactly each other, we call them
congruent figure or we say they are in congruence.
For example, Fig. (a) and (b) given below are congruent figures. But
Figs. (g) and (h) given above are not congruent figures. Two
photographs of the same size obtained from the same 'negative' are
another example of congruent figures.

The following pictures also show congruent figures.

90
(b) 90
(a) (c) (d)
180

180
0
180

180
0

(e) (f) (g) (h)

(ii) Extending the concept of congruence

The concept of congruence can be applied to all geometrical figure,

Note:

• Two figures having exactly the same size and shape are said to be
congruent.
• When superposed, they fit over each other exactly. The symbol for
congruence is ≅

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Try and learn

1. If two lines segments have the same length, they are congruent.
∵ AB=CD⇒AB≅CD

2. If two angles measure the same, they

are said to be congruent.
∠ ABC=∠PQR=45°
⇒ ∠ ABC≅ ∠PQR

3. Two circles having the same radius are

r1 r2
congruent. A B
i.e., radius of circle A (r1) = radius of circle
B (r2)

A B P Q
4. Two squares of the same side length
are congruent. Thus, sq ABCD ≅ sq
C D R S
PQRS.

5. Two rectangles having same A B P Q

length and breadth are
congruent. C D R S

Thus, rect. ABCD ≅ rect. PQRS

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Checkpoint-1

1. Study the adjoining figures

carefully and state which of
them are congruent. (If
necessary, measure the
corresponding sides to make
sure).

B. Congruent triangles

Two exactly identical triangles are congruent (i.e., if they are of the
same size and shape). Trace ∆ABC and ∆XYZ. Cut them out and place
one over the other.
Do they fit exactly? You will notice
that ∠A = ∠X, ∠B = ∠Y, = ∠Z, AB = XY, BC
= YZ and AC = XZ. These equal angles
and sides will coincide when one
triangle is placed or superposed over
the other.

Using the method of superposition, i.e., by placing the figures one

over another that we can verify whether the given figures are
congruent. In two congruent figures, the angles and sides that
coincide by virtue of superposition are said to correspond. They are
also termed as corresponding angles and corresponding sides ,
respectively.

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Here, as the two triangles, ABC and XYZ are congruent. Thus, their
corresponding sides and corresponding angles are equal. We
express in short form as ∆ABC≅ ∆XYZ (The symbol = means "is
congruent to")
Note:
In congruent triangles, the corresponding angles are opposite to
equal sides and corresponding sides are opposite to equal angles.
Using arrows to indicate corresponding parts, we have
AB⟷ XY BC⟷ YZ CA ⟷ZX ∠A⟷∠X ∠B⟷∠Y ∠C⟷∠Z

Try and learn

Name the corresponding parts for the triangles drawn in the

following diagrams:

1. Given: ∆ABD≅ ∆CDB

Sol. AD⟷CB, AB⟷CD, BD⟷DB,
∠ADB⟷∠CBD, ∠DAB⟷∠BCD,∠ ABD⟷∠CDB.

Checkpoint-2

1. Name the corresponding parts for the triangles drawn in the

following diagram?
2. ∆ABC≅ ∆PQR

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CONGRUENCE OF TRIANGLE
2. ∆ABC≅ ∆FED

3. ∆ABC≅ ∆RPQ

4. ∆LMN≅ ∆YZX

C. Condition for congruence of triangles

Now we will state various test for congruence
(I) SSS Congruency
(1) Given to us the lengths of the three sides (SSS)
Draw two triangles ABC and XYZ separately on a sheet of paper, with
AB = XY = 4 cm, BC = YZ = 6cm and
CA = ZX = 3 cm. Cut out these
triangles, and place them one over

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the other. We see that these two triangles fit exactly. Therefore, they
are congruent figures.
In general, if the three sides of one
triangle are equal to the
corresponding sides of the other
triangle, then both the triangles are
said to be congruent. Abbreviation for
reference: (SSS)

(ii)SAS Congruency
(2) Given are the lengths of two sides and an angle (SAS)
Construct a triangle having sides 2 cm and 3 cm, and with an angle
measuring 30°.
Case 1. Let us assume that the angle is between the given sides. A
shown, there are two possible cases. The triangles are congruent
(although one is "turned over"). We can test this by copying the two
triangles and cutting them out. Do they fit exactly?
A corresponds to X, B corresponds to Y, C corresponds to Z.
Case 2. Suppose that the angle is not between the given sides.
Then there are several possible triangles. The figures below show
three such triangles.

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As we can clearly see, the triangles have different sizes and, hence, are
not congruent. Thus, two triangles are not necessarily congruent even
if the lengths of two sides and the angle not lying between the two
given sides, termed as non-included angle, of a triangle, are equal to
the lengths of corresponding two sides and the non-included angle of
the other one.
Two triangles are congruent if the two triangles have two
corresponding sides equal, and the angle included between them
also equal. Abbreviation for reference: (SAS)

(iii) ASA Congruency

Case 3. Given is the measure of two angles and the length of one
side. (ASA)
(a) If we wish to construct a triangle having one side 2 cm, and two
angles 30° and 40°. Some possibilities are:
These two triangles are congruent.
∆ABC ≅ ∆PRQ (ASA -7ivo angles and
the included side)
(b) A, B, and C correspond to P, R and Q,
respectively. Again the two triangles are
congruent. ∆ABC ≅ ∆PRQ

(AAS-Two interior angles and the side opposite to any one of them)
Note that A corresponds to P, B corresponds to R, C corresponds to Q.
Work out further possibilities for yourself. You will find that the
triangles in each case are congruent.

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If two triangles have two angles and one corresponding

side equal, the two triangles are congruent. Abbreviation
for reference: (ASA) or (AAS)

Note:
1. The two equal sides must be
corresponding sides, i.e., opposite to
angles which are known to be equal.
For example, in the adjoining figure,
∠A = ∠Q, ∠C = ∠R, and side AB = side PR. These triangles are not
congruent because the equal sides AB and PR are not opposite to
equal angles. If instead of PR, the side PQ was equal to the side AB,
the triangles would be congruent.
2. By ∠ sum property of a ∆', you can always find the third angle of a
triangle whose two angles are known.
(iv)RHS Congruence
Case 4. Given are the
hypotenuse and one leg of a
right-angled triangle. (RHS)
Construct a right-angled triangle
when the hypotenuse is 7 cm, and
one of the legs is 4 cm.
Two triangles are possible out of this given 7 cm data as shown here.
We will realize that the two triangles are congruent (check this out).
If the hypotenuse and one of the legs of a right-angled triangle is
equal to the hypotenuse and one of the legs of another right-angled
triangle, the two triangles are congruent. Abbreviation for reference:
(RHS)

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(v) AAA is not possible, why?

Case 5. Given the three angles of a triangle

Construct a triangle whose angles are 80°, 60° and 40°. Here it is
possible to draw an infinite number of triangles satisfying the above
data. The figures below show four such triangles.

All the triangles drawn are of the same shape but not of the same size.
We say that the triangles are similar but not congruent. Thus, two
triangles are not necessarily congruent if their corresponding angles
are equal.

E. Four test of congruency

The four tests for congruent triangles are summarised in the

following table:
1.SSS Three sides
correspondingly
equal

2.SAS Two sides and the

included angle
correspondingly
equal.

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3.ASA Two angles and
the included side
correspondingly
equal.

Two and the side

AAS opposite to one of
them
correspondingly
equal.

4.RHS The hypotenuse

and one side
correspondingly
equal.
(rt.∠d ∆s)

Checkpoint-3

Check whether the following pairs of triangles are congruent or not.

If they are, give reasons.

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F. Special properties of isosceles triangle

Activity 1. Draw on a piece of paper an isosceles triangle ABC in which

AB = AC; cut it out and fold it in two so that B falls on C. It will be seen
that
(i) AB lies along with AC. (ii) Part BD of the base falls on part DC.
(iii) ∠BAD fits ∠CAD.
In fact, the two parts made by the crease shown by the line AD exactly
fit each other. We conclude from (ii) that BD - DC and as ∠BDA fits
∠CDA so ∠BDA = ∠CDA,but ∠BDA + ∠CDA = st. angle, i.e. ∠BDC =2rt.∠s.
Hence each of the angles BOA and CDA is a right angle, i.e., AD⊥ BC.
Repeat this activity in case of an equilateral triangle ABC. The same
results will be found to be true in this case also.

Property 1. The angles opposite equal sides in an isosceles triangle are

equal.
Property 2. In an isosceles and an equilateral triangle, the
perpendicular drawn from the vertex to the base bisects both the base
of the triangle and its vertical angle.
Activity 2. Draw a ∆ABC in which ∠B = ∠C. Cut it
out and fold it so that the point B falls on C. It will
be seen that AB falls along with AC, and the part
BD of the base falls on DC, the crease meeting BC
at D.

Property 3. If two angles o.fa triangle is equal, then the sides opposite
these angles are also equal, i.e., the triangle is isosceles.

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G. Two important proof using congruency
Proofs: The following proofs also show an important application of
congruent triangles.

(1) For an isosceles triangle with two

equal sides, then the angles opposite
those sides are equal.

Isosceles ∆ABC is given, and AB = BC. We

wish to prove that ∠A = ∠C. We begin by
drawing the bisector of ∠B, namely BD.
Statements Reasons
AB = CB Given
∠ a=∠b Construction
BD = BD Common
∴ ∆ABC≅ ∆CBD SAS
∴∠A=∠C Corr.∠s of congruent ∆s

(2)For an isosceles triangle with two equal angles, the sides

opposite those angles are also equal.

A ∆ABC is given in which ∠A = ∠C. We wish to prove that AB = BC. In

this case, also, we begin by drawing the bisector of ∠B, namely BD.

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Statements Reasons
∠A=∠C Given
∠ a=∠b Construction
BD = BD Common
∴ ∆ABC≅ ∆CBD AAS
∴AB = CB Corr.∠s of congruent ∆s

Checkpoint-3

1. In ∆ABC, ∠A = ∠B = 50°. Name the pair of sides which are equal.

2. ∆ABC is isosceles with AB = AC. If ∠A = 40°.∠B = ?

Bird’s-eye view
1. A plane figure F1 is said to be congruent to F2, if F1, when superposed
over F2, fits it exactly. The symbol ‘≅ ‘ is
used to indicate 'is congruent to'.
2. Congruence of triangles: Two
triangles are congruent if pairs of
corresponding sides and
corresponding angles are equal.
3. Conditons of congruence of triangles. Two triangles are
congruent if

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i. Both triangles have all respective

sides equal. (SSS condition)
ii. Two sides and included interior
angle of one are respectively equal to
the two sides, and the included interior
angle of the other: (SAS condition)
iii. Two interior angles and the included side of one are respectively
equal to the two angles and the side included of the other (ASA
condition)
iv. Two interior angles and any side of
one are respectively equal to the
two angles and corresponding
side of the other (AAS condition).
v. Two right triangles are termed as congruent if the hypotenuse
and one of the legs of a triangle are respectively equal to the
hypotenuse and a corresponding side of the other (RHS
condition).
4. Two congruent figures are equal in
area. But two figures, equal in area
need not be congruent, e.g., the two
rectangles shown in the figure have
equal areas, but they are obviously not congruent.
5. In an isosceles triangle, the angles opposite to the equal sides are
equal. Thus, in ∆ABC, AB = AC ⇒ ∠B = ∠C.
Similarly, in an isosceles triangle the
sides opposite to the equal angles are equal.

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6. Each interior angle of an equilateral triangle is equal to 60°.

A
7. The bisector of the vertical angle of an
isosceles triangle bisects the base at right
angles. Thus, in isosceles ∆ABC, AD is the
bisector of ∠BAC = AD ⊥BC, and BD = DC.
B C
D

Solved examples

1. AP and BQ are perpendiculars to AB. It is also

given the mid-point of the line segments AB
and PQ.
Sol. Given. AP ⊥ AB, BQ ⊥ AB, AP = BQ.
To prove: AO = BO, PO = QO.
Proof :
Statements Reason
∠A = ∠B Each = 90°
∠AOP = ∠BOQ Vert. Opp. ∠s
AP = BQ Given
∴ ∆PAO ≅ ∆QBO AAS
∴AO = BO Corresponding parts of congruent
PO = QO ∠s.
Proved

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2. AB and CD intersect each other at O
and O is the mid-point of both AB and
CD. Prove that AC = BD and AC II BD.
Sol. Given. AO = BO and CO = DO.
To prove: AC = BD and AC II BD.
Proof:

Statements Reason
In ∆s AOC and BOD Given
AO = BO Vert.opp. ∠s
∠AOC = ∠BOD Given
CO = DO SAS
∴ ∆AOC ≅ ∆BOD Corresponding parts of congruent
∴AC = BD ∆s.
∠CAO = ∠DBO ∠CAO and ∠DBO are alt. ∠s
∴ AC || BD
Proved

3. AX is the bisector of ∠BAC; P is any point

on AX. Prove that the perpendiculars drawn
from P to AB and AC are equal.
Sol. Given: An angle BAC is bisected by AX.
From any point P on AX, PM and PN are
drawn perpendiculars to AB and AC
respectively.
To prove: PM= PN.
Proof:

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Statements Reason
∠M = ∠N Each is 90°
∠1 = ∠2 AX bisects ∠BAC
AP = AP Common(Given)
∴∆AMP (AAS )
≅∆ANP Corresponding parts of congruent ∆s.
∴PM = PN
PO = QO
Proved

4. In ∆ABC, ∠A= ∠B = 50°. Name the pair of sides which are equal.
Sol. In ∆ABC, we have ∠A= ∠B.
⇒ BC = AC
5. In the figure drawn below, ∆ABC is isosceles with AB = AC. If ∠A =
40°. What are the values of x and y?
Sol: In ∆ABC , we have
AB = AC ⇒ ∠ACE = ∠ABC.
Now, by Angle Sum Property of a ∆,
∠A + ∠ACB + ∠ABC = 180°
or 40° + 2∠ABC = 180° ⇒2∠ABC= 180° - 40° = 140°
140∘
∴ ∠ABC = =70∘ ∴∠ABC=∠ACB=70∘
2

But ∠ABC+x=180° (Linear pair)

Or 70°+x=180° ∴x=180°-70°=110°
Also ABC+y=180° (Linear pair)
Or 70°+y=180° ∴y=180°-70°=110°

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6. In the given figure, measures of some angles are indicated. Find
measures of ∠B and ∠C. Is ∆ABC isosceles? If so, name the two sides
that are equal.
Sol. ∠ABX + ∠ABC = 180° (Linear pair)
or 130° + ∠ABC =180°
∠ABC= 180° - 130° = 50°
Now, by Angle Sum Property of a A,
∠A + ∠ABC + ∠C = 180°
or 80° + 50° + ∠C= 180°•
∴ ∠C = 180° - 130° = 50°
Hence ∠ABC = ∠C = 50°
Now, in ∆ABC, we have ∠ABC = ∠C ⇒AC = AB
Hence, ∆ABC is isosceles.
7. Find the value of x and y
in the given triangles
congruent under ASA, ∆PQR
= ∆STU.
Sol. Given: ∆PQR = ∆STU (By ASA rule)
∠Q = ∠T = 60° (given)
̅ R = ̅TU = 4 cm (given)
Q
∠x = 30° (for ASA rule)
Now in ∆STU,
∠S + ∠T + ∠U = 180° (Angle sum property)
∠y + 60° + ∠x =180°
∠y + 60° + 30° = 180°
∠y + 90° = 180°
∠y = 180° - 90° = 90°

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Hence, x = 30° and y = 90°.
8. In the given figure, PR = QS, AP = BQ. Show
that ∆APS = ∆BQR.
Sol :
In ∆APS and ∆BQR
AP = BQ (Given)
PR = QS (Given)
PR + RS = QS + RS (Adding RS to both sides)
PS = QR
∠APS = ∠BQR = 90° (Given)
∆APS = ∆BQR (by SAS rule)
9. If the lengths of two sides of an isosceles triangle are 8 cm and 5
cm, find the perimeter of the triangle.
Sol: Since the lengths of two sides of an isosceles triangle are equal,
thus

Case I: The three sides of the triangle can be 5 cm, 5 cm and 8 cm.
Hence,Perimeter of the triangle = 5 cm + 5 cm + 8 cm = 18 cm
Case II: The three sides of the triangle can be 5 cm, 8 cm and 8 cm.
Hence,Perimeter of the triangle = 5 cm + 8 cm + 8 cm = 21 cm
The required perimeter is either 18 cm or 21 cm.
10. Write the rule of congruence for the following pairs of congruent
triangles.

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 CHAPTER 7
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Sol. (i) Here, AB = ST = 3 cm

BC = TU = 4.5 cm

∠ABC = ∠STU = 110°

∆ABC = ∆STU (By SAS rule)

(ii) Here ∠PQR = ∠MNL = 90°

hypt. PR = hypt. ML

QR = NL = 3 cm

∆PQR = ∆MNL (By RHS rule)

Very Short Answer Type (Each carries one mark)

1. Fill in the blanks:
i. Two angles are termed as congruent if they have equal …..
ii. In ∆ABC, the included angle between BC and CA is …..
iii. If ∆ABC≅ ∆DEF, than AC=……..
iv. When two sides and the ……. of a triangle are respectively equal
the corresponding parts of another triangle, the two triangles are
termed as congruent by SAS condition.
v. Two right triangles are congruent if the ……. and one side of a
triangle are respectively equal to the corresponding parts of the
second triangle.

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2. True (T) or False (F)
i. Two line segments are congruent if they are parallel.
ii. Two right triangles are always congruent by RHS.
iii. If two rectangles are equal in area, they are congruent.
iv. Two triangles with angles 40°, 60° and 80° are congruent by AAA
criterion.
v. Two congruent figures fit each other exactly when one is put over
the other.
Multiple Choice Type (MCQs)
3. By which congruence condition are the two triangles in the given
figure congruent?
a. SAS
b. RHS
c. SSS
d. ASA

4. Name the congruence condition, if any, that can be used to prove

the given ∆s congruent?
a. ASA
b. SAS
c. AAS
d. None
5. In the given figure, AB = DC, AC = DB. Which third matching part
would you use to prove ∆ABC≅ ∆DCB?
a. ∠B =∠C
b. ∠A=∠C
c. BC = CB
d. ∠AEB=∠DEC

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6. In congruent triangles, ABC and PQR, three quality relation
between some corresponding parts are AB = QP,∠B=∠Q and
∠C=∠R.Which congruence condition is used here?
a. SAS
b. ASA
c. SSS
d. AAS
7. In the given isosceles ∆ABC(AB = AC),AD ⊥ BC. By which
congruence condition can we show ∆ABD≅ ∆AXD?
a. SSS
b. RHS
c. SAS
d. AAS

Short Answer Type (Each carries two marks)

8. Which two triangles are congruent and by which criteria:

9. Find two pair of congruent and by which criteria:

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10. Find two pair of congruent and by which criteria:

11. In the diagrams, of the following figures, name the triangle

which is congruent to ∆ABC, keeping the letters in the right
order. State the congruence condition also.

12. In the following, name the congruent

triangles and state the congruence
condition.
Ex: ∆ABE≅ ∆DCE; side-angle-side(SAS).

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13. In the following figure, state the condition

you would use to show that ∆ABC and ∆CDE
are congruent.

14. In the figure, ABCD is a rhombus. Are ∆ADC and

∆ ABC congruent triangles? What can you state
about ∆ABD and ∆BCD?

15. In this figure, TS || PQ and TS = PQ. Prove that

the triangles PQR and STR are congruent.

16. ∆PRQ≅ ∆LMN, if PQ = 6 cm , PR =

5 cm and ∠P =50°,find NL and ∠P =
50°, find NL and ∠L if LM = 5 cm.

17. AP and BQ are perpendicular to AB. Also,

Q
it is given that AP = BQ. Show that O is the
A
midpoint of the line segments AB and PQ. O B

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CHAPTER 7
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18. AB and CD intersect each other at O and O

is the midpoint of both AB and CD. Prove that
AC = BD and AC || BD.

19. AB and CD intersect each other at O and O is

the midpoint of both AB and CD. Prove that AC
= BD and AC || BD.

20. In the given figure, state the rule for

congruence followed by congruent triangles
LMN and ONM.

21. In the given figure, ABC is an isosceles triangle

in which AB = AD. Also, D is a point satisfying the
condition BD = CD. Prove that AD bisects ∠A and
∠D.

22. In the given figure, AD is the bisector of ∠A

such that AD ⊥ BC. Show that ABC is an isosceles
triangle.

23. ∆ABC is an equilateral triangle. C is the

midpoint of DE. ∠DAC and ∠EBC are equal
and supplementary. Prove ∆DAC≅ ∆EBC.

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P
24. In the figure shown, PQR is a triangle
having PQ = PR. QM and RN are the N
M

medians of the triangle. Show that

(i) ∆NQR =∆MRQ
Q R
(ii) QM = RN
(iii) ∆PMQ =∆PNR

25. In the given figure, ∠P=∠C, PQ = CB, PA =

CR. Is ∆QPR =∆BCA? If yes, state the
criterion of congruence

26. In the given figure, is ∆ABC =∆EOD? If

yes, state the criterion of congruence.

27. In the figure given, PQ || RS and PQ = RS. Show

that ∆PUQ=∆SUR.

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28. In the given figure ∆BAC=∆QRP by

SAS criterion of congruence. What is the
value of x and y?

29. Observe the figure and state the three

parts of equal in triangle ABC and DCB.
(i) Is ∆ABC=∆DCB? Why?
(ii) Is AB = DC? Why?
(iii) Is AC = DB? Why?

30. In the given figure, ∆QPS=∆SRQ. Find each

value
(i) x
(ii) ∠PQS
(iii) ∠PSR

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 CHAPTER 7
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1. AB and CD bisect each other at K. Prove that

AC = BD.

2. The sides BA and CA have been produced such

that BA = AD and CA = AE. Prove that DE|| BC.

3. OA = OB, OC = OD, ∠AOB = ∠ COD. Prove that

AC = BD

4. If AB and MN bisect each other at O and AM

and BN are perpendiculars on XY, prove that
∆s, OAM and OBN are congruent and hence
prove that AM = BN.

5. ∠XYZ is bisected by YP.L is any point on YP

and MLN is perpendicular to YP. Prove that LM
= LN.

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6. In the figure, PM=PN, PM ⊥ AB and PN ⊥ AC.

criteria for congruency of triangle
∆APN and ∆APM

7. In the figure, AD = BC and AD || BC. Prove that

AB = DC.

8. In the given figure, triangles ABC and DCB are

right angles at A and D respectively and AC =
DB. Prove that ∆ABC≅ ∆DCB.
9. (a) What will be the other angles of a right-angled isosceles
triangle?
(b) Can you draw an obtuse-angled isosceles triangle?
10. (a) The vertical angle of an isosceles triangle measures 110°. What
must be the size of each of its base angles?
(b) what is the measure of each exterior angle of an equilateral
triangle?
11. ∆ABC is isosceles with AB = AC, if ∠A =80°. What is measure of ∠B?
12. In ∆ABC, ∠A =∠B=50°. Name the pair of sides which are equal.
13. In a ∆PQR, ∠Q =44° and ∠P =92°. The pair of equal sides is
a. PQ and PR
b. QR and PQ
c. QR and PR
d. None

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CONGRUENCE OF TRIANGLE
14. ABCD is a square and ABE is ana equilateral
triangle on the side AB of the square.∠DAE
measure
a. 60°
b. 45°
c. 30°
d. 15°
15. If ∆ABC and ∆XYZ are equilateral triangles and AB = XY, the
condition under which ∆ABC≅ ∆XYZ is
a. ASA
b. RHS
c. SSS
d. AAS
16. In the given figures, what must be the
value of x to prove ∆ABC≅ ∆DEC by SAS?
a. 15°
b. 25°
c. 75°
d. 65°
17. ∠A=∠D =90°. ∆ABE≅ ∆DCE by the
congruence conditions.
a. SAS
b. RHS
c. SSS
d. ASA

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CONGRUENCE OF TRIANGLE
18. ABCDE is a regular pentagon. Show that
∆ABC≅ ∆AED.

19. ABCD is a straight line where AB = BC = CD. P is a point not lying

on the straight line such that PB = PC Prove that PA = PD.

20. Two sides of an isosceles triangle measure 5 cm and 8 cm Find the

perimeter of the triangle.
A

21. One of the equal interior angles of an

isosceles triangle measure 50°. Find all the angles
of this triangle. B C
22. In ∆ABC,AC = BC and ∠C =110°.Find ∠s, A and
B.

23. One angle of an equilateral ∆ is 60°; what are the measures of the
remaining two angles?

24. Find ∠a if the given triangle is equilateral.

25. Answer yes or no; AB = AC and AD ⊥ BC. Is

∠BAD = ∠CAD?

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 CHAPTER 7
CONGRUENCE OF TRIANGLE

Solutions
.

Checkpoint 3
(i) SSS (ii) No (iii) SAS (iv) No (v) AAS.
(vi) RHS
Checkpoint 4
1) CA = CB 2) Angle B = 70

Novice level

1. (i) Measure (ii) Angle C (iii) DF (iv) Included angle

(v) Hypotenuse
2. F , F , F , F , T
3 c 4d
5 c 6 d
7 b 8 △ABC≅△DEF(SAS)
9 All are congruent
10 △CDE≅△BQS , △QRM≅△PNT
11 (i) △XCY(SAS) (ii) △BQS(ASA)
(iii) △ACD(RHS) (iv) △ABT(SSS)
(v) △ACP(SAS) (vi) △ARC(RHS)

12) (i) △ABC≅△DEF(SSS) (ii) △CAB≅△FDE(ASA)

(iii) △ABD≅△CDB (iv) △AED≅△BFC(ASA)

13) SAS

14) Yes, △ADC≅△ABC. No , △AB𝐷 and △BCD are not congruent

16) NL = 6 cm , Angle L = 50

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CHAPTER 7
CONGRUENCE OF TRIANGLE
20) SSS 25) ASA

26) RHS 28) x = 25 , y = -5

29) x = 47 , angle PQS = 32 , Angle PSR = 84

Advanced level

6) RHS 9) (45 , 45 ) | Yes

10) a) 35 b) 120 11) 50

12) AC = BC 13) a

14) c 15) c

16) b 17) d

21) 50 , 50 , 80 22) 35, 35

24) 120 25) Yes

END

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