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Basic Cal q2 Lesson 1

The document discusses applications of differentiation in various fields such as business, temperature monitoring, and population dynamics. It also introduces the concept of antidifferentiation, explaining it as the inverse operation of differentiation, and outlines basic rules of integration. Key formulas and examples for calculating integrals of different functions are provided.

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llemosaj30
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9 views25 pages

Basic Cal q2 Lesson 1

The document discusses applications of differentiation in various fields such as business, temperature monitoring, and population dynamics. It also introduces the concept of antidifferentiation, explaining it as the inverse operation of differentiation, and outlines basic rules of integration. Key formulas and examples for calculating integrals of different functions are provided.

Uploaded by

llemosaj30
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASIC

CALCULUS
Applications of Differentiation

to calculate business profit and loss


Applications of Differentiation

To monitor temperature changes


Applications of Differentiation

To calculate the distance or speed travelled


Applications of Differentiation

Population growth or decay


Applications of Differentiation

To solve for maximum and minimum measurements


ANTIDIFFERENTIATION
Lets consider the function:
𝒚 = 𝒙𝟓
𝒅𝒚
= 𝒏𝒙𝒏−𝟏
𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒚
= 𝟓𝒙𝟓−𝟏
𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒚
= 𝟓𝒙𝟒
𝒅𝒙
Also, if:
𝒚 = 𝒙𝟓 + 𝟑
𝒅𝒚
= 𝒏𝒙𝒏−𝟏 + 𝟎
𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒚
= 𝟓𝒙𝟓−𝟏 + 𝟎
𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒚
= 𝟓𝒙𝟒
𝒅𝒙
Similarly, if:
𝒚 = 𝒙𝟓 − 𝟐
𝒅𝒚
= 𝒏𝒙𝒏−𝟏 − 𝟎
𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒚
= 𝟓𝒙𝟓−𝟏 − 𝟎
𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒚
= 𝟓𝒙𝟒
𝒅𝒙
In general, the derivative of: 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟓 + 𝑪,
where C is any constant, is: 𝟓𝒙𝟒

𝒅𝒚
Now reversing the process, from: = 𝒏𝒙𝒏−𝟏 ,
𝒅𝒙

The result would be: 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟓 + 𝑪


Hence, the process of reversing the operation of
differentiation is called:

Antidifferentiation
or
Indefinite Integration
Therefore, if the derivative of 𝒙𝟓 is 𝟓𝒙𝟒 ,
then the antiderivative of 𝟓𝒙𝟒 is 𝒙𝟓 + 𝐜.

Aside from 𝒙𝟓 , can you give another


antiderivative of 𝟓𝒙𝟒 ?
Antidifferentiation
or Indefinite Integration is the process
of finding the antiderivative. It is the inverse
operation of differentiation.
Antiderivative
A function 𝐹 is an antiderivative of the
function 𝑓 on an interval I if 𝐹 ′ 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 ,
for every value of x in I.
Also called the Integral.
Integral sign
or

General
antiderivative

If 𝐹 is an antiderivative of 𝑓
Basic Rules of
Integration
Integral of zero

න 0 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑐
Integral of a constant
න 𝑘 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑘𝑥 + 𝑐
Where k is any constant.
Integral of a variable with power
𝑛+1
𝑛
𝑥
න 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐
𝑛+1
Where n ≠ 𝟏
Integral of a constant times a function

න 𝑘 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = [𝑘 න 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥] + 𝑐
Integral of sum and difference
න 𝑓 𝑥 ± 𝑔 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =

න 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ± න 𝑔 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
Integral of exponential functions:
𝑥
𝑎
න 𝑎 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐
ln(𝑎)
Where 𝒂 > 𝟎, 𝒂 ≠ 𝟏
Integral of logarithmic functions:
න 𝑥 −1 𝑑𝑥 = ln(𝑥) + 𝑐
Integral of trigonometric functions:
න cos(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = sin(x) + 𝑐 න c𝑠 𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −cot(x) + 𝑐

න sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −cos(x) + 𝑐 න sec x tan(x)𝑑𝑥 = sec(x) + 𝑐

න se𝑐 2 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = tan(x) + 𝑐 න csc x cot x 𝑑𝑥 = −csc(x) + 𝑐

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