Green Jobs

serial no. article name definition of green job characteristics of green job methods and variables used in the Jobs sector Green job criteria
paper

1 Journal of environmental Green jobs are employment Green jobs are defined by their The research employs several key Agriculture YES

management by A. Sulich opportunities that contribute to contribution to environmental variables to analyze green jobs and Forestry YES
(Wroclaw University of environmental sustainability by sustainability, spanning diverse sectors their impact, particularly on youth
Fishing YES
Economics) Ł. Popławski promoting the conservation and such as agriculture, manufacturing, and employment. These variables
Mining NO
(Cracow University of restoration of natural resources, renewable energy. They focus on include:
Economics) M. Rutkowska reducing pollution, and enhancing resource efficiency, minimizing Quarrying NO
(Wroclaw University of supporting the transition to a pollution, and supporting ecological 1. Number of Green Jobs: The total Oil and gas extraction NO
Technology) low-carbon economy across preservation, while aligning with count of jobs categorized as green
Manufacturing Yes (if focused
various sectors, including sustainable development goals. within the study's context. on sustainable
practices)
renewable energy, sustainable Additionally, these jobs encourage
agriculture, and waste innovation and entrepreneurship, often 2. Number of Young People Construction Yes (if focused on
sustainable
management. shaped by regulatory frameworks aimed Transitioning into Green Jobs: The building practices)
at promoting sustainable practices. count of young individuals
Retail trade NO
(typically aged 16-24) taking up
Transportation and Yes (if focused on
green jobs as their first warehousing sustainable
employment. transport)
Utilities
Yes (if focused on
3. Economic Indicators: Various renewable energy)
socio-economic factors influencing Information NO
job markets, particularly post the
Finance and insurance
2008-2009 economic crisis. NO
Real Estate, Rental, and
Leasing NO
4. Statistical Measures: Utilization
Education
Yes (if focused on
of methods such as Hellwig’s
environmental
pattern method to classify education)
countries based on the relationship Health
NO
between the number of green jobs Accommodation and food
services
and youth employment. Yes (if focused on
sustainable
practices)

2 Green economy and green jobs: green jobs are linked to the They contribute to preserving or The research employs various Agriculture YES

Myth or reality? The case of shift from fossil fuels to restoring the environment, such as variables of measure to assess the Forestry YES
China’s power The authors are renewable energy sources, reducing pollution or conserving natural impacts of green economy policies
Fishing YES
Wenjia Cai, Can Wang, Jining which not only aims to resources. on employment in China's power
Mining NO
Chen, and Siqiang Wang from reduce greenhouse gas generation sector. Key variables
Tsinghua University and the emissions but also seeks to include: Quarrying NO
National Energy Administration generate employment Oil and gas extraction NO
in China opportunities 1. Direct and Indirect Employment
Manufacturing Yes (if focused
Impacts: on sustainable
practices)
- Direct jobs refer to those created Construction Yes (if focused on
green building
within the renewable energy sector practices)
itself, while indirect jobs represent
Retail trade No (generally not
those generated in related sectors considered green but
can be sustainable)
due to the economic activity
stimulated by the renewable energy Transportation and Yes (if focused on
warehousing sustainable
sector. transport)
Utilities
Yes (if focused on
- For instance, the paper reports renewable energy)
that from 2006 to 2009, the
Information NO
introduction of renewable energy
Finance and insurance
policies resulted in approximately NO
170,000 direct jobs and indirect Real Estate, Rental, and
Leasing yes
impacts that were significant
Education
enough to alter overall employment Yes (if focused on
environmental
trend.
education)
Health
2. Percentage Increases in YES
Accommodation and food
Renewable Energy Share: services Yes

- The study quantifies employment

impacts based on incremental
increases in the share of different
renewable energy types, outlining
specific employment growth per
percentage increase in energy
generation technologies. For
example, a 1% increase in solar PV
generation correlates with a 0.68%
rise in total employment.

3. Net Job Gains or Losses:

- The research calculates overall job

gains or losses associated with
specific policies during designated
periods (2006-2009 and 2006-
2010), highlighting the net effect of
those policies

3 "Ecological Economics" An ecologically sustainable Characteristics of a green job The study employs a taxonomy Agriculture YES
 Katharina Bohnenberger job contributes to include:Environmental Contribution: approach to classify jobs into green, Forestry YES

environmental Jobs that help preserve or restore mixed, or brown categories based Fishing YES
preservation, reduces environmental quality, reduce on four dimensions: output type,
Mining NO
resource consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, and minimize occupation, work-lifestyles, and
Quarrying NO
waste, supports decent waste and pollution. outcome efficiency. Variables
working conditions, and Sustainable Practices: Involvement in include: Oil and gas extraction NO
avoids harming future high-efficiency strategies that cut energy, Manufacturing Depends (some
generations while aligning raw materials, and water consumption. - Output Type: Sustainability of
sectors yes,
others no)
with sustainable Improved Processes: Tasks that involve goods/services produced.
Construction Yes (if
consumption patterns. making production processes more sustainable
environmentally friendly or resource- - Occupation: Nature of job tasks practices are
used)
efficient. and their environmental impacts.
Depends (varies by
Decent Working Conditions: Ensuring fair specific business)
Retail trade
and ethical working conditions, as - Work-Lifestyles: Influence of job
Transportation and Depends (if using
emphasized by the International Labour on sustainable living. warehousing sustainable methods)
Organization (ILO) for jobs to be classified
Utilities Yes
as sustainable - Outcome Efficiency:
Environmental harm per unit of
output or effort.
Information NO

NO
Finance and insurance
Depends (if
Real Estate, Rental, and
promoting
Leasing sustainable housing)

Education Yes

Health YES

Yes (if focused on

Accommodation and food sustainable
services practices)

4 "Journal of Cleaner Production" Green Jobs: Green jobs are The characteristics of a green job include: In the journal article, the authors Agriculture YES

I. Unay-Gailhard and S. Bojnec defined as work in utilized several methodological Forestry YES
agricultural, manufacturing, 1. Environmental Contribution: Green approaches to explore the
Fishing YES
research and development, jobs significantly contribute to preserving relationship between green
Mining NO
administrative, and service or restoring environmental quality, either economy measures and job creation
activities that significantly through activities that promote in the agriculture sector, Quarrying NO
contribute to preserving or sustainability or reduce environmental particularly in Slovenia. Here are Oil and gas extraction NO
restoring environmental harm. the key methods and variables used:
Manufacturing Yes (if focused
quality. They are Independent Variables: on sustainable
practices)
characterized by a higher 2. Higher Skill Requirements: These
dependence on skills, positions typically require a greater level - Agri-environmental measure Construction Yes (if focused on
sustainable
formal education, and of non-routine cognitive skills and are (AEM) payments (measured in building practices)
training, focusing on tasks more dependent on formal education and Euros).
Retail trade NO
that promote sustainability specialized training compared to non-
Transportation and Yes (if focused on
and resource conservation. green jobs. - Farm type (e.g., dairy farms, field warehousing sustainable
crop farms). transport)
Utilities
3. Work Experience and Job Training: Yes (if focused on
Green jobs often necessitate specific - Farm size (classification into renewable energy)
work experience or job training related to small, medium, and large farms).
Information NO
sustainable practices and environmental
management. Dependent Variables: Finance and insurance NO

Real Estate, Rental, and Yes (if promoting

- Total labor use (measured in Leasing environmental
agricultural work units, AWU). awareness and jobs)
Education
Yes (if focused on
- Hired labor vs. family labor use (to environmental
analyze substitution or education)

complementary roles). Health NO

Yes (if focused on

Accommodation and food sustainability and
local sourcing)
services

5 "‘Green’ Growth, ‘Green’ Jobs The paper discusses various The paper outlines several characteristics The paper by Alex Bowen utilizes Agriculture YES

and Labor Markets" definitions of 'green jobs,' of 'green jobs,' which can include: various variables and concepts Forestry YES
emphasizing that there is no primarily related to the intersection
Fishing YES
The author of the paper is Alex single, universally accepted 1. Environmental Contribution: Green of green jobs, environmental
Bowen. Mining NO
definition. However, it jobs contribute substantially to policies, and labor markets. While
provides a broad preserving or restoring environmental the specific empirical variables may Quarrying NO
perspective on 'green jobs' quality. This encompasses roles that help not be extensively detailed in the Oil and gas extraction NO
as those associated with protect ecosystems and biodiversity, abstract or summary sections, we
Manufacturing Yes (if
environmental objectives reduce resource consumption (energy, can infer that key variables might environmentally
focused)
and policies. materials, water), decarbonize the include:
economy, and minimize waste and Construction Yes

One working definition pollution . 1. Employment Levels: Analyzing

mentioned defines 'green direct, indirect, and induced job
Retail trade NO
jobs' as “work in 2. Diverse Industries: Green jobs can be creation resulting from green
 agricultural, manufacturing, found across various sectors, including policies. Transportation and Yes (if
warehousing environmentally
research and development agriculture, manufacturing, research and friendly)
Utilities
(R&D), administrative, and development, administrative roles, and 2. Labor Productivity: Assessing the Yes
service activities that services that have identifiable effects of green growth policies on
contribute substantially to environmental benefits . productivity in different sectors.
Information
preserving or restoring NO
environmental quality.” This 3. Broader Industry Perspective: The 3. Wages: Examining wages Finance and insurance
NO
includes jobs that help definition of green jobs can extend associated with green jobs
Real Estate, Rental, and
protect ecosystems and beyond strictly defined environmental compared to traditional jobs, Leasing NO
biodiversity, reduce energy, services to include employment in particularly in context with the
Education Yes
materials, and water producing goods and services that have shadow wage in developing vs.
consumption, de-carbonize smaller adverse environmental impacts developed economies. Health YES
the economy, and minimize than traditional substitutes .
Accommodation and food Yes (if focused on
waste and pollution. services sustainable
practices)
4. Decent Work Standards: The paper
The paper also notes that emphasizes that green jobs should also
definitions can vary, with be decent jobs. This means they should
some focusing on narrowly offer adequate wages, safe working
defined environmental conditions, job security, reasonable
services and others on the career prospects, and respect for
broader impact of workers' rights. The quality of the job
industries producing goods itself is integral to the 'green' designation
and services with reduced .
adverse environmental
impacts compared to 5. Emergence of New Occupations: The
traditional alternatives transition to a greener economy has led
6 "Transitioning to a greener labor Green jobs are defined The characteristics of a green job can be he research utilizes several Agriculture YES

market: Cross-country evidence based on the environmental outlined as follows: variables, including: Forestry YES
from microdata" J. Bluedorn, N.- properties of the tasks
Fishing YES
J. Hansen, D. Noureldin, I. involved in those 1. Environmental Sustainability Focus: 1. Environmental Properties of
Mining NO
Shibata, and M.M. Tavares occupations. Specifically, Green jobs involve tasks that directly Jobs: Measured through green
they are characterized by contribute to improving environmental intensity and pollution intensity of Quarrying NO
the extent to which workers sustainability, such as reducing occupations. Oil and gas extraction NO
perform tasks that greenhouse gas emissions or promoting
Manufacturing Yes (if focused
contribute to improving renewable energy . 2. Individual Characteristics: on sustainable
practices)
environmental Including age, educational
sustainability and reducing 2. Green Intensity: These occupations attainment, gender, and location. Construction Yes (if focused on
sustainable
greenhouse gas have a high green intensity ratio, meaning building practices)
emissions.green jobs are a significant proportion of the tasks 3. Country-Specific Characteristics:
Retail trade NO
those that involve tasks performed are classified as green tasks. Such as environmental policy
Transportation and Yes (if focused on
directly related to The green intensity is quantified as the indicators and structural features of warehousing sustainable
environmental ratio of green tasks to total tasks within labor markets. transport)
Utilities
sustainability, reflecting the occupation . Yes (if focused on
their contributions to a 4. Job Transition Variables: For job- renewable energy)
greener economy and 3. Sector and Industry Placement: Green to-job transitions, out-of-work Information NO
reduced pollution. jobs are often concentrated in specific transitions, and job separations.
Finance and insurance
sectors, particularly in services and NO
Real Estate, Rental, and
industries focused on sustainability, such Leasing NO
as renewable energy, conservation, and
Education
Yes (if focused on
environmental management. In contrast,
environmental
pollution-intensive jobs are more education)
prevalent in sectors like mining and Health
NO
manufacturing . Accommodation and food
services
Yes (if focused on
sustainable
4. Skills and Educational Attainment: practices)
Green jobs tend to require higher skills
and educational attainment. Workers in
green-intensive occupations are often
higher-skilled and tend to be more urban,
indicating a demand for skilled labor in
these areas.These characteristics
illustrate the multidimensional nature of
green jobs, reflecting their role in
fostering sustainability while also
highlighting the skills, earnings, and
demographic aspects associated with
them.

7 "The elusive and expensive The paper provides various Characteristics of a green job include: The paper discusses several Agriculture YES

green job" definitions of green jobs variables related to green jobs, Forestry YES
from different sources. Here 1. Environmental Benefit: Contributes to including:
Fishing YES
Diana Furchtgott-Roth are some key definitions protecting the environment, reducing
Mining NO
highlighted: pollution, or conserving natural 1. Definition Variability: Different
resources. organizations and countries have Quarrying NO
1. Bureau of Labor varying definitions of what Oil and gas extraction NO
Statistics (BLS): Green jobs 2. Sustainability Focus: Involves constitutes a green job, affecting
Manufacturing Yes (if focused
are defined as jobs in activities related to renewable energy, job classification and statistics. on green
technologies)
businesses that produce energy efficiency, or sustainable
goods or provide services practices. 2. Industry Classification: Jobs in Construction Yes (if focused on
green building

i )
that benefit the sectors like public transportation, practices)
environment or conserve 3. Integration with Existing Roles: Often construction, and energy are Retail trade NO
natural resources. Jobs may involves traditional jobs that incorporate analyzed, highlighting
Transportation and Yes (if it includes
also qualify if workers' green practices rather than entirely new inconsistencies in what is counted warehousing public transportation
or low-emission
duties involve making their job categories. as a green job. logistics)
establishment's production
Utilities Yes (if focused on
processes more 4. Sector Agnostic: Can exist across 3. Economic Impact: The cost and renewable energy)
environmentally friendly or various industries, including agriculture, effectiveness of creating green jobs
NO
using fewer natural manufacturing, construction, and through government programs are Information
resources. This includes a services. examined, questioning the Finance and insurance NO
wide range of activities, economic viability of such
Real Estate, Rental, and Yes (if focused on
such as energy from 5. Support for Adaptation and Mitigation: initiatives. Leasing sustainable housing)
renewable sources, Aims to address climate change impacts Education
producing energy-efficient through both mitigation and adaptation Yes (if focused on
environmental
products, pollution strategies , . education)
reduction, and conservation Health

jobs . NO
Accommodation and food
services
Yes (if focused on
sustainable
2. Organisation for practices)
Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD): A
green job is defined as a job
that contributes to
protecting the environment
and reducing the harmful
effects of human activity on
it (mitigation) or helps cope
with climate change
conditions (adaptation) .

3. State Definitions: Various

states have also crafted
their own definitions. For
instance:

- The Rocky Mountain &

Northern Plains Green Job
Consortium defines a green
job as one in which an
employee produces a
product or service that
improves energy efficiency,
expands renewable energy
use, and supports
environmental
sustainability .

- The Mid-Atlantic Regional

Collaborative includes jobs
involved in economic
activities that help protect
or restore the environment
or conserve natural
resources