Chapter 24

COMPREHENSION

The value of
comprehension work in learaing a foreiga language
widely recogaised. In countries where a reading knowledge of Englishis isnow
the
main aim, the most important thing is to train students to read
rapidly inwith good comprehension. This cannot be done suddenly.the language But
rained reading one can benefit immensely for well graded exercises.
If the maximum benefit is to be derived from these exercises, the text
should be
read carefully and each question
sentences. Yes. or "no is no answer. Theshould
be anaswered in complete
students are in the habit ot
giving long, irrelevant answers. They should give only the information
for in the question and nothing besides that. Marks are taken of asked
extra
intormation. Mere reproduction of a passage, whether for any
not, does not entitle a student to pass markS. to-the-point
A good answer
or
clear and concise.
If necessary the material should be
question 1s answered correctly and clearly. may be rearranged so that the
(1)
For Iatermediate Classes

EXERCISE
I will now tell you what
Mustafa Kemal did for the Turkish
His first object was to educate
had been no people. This was a people.
Ulema whose job state education in dif+cult
Turkey. Education was in the task. There
not only to teach thewas to
impart religious education. Mustafa hands of the
Kemal hadd
people to read and write but to
as
possible. In 1927 only per
every child born 1in 8 cent could read and write. train as many
teachers
Turkey He decided that
should
Western lines were opened in which boys and be
educated. Thousands of schools on
received ducation. girls and even
He has decided grown-up people
dii+cult Arabic andsimplify
io
the
with
Persian Turkish
words. This 1anguage. Itwas encumbered
Turkisa. Itis vory new language is called the New
simple and easy to understand.
Read the above
passuge and answer the
1.
Express the gist of the following questions :
2. Why was it dificult to paragraph in 3 sentences.
Explain the italicized educate the Turkish people
words.
How was Turkish
made simple ?

We are
EXERCISE 2
children New of a
ittle locomouves which move Age. We travel from place to place ino
6peak to a iend wnose home.isgingerly on the
asphalt. When we w
across the sea, we say "Hello" into a rubDer
 RIPON COLLEGE COMPOSITION
324
tube and ask for a certain telephone number in Karachi. At night when the
room grows dark we push a button and there is light. If cold gets into our
bones we push another button and the electric heater spreads its pleasant glow
it is hot, the
through our study. On the other hand, in summer when same
electric current will start small artificial storm which keeps us cool and com
fortable. We seem to be the masters of all the forces of nature which were
so inhospitable to our tame ancestorsS.

Questions
1. Give a suitable heading for this passage.
2. How do we travel from place to place ?
What are of
the blessings electricity ?
4. HoW are we difterent from our ancestors ?

EXERCISE 3
The man-eater goes about his work in dreadful silence. The ordinary
tiger will often make the jungle ring again with his hoarse, deep roar, not so
the man-eater. The latter glides without a sound and under cover of a path of

bambooS up to the wood-cutter felling a tree, or up to the peasant in his ricee

held, or up to a woman fetching water from the well. Silent as death, he
blow of the
huge
bounds upon victims, and fell them with a single stuining
his
steel. The great white fangS are buried in an
paw driven by of muscles
lifts a rat, and
instant is lifted
the throat, the body
in away
the a
in mouth as dog
1s caçpied to the lair, where he makes a dreadful meal.

Questions
1. Give a title to this passage.
the difference between the man-eater and the ordinary
2. What is
?
tiger
he attack his victim ?
3. How does .

in evoking a terrible picture of

4. far does
How the passage succeed
of the adjectives and nouns employ
the man-eater ? Make a list
ed for this purpose.
sentences.
5. Express the gist of the passage in 3
EXERCISE 4
It was a beautiful day when our ship sailed for the regions of the soutn,

here were a number of boys in the ship, but two of them were my spec
Javourites. Jack Martin was tall, Sturdy, broad-shouldered youth of eightee
a

with a handsome, good-humoured face.

He
had a good education, was ciev
and hearty and lionlike in his actions but mild and quiet in disposition. Jac
peculiar fondness for
general favourite and had a My other cou me.
was a funny, decidedly mischievou
panion was Peterkin Gay. He was little, quick,
and about fourteen years old. Jack, Peterkin and I becamc the best and sta
Cnest friends that ever tossed together on stormy seas. One night an aw
the
mercy of the wind and the wa
Somemburst upon ship and lett us to
boys" said Jack, *we three stick together". We gladly agreea
Ollow Jack for he shall fill us with contidence although I could see that he n a
ittle hope. My heart sank wilh me, but T remembered my mother's wo
aiways to look to God in the hour ol dangcr and feltt much comforted.

Questions
1. Give in your own words a summary ot the passage in about seventy
Words.
 cOMPREHENSION 325
2. What do you learn about the personal appearance of Jack Martin ?
3. What was the difference betwecn Jack Martin and Peterkin ?
Make a list of apt words that the writer uses to bring out the
characters of Jack and Peterkin.
5. Explain the full force of the words in italics.

EXERCISE 5
our sun is a huge fiery ball, one hundred times as great in diameter as
he earth, and more than a million times as large. But, strange as it may
cem. the sun is only a star like the other stars that we see in the sky at night.
Stranger still, we find that our sun is only a medium-sized star. t is not as
arge as the Pole Star and not nearly as some of the others. Betel-geuK. in
times larger than
the constellation or Orion, 1s reckoned to be four hundred
the sun. The sun, compared with the other stars, looks large to us because
we are nestied close to it. It the sun were gradually to move farther from the
as the other stars, the light would grow so dim
earth until it was as Iar away
would be gone.
that its glory
Questions-
1. Give a title to this passage.
2. How large is the sun ?
large ?
Why does the sun look sosun moves away from the earth
?
happen if the
4. What iswill
the force of these two expressions "strange
as it may seem,
5. What
*stranger stilh'.
EXERCISE 6

to think a moment to understand that the work of a com-

We have only important than that of a professor;
pletely uneducated farmer is far more no food. It no one
we die if we have
live without education, but houses, we should
we can and took the rubbish away from our
cleaned our streets In countries where there are
no servants
terrible diseases in our towns. waste
et the professors have to
is ashamed to do such work,
Decause everyone
much of their time doing housework. life,
that all of us must be educated to fit us for
In
fact, when we say
ot us can

educated in such a way that, firstly, each that

means that we must be and, secondly, we can
to his brain and ability
natever job is suited to society, and that it is very
sad to
b
such a type o
z , that all jobs are necessary else's. Only
to scorn someone
anamed of one's work, or
aucation can be called valuable in sociey.

Questions- ?
important than
a professor's
farmer's work more
How is a
cleaned our streets
What would happen if no one
?
w h a t is the right type of education
EXERCISE 7

ways: they providc

in three very important and they help to prevent
Trees useful to man
shade ;
with products ; they give him In his

orought an Otner
ght and floods. Unfortunately nservices isis the most important.
the most importl
ot realized that the third ol these cut them dow
the trees, he has
nad.
he
gerness to draw quick
quic prolit from lost the
best
friends

number to find that ith

he has
with them
them he
a
uy
 RIPON COLLEGE COMPOSITION
326
down i
Two thousand years ago torich
a and powerful country cut s tre
gain itseit an empire. t gained the em
to build warships, with which poor. When the empire
but trees, its soil became hara and
without its floods and starvation.
the home country found
itself faced by
to pieces,
Questions
useful to man ?
.How do trees prove to man
What is the most important service of trees
2.
3. What did the country gain and what did it lose, by cutting down its
trees
EXERCISE 8

Peasants in Lincolnshire, England nearly three centuries ago were some-

times alarmed to see strange lights iickering 1in the sky at night. Terrified,
home and tell their wives that they had seen a comet.
they would hasten
To them a comet was a warning OI some dreadrul disaster-perhaps
war, or an outbreak of the plague, or the death of the king Naturaly they
were afraid. Then one wise than the rest would realiZe that the strange
lights in the sky were no comets, but another of young Newton's tricks. The
comet was nothing but paper lanterns tied to a kite. So they would start
talking about the young lad who had scared them all so easily. Some said he
was an idle good-for-nothing, always slipping away to read books when ne
should be hard at work on his mother's farm or carrying her goods to marke
others would say he was a promising lad, clever with his fingers and quick to
learn. All would agree that he was no farmer, evon though he was a farmers
Son. They could not imagine that he was to be one of the greatest scientists
the world has ever known.

Read the above passage and answer the following questions in your ow
words
Why were the peasants alarmed?
(6) What did to them a comet mean
(c) What would a wise peasant tell them lad
7
(d) What did they think about the young ?

EXERCISE 9
were allowed to choose my own holidays, I would have hath.
doubt.
IWould go on a
voyage in modern passenger ship WIth a.sWIhe would
Even if my sportsman friend and my lazy friend came with me
DOLh be happy one would have plenty of games, sWimming ncio8
The other would sit in a comfortable chair all day, an cea and
looking
dridking lemonade. In a ship, one can do as he likes, When & ke
one day find an interesting book in the ou the wholo
day reading it, and nobody will ship's library, I
can s shall wan
stop me. Perhaps un next day .shall untili a
Onc CACICise, well
thanI can play games with other passen
ot and sweating and ready for a bath. I can go and
Cabin
any
and ime
I can
of the
day or night, I can get soft drinks duringSIeep the da
cat as I Iike, choosing among a variety of foods.
n t what Ia

op ? om many utasea, voyage is the chance to meet men aDinterest S Suc

countries. What other kind of
Cnance But
perhaps the greatest pleasure of a seaholiday comiog
porS In
strange lands, and going ashore for a to see su
places, eat strange foods and hear a
strange
feWnous d 1s. US.
talkedlanguago arou
Questions
1. What are
the comforts on a modern passenger sShip
 cOMPREHENSION 327
2. How the sportsman friend and the lazy friend would both be
happy
3 What does the author feel about meeting strangers on board the
ship
4. What is the greatest pleasure of a sea voyage ?

EXERCISE 10
It is probable that the most important thing ever invented by man is
If you wheels Almost
thewheel
machine we use
lookhasabout you, you will see
wheels in it.
cyerywhere.
every
Wheels are used in various ways. Some are used as levers. When you
ide your bicycle you 'are using a wheel as a lever. The part you puto
foot on, which is caued the pedal, moves a wheel with points on it and this
wheel has a chain over it to carry the force of your feet to the back wheel or
the bicycle. The pedal and the wheel with points o n it together form a bent

is that the downward movement of your feet

lever, ot wnicn tne advantage movement of the wheel.
is converted into the circular
Wheels are often used to change the direction of a movement. You often
is put over it and is used
wheel fixed to the roof of a factory. A rope
find a
for liftüng weights. The friction on the wheel makes you use more strengtn
it is more
with your hands, but
thanyou if you lifted the weight
would
up-steps, so"
Convenient to pull the rope dowawards the weight
than to carry roor.
to lift the weight up to the
the wheel really helps you
Answer the following questions
made by man ?
1. Which is the most important invention
a wheel ?.
2. How does the pedal move ?
to lift a weight
3. How does the wheel help
EXERCISE11

woman has weaker muscles than the

certainly true that the average when man lived in caves and hunte
It is
Thousands of years ago,
e man. was the most important
thing, Dut now,
for food, strength of body of body 18
nais more
important.Strengtn

CWentieth century,
brains are
such kinds of work are
kinds of work, but the fact that that muscles
eded for a few Century does not think
n the Twentieth
wel paid shows that
are of very great importance. countrieswhere girls are not
women's brains ? Of course, in in countrie where
a t about education as lesS. But
00d an
boys they know
clearly
shoWa that there is no
there education for both
it has been and that of the
woman
difer e same the average
of men cannot; they
brains can
the
averageat a between thing more That should have the
can do
one
Women they whether
Proded to decide
aldren, now it is for you
34me rights as men or more than n
Questions- thousands of
years ago ?
was strength
of body important
strengn
1s no 1onger
so import-
Why physical
2. we see that
W can between the brains
tant no
diterenco

do we know that
there is
7ow m a n and
woman
Do you agree
with the
?
Or average of women

nwhat lies the superiority

writer's views ?
328 RIPON COLLEGE COMPOSITION

EXERCISE 12
Now, without talking any nonsense about Master Kacs, as the Japanese
and Germans did, it is a fact that races do vary in courage. Some are briver
than others, and you jolly soon find out which they are when fight
At a guess I should say it depends mostly on where they've lived for the Dast
you them
five or six hudred years. its been in a lana wnere t aidnt take much
effort to get enough food, clothing, and tor
shelter an easy lite, they won't
be conspicuously brave. they, have lived where life is so hard that it's
terrible struggle against nature to keep any standara ot living at all, then
they will be brave in a few thingsdangers to which they are used-but not
at all brave in others. 1t's the lands
where nature is neither too easy nor
too cruel, Where a man must work hard to live but where his cfforts and his
enterprise can bring him great rewards, those are the lands that breed courage
and where it becomes a natural tradition.

Questions-
1. Are all races equal in courage ? If not, how do you find it ?
2.Does easy lhte contribute to courage ?
3.Which are the most suitable factors for breeding courage ?
4. What is the relation between courage and geographical factors?
EXERCISE 13
There isa danger of the world getting liberty-drunk in these days, and
1t is Just as well to remind ourselves of what the rule of the road means.t
means that in order that the liberties of all may be preserved, the liberties
ot everybody must be curtailed.When the policeman, say at the Piccadily
Circus, steps into the middle o f the road and puts out his hand, he is the
DDo1, not or tyranny, but or liberty. You may not think so. You
being in a hurry and seeing your motor-car pulled up by this insolence o
one, Ieel that your liberty has been outraged. How dare this tellow inter
w n your Iree use of the public highway ? Then, if you are a reasona
Personou wilreilect that if he did not incidentally, interfere with y
Would intertere with no one, and the result would be that Piccadily r o
ould be a maelstrom (big whirlpool) that you would never cross at ä
have ubmited to a curtailment of private liberty in order that you m
enjoy a social order which makes your liberty a reality.
Questions-
.What
2.
does the rule of the road imply
What does the trafic
. policeman symbolize opped
What may be the immediate
by the traffic police ?
reaction of a speeding motori
c at the
4. What would
cross-roads ?
happen if the police did not control the ran
5. How can we
enjoy real liberty ? (Sargodha Board 1969
EXERCISE 14
other words, W
do not
Education is not an
end, but a means to an end.
In otn
educate cnildren
is to fit
oniy tor
the purpose of
educating them ndersta
them for lite.
AS soon as we realize this fact, we
that it is very, wilIl rea
importano choose system of education whic rst Syse
a
prepare childrenor e.tisnot
of education one nnds, or to continue enough just to choose tnceducat
with one's old system o mgn
without examining it to see whether it is in fact suitable or
not
 cOMPREHENSICN 329
lern countries it has tor some time been fashionable to think that by free
ducation for all-whether rich or poor, cle ver or stupid-one can solve all
the problems of society and build a perfect nation. But we can already See
hat free education tor all is not enough: we find in such countries a far larger
nsmber of people with University degrees than there are jobs for them to fill.
Questions
1. What is the definition of education given by the writer?
2. What is the fashionable view about free education for all'?
3. Is free education for all enough?.
4. If not why?
EXERCISE 15
Once you have reached London you can go about in taxis, buses or
y underground. I myselt prefer the latter, as it is rapid, easy and cheap.
There are so many caTs and buses in London that one cannot drive along
the road quickly and without many stops. You can take a taxi, but it 1s

than the underground or a bus. On the underground

much more expensivewhich to find
you find good maps helpP you your way.
Let us supPpose you have just arrived in London from Pakistan, and you
a
a lot of luggage, you have to take
want to go to Cambridge. lt you have bus the
already said, is much more expensive than can or a
taxi, which; as I have
with you, you go down
underground. Ir you have not much. luggage
to the underground station, enter an electricC
station
Some stairs from Victoria under the ground to Liverpool street station wheree
train there, and go along
of day to continue your journey.
you will again come out into the light

Questions-
are taxis and buses slower than the underground?
.Why luggage?
2.What will you do if you have a
lot of one?
very little luggage with
Why cheaper if one hasthe
is it
underground to buses or taxis ?
.
Why does the writer prefer
(2)
For B.A. Classes

EXERCISE1
of
life Sir Isaac Newton
was
the mosta honoured and
Enoor the rest of his a fine house in London and kept thecarriage
anen. He lived in greatest in land, and
desired by the
Poet ants. His friendship was honour t
to do him
ne never far
boasted of his
artists sought retiring.SCience meant
achieu remained, always modest ana at his experiments
CnIs and and he continued to wOrknard
re to himm than honours, ana f h in 1727, at the age of eighty-five.
anda
Calculations right up to n in West
rank bore him
to his tomb WestminsterNewton's
Abbey.
Noblem
where o r the highest
monument was erectea
to memory. But nis
and perhaps
onnagnificent much more numble
OWn work was
on of himself and his
what may appear
to
the world' he said just
before. I do
not know
I
Tike a boy playing on the
to have been like
seem or pebble
*ashored, but myself
to and then 1inding moother
a
in now undiscovered
diverting myself trun lay all
Prettie nd whilst the great
ocan
o
beforeel than ordinary,
me.
Swer the following que stions
his last days
() How did Newton pass
 330 RIPON COLLEGE COMPOSITION

(b) Did he care much for honour and fame?

(c) When did he die and where was he buried ?
(d) What was Newton's opinion of himself ?
EXERCISE 2
The narrow
nationalism which
deep
Greeks and
down in
the past.The ancient marks the modern world has its roots
Greeks divided mankind
"Barbarians", The Greeks were the inhabitants of into two
classes:
the Barbarian" Greece,
occupied
supposed to be shield-shaped, the remainder of tbe world. The earth and
with Mount Olympus in Thessaly as its was
centre. This mountain
to be the highest which is 9700 teet high, was believed by the exact
mountan the world. On top ol this mountain the Greeks
gods were supposed to live. inThe Greek
dants and tavourites of the Greeks imagined that they were the descen-
gods, and at the
nobodies. The ancient Romans also
the Greeks conSidered "Barbarians were mere
all
as*Barbarians. Many of the so-called non-Romans, including
superior to the Romans, "*Barbarians" were
contempt. This feeling ofbut
they were always
treated by the Romans with
people, had its origin in thesuperiority
tribal
among Greeks, Romans and other
to stand by one's group and to instinct. The tribal instinct is the instinct
iving. It is the instinct of exaggerate the importance of one's place of
"My Country! May she ever partiaiity,
be
the instinct which
prompts onc to say:
Patriotism, as usually right.But right or
is an expresSionwrong,
1s
my country
The true patriot does notunderstood
believe that his
of
the tribal instinct.
World, nor necessarily the best country is the only country in
the
than it is, and he works to country:
make it
but he wants it to be a better
country
so.
Questions
1. Give in about 30
What was the ideawords
the gist of the
2.
the passage.
of ancient Greeks about the earth?
4.
What are the major features of tribal instinct?
Explain the following phrases as briefly as you
Narrow nationalism; tribal instinct; instinct ofcan:
the importance. partiality; exagsera
EXERCISE 3
*"Elegant economy!" How naturally one falls back into the
of Cranford!
always elegant,, and monephraseolog
There economy was
alwaysVugar and ostentatious" a sort very
peacetul and satisfied. I shall never of sour grapeism which nadrtain
Cptana Brown came to live at Cranford, forget the dismay felt
and openly spoke of his when
not in whisper to an intimate beinB P
closed, but in the public friend, the doors and
street! in a loud military yoicel windows being verty
as a
reason for not taking allegin
already moaning over the a particular house. The ladies ford were
invasion of their O a gentle
man. He was a half-pay territories by a man
Deighbouring captain, and had
obtained tion on 8
rail-road,
ttie town; and if in which had been sonme siet by the
addition to his vehemently petitionea nnection
With the obnoxious railroad, he was so masculine gender, ana
Wny, then
indeed, he must be sent to brazen as to talk
of his ng poor
COmmon poverty; yet people never spoke
as
Coventry. Death was as e apd as
about that loud on
ignore that any withoe menioned to ears polite. We had tacitly need to
ever be whom we asSsociated ag ul
prevented on terms of
o u l d

1O or irom by poverty from doing anything visiting ceuawalked

a
party, it was because the they wished. The air so
weather was so fine, or u
 COMPREHENSION 331
shing, not beca use sedan chairs were expensive. If we wore prints,
instead of summe.SS,t was because we preferred a washing material;
SO On, till we blinded ourselves to the vulgar fact that we were, all of Us,
ol very moderate meàns.
people
Questions

(a) Give in
Captain
thirty of your own words what we learn from this passage of
Brown.
()Why did the ladies of Cranford dislike the Captain?
for "not doing
(c) What reasons Were given by the ladies of Cranford
anything that they wished"?
(What is the meaning and implication of the phrases:
1. Sour-grapeism.
2. The invasion of their territories.
3. Sent to Coventry.
4. Tacitly agreed.
5. Elegant economy.
? Also study:
(e) "Ears polite'. How do you justify this construction
eternal.
domestic lie direct hope,
body politic ; ajairs the adjective imme
is secured by placing
Note.-Sometimes emphasis
diately after the noun.
EXERCISE 4
was twenty-three a
Garrett was1836. When she was taken
born in
to heara
"Elizabeth whole course,of her
life , she
ISIt to London changed
the on "Medicine as
first woman doctor, lecture to make it ber
Blackwell, the
ENzabeth instantly determined
Our Elizabeth the nurses
Frolession for
Women'. for though he honoured
horror,
father's a medical
prolession, much
to her
was utterly oppOsed
to thenoidea offor a lady.
in the.wards, he hospital was place could
WOrked
and stated roundly that a Garrett did all he
women, in the end Mr.
S Ior however, and courage
Deth stood firm, to an epic of true
quality is and
and jealousy,
Her subsequent
struggle obstinacy
her. prejudice,
eIp she fought against
Derseverance ;
she won her battle". that follow
inally and the
twelve
sentences

of the facts
above passage
Read carefully the
sentences are correct statements what they say may
three only of theseo t h e r sentences, although Write
nree and The
the content
or that passage.
are the
correct

Oea in the
passage. on
statements you think as those
in
be true,are not c o r r e c t ihree sentences which The same
neceSsarily
of the are not
sentences
0umbers
ODes n e m b e r i n g that the
the passage.
M.D.
to get her
Statements struggled hard of courage
Blackwell frequently. an epic
lizabeth visited London
1or bis degrce in
Garrett
Elizabeth to qualify
struggle jealousy.
student's
A obstinacy and was in the
and perseverance prejudice, plac
of
women

overcame t h a t The
Garrett thought
4. 2abeth Garrett's
father
honouring
the nurses.

Eizabeth position by
his
home. father
advanced
Elizabeth's lady.
Our place fora
A hospital
is no
 RIPON COLLEGE COMPOSITION
332
8. Mr. Garrett always tried to prevent' his dauzhter from becoming a
doctor.
9. Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell was the first woman doctor.
be a doctor.
[O.
All her lite Elizabeth Garrett wanted to
11. Elizabeth Garrett's sudden determinaion to be a doctor horrified her
father.
12. A nurse's work is very hard.
EXERCISE 5
Sir Philip Sidney displayed the most undaunted and enterprising courage.
He had two horses killed under him, and whilst mounting a third was wounded
by a musket shot out of the trenches, which broke the bone of his thigh.
He had to walk about a mile and a half to the camp : and being faint with
loss of blood and parched with thirst he called for a drink which was
instantly brought for him but as he was putting the vessel to his mouth, a poor
wounded soldier, who happened to be carried by him. at that instant looked
with
wistful eye. The gallant and generous Sidney took the bottle from his
mouth
without drinking and hanting it to the so'dier, said: ""thy nesessity is
greater than mine." Sixteen days after the virtuous Sidney breathed his last
in the thirty second year of his age.
Only two of these sentences
are correct of thestatements
as you think facts described
in the passage. Write down the numbers of the two sentences which
are the correct ones
1. Sir Philip
Sidney had killed two horses.
2. Sidney died immediately after he was wounded.
3. Sir
Philip Sidney was a gallant warrior and a true
4.
As he was
ging
to drink he saw another woundedgentleman.
soldier looking at
him with longing
eyes.
6.
Sideny had
Sir
to walk a mile and a half to have a drink of water.
Philip Sidney displayed
and died while
the most undaunted courage in the battio
fighting.
Sidney said to the wounded soldier, «Your need is greater than
mine".
8. He was faint with loss of blood and
fatigue.
EXERCISE 6
King Midas was more fond of gold than of
He valued his royal crown chiefly because it was anything else in the world
metal. IT
he ioved anything better, or half so composed of that preciou
who played so
merrily well, it was the one little matde
loved his daughter the more round her father's footstool. But the more
foolish man that the did he desire and seek for .ealth. Mu
be to bequeath best thing he could possibly do for his He thoUgn
her the immensest pile of yellow
been hea ped together
dear chila w
glistening metal that
and all his time to since made. So he gave all his had
the world was
thoughts
this one purpose. If ever he
instant at the gold-tinted cloiids
and that they coula be of sunset, he wished that happened gaze lan
to

Marygold ran to meet nin.squcezed safely into his strongtheybox.wereWhen real e

with bunch of
a
t
pooh. pooh. chila tnese i1owers were as bright flower, he used to s
be worth plucking" golden as they look,
they Wou
Read ihe passage ana he
the three sentences whiCn yolu hink sentences that Jollow, write down the nunmber
are the
correct ones:
1. King Midas was as fond of his little
daughter as of gold.
 COMPREHENSION
333
because it was an insignia of royajty.
2. He loved his crown chiefly
better than gold, it was his littie daugitei
3, If he loved anything
Marygold.
at the
4. Midas desired for more and more wealth when he looked gold
tinted clouds.

5. When he looked at he wished they were

the flowers made of gold.
his Only
for
6. He wIshedto leave behind an immense pile of gold
daughter.
7. Marygold would p}ay merrily when she met her father
8. Midas was a Ioolish man.
9. Midas thought of gold and nothing else all the time.
EXERCISE 7

educated, intellectual or brave man to make

It is impossible for a well to make his dinner
the chiet object of his thoughts just as it is for him
;
All healthy people like their dinners; but thelr
money
the principal object of them. of their lives. So all healthy-minded people
not the main object
dinner Is and to enjoy the sensation of winnlng
ike making money-yet to like it, not money; it is Dmething better nan
but the main object of their life is
wishes to do his fighting We.
for instance, mainly
money. A g00d soldier, Justly grumbles when younot Kp
He Is glad of his pay, very properlymain and
so,
notion of life is to win battie, to
him ten years without it-still his like fees no doubt, ougnt
So of the doctors. They
De paid for winning them. and well-educated, the entire object or
e them yet if they are brave to cure the Sick, ana ir
neir lves is not fees. andThey, on the whole, desire
were fairly put andthem, they woula
to
ney are good doctors, the choice
lose the fee, than kill him get it. And so
rtner cure their patients and men
their work is first, their Iec
brave and rightly trained
a other second. But in every nation, s
oDd-Vvery important, no doubt, but still who and
are ill-educated, cowardiy
8a1d, there are vast numbers of people is first and the
these people just as certainly the feefee second.
rE Stupid. And with brave peoplë the
work is first and the
SEcond, as with
O that ollow. Write
Kead carefully the above passage and the sentences
think are the correct ones
three sentences which you
he numbers of the
as much as their work. Dottors,
All healthy people like their dinners
work for the fees.
gOOd soldiers, the
like mking money ; but money is not
2.
All healthy-minded people
life.
Chief object of their halimark of gentleman. a

Work before money' should beinthe winnlng atties than his paay
The soldier is more interested in
lie orall right-thinking1or men.

oney is the guiding principle who cowardly

are vast
numbers people are

n every nation there

and stupid.
him of his pay.
grumbles when you deprive
Asoldier ne 1s morg in rested in the
If a doctor is good and well-cducated,
the Ice.
Dealth of his patient than
EXERCISE 8

was something or a gamin. When still very'

alco, it must be confessed,

.aneglected boy.
 334 RIPON COLLEGE COMPOSITION

young he became profcssor of Mathematics at Pisa, but as the salary was

7h d. a day, he does not scem to have thought that a ery dignilied bearin
could be expected of him. He began by writing a reatise against the wearin
of cap and gown in the University, which may perhaps have been popular wi
under-graduates, but was viewed with grave distavour by his fellow-professors
He would amuse himself by arranging occasions which would make his
colleagues look silly. They asserted,.for example of the basis of Aristotles
Physics, that a body weighing ten pounds would 1all through a given distance
in one-tenth of the time that would be taken by a body weighing
so he went up to the top of the Leaning Tower of one pound,
PIsa one morning with a
ten-pound shot and a one-pound shot, and just as the proressors were proceed.
ing with leissrely dignity to their respective lecture-rooms in the presence of
their pupils,, he attracted their attention and
the of
dropped the
two weights from
top the toOwer to their
ieet. Tne
twO weights arrived practically
simultaneously.
have
The protessors, however, maintained tnat their eyes must
deceived them, Since it was impossible that Artistotle could be in
error.

Write down the numbers of three correct statements:

Statements:
1. Galileo was the youngest professor of Mathematics at Pisa.
2. Galileo demonstrated that
at the same time.
two unequal weights arrived
practically
3. Professors used to wear caps and gowns in
the University of Pisa.
4. Galileo
5.
was neglected by his
parents for being a mischievous boy.
Professors in Galileo's day could disbelieve their judgement but not
Aristotle's views.
Galileo amused himself by lauging at his colleagues.
Galileo would often go to the top of the Leaning Tower to make
eaperiments.
9.
He dropped the two weights in the presence of his colleagues
Gaileo was the first great
physicist.
EXERCISE 9
Wben our exploring party went into Mongolia, every item of
and organization had been
considered, and we felt equipmeufar
i t was humanly
po8sible to do for our Great that we had preparea as
We used Mongol Adyenture.
tents
that the natives have devised and fur sleeping
bags. Almost all explorethcir
the best dwellings and
particular country and the conditions of life which it the best clothes 10r
are no exception to this rule. involves. The
as they
follow their ilocks or theThey are nomads
who are constanuy MOund
dwelling would be ol ittle use, dictates of their restless spirits. A anent
one year, but for
poor the next. Windtheandgrazing may be good ot a c Pnlace
conditions to be met, they nced cold are the most eathe
grasslands, this seldom comes. not be
worried about rain, forseri0Us in the
almost any Mongollan wind storm Therefore, the tent which will eveaaais
is
made of double stan i
weight, but is not particularly, waterproof. cotton cloth,
The sides down to the
which present sweep
sloping surfaces ground
to from attheevery
the wind ridgepossible angle. bcurves
ut
the tent is firmly
pole in
lon8 hus i
pe88ed it cannot be
it will still
remain stapding Also,blown 1t can
down. The cloth may
be erected in a ld
be
impossible to pitch a wall tent. "Under normal gale when
conditions a man c a .
 cOMPREHENSION 335
a small Mongol tent alone.
ridge and poles put in and with First one the
entire side is pegged
down; then
nd in position while the other siderope tent is pulled
is fastened. upright. It will
Sheepskins, sleeping bags, and fur clothes are an
mmer
the nights are cold, and the rapid changes fromessential, for even in
e amazin8. summer to winter
Answer the following
1.
questions-
Why do the
Mongols use tents?
2. Why do the Mongols move from place to
3. How do place ?
they pitch the tent ?