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Experiment 1

The document outlines the determination of physicochemical properties of water from various sources, which is crucial for assessing water quality. It details physical parameters such as temperature, color, turbidity, and electrical conductivity, as well as chemical parameters including pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical and chemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, and nutrients. Analytical methods like spectrophotometry, titration, electrochemical analysis, and gravimetric analysis are employed to evaluate these properties for compliance with environmental standards.

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Tolera Tadesse
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17 views2 pages

Experiment 1

The document outlines the determination of physicochemical properties of water from various sources, which is crucial for assessing water quality. It details physical parameters such as temperature, color, turbidity, and electrical conductivity, as well as chemical parameters including pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical and chemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, and nutrients. Analytical methods like spectrophotometry, titration, electrochemical analysis, and gravimetric analysis are employed to evaluate these properties for compliance with environmental standards.

Uploaded by

Tolera Tadesse
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Determination of physicochemical properties of water from different sources

Determining the physicochemical properties of water from various sources is essential for
assessing its quality and suitability for different applications. This process involves analyzing
both physical and chemical parameters to gain a comprehensive understanding of the water's
characteristics.

Physical Parameters:

1. Temperature: Measured using calibrated thermometers or digital sensors, temperature


affects chemical reactions and biological processes in water.
2. Color: Assessed visually or with spectrophotometric methods, color can indicate the
presence of dissolved substances or contaminants.
3. Turbidity: Determined using a nephelometer, turbidity measures the cloudiness of water
caused by suspended particles. The standard unit is the nephelometric turbidity unit
(NTU).

dwi.gov.uk

4. Electrical Conductivity: Measured with a conductivity meter, this parameter indicates


the water's ability to conduct electricity, reflecting its ion concentration.

Chemical Parameters:

1. pH: Assessed using pH meters or indicator solutions, pH indicates the acidity or


alkalinity of water, which can affect aquatic life and chemical stability.
2. Dissolved Oxygen (DO): Measured using electrochemical probes, DO levels are crucial
for aquatic organisms' survival and indicate water's ability to support life.
3. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD): Determined through incubation and titration
methods, BOD measures the amount of oxygen required by microorganisms to
decompose organic matter in water.
4. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD): Assessed using chemical oxidants, COD quantifies
the total amount of oxygen required to oxidize both organic and inorganic substances in
water.
5. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): Measured by evaporating a water sample and weighing
the residue, TDS indicates the concentration of dissolved substances, affecting water taste
and quality.
6. Nutrients (e.g., Nitrate, Phosphate): Analyzed using spectrophotometric methods,
nutrient levels can indicate potential for algal blooms and eutrophication.

Analytical Methods:

 Spectrophotometry: Used for measuring absorbance or transmittance of light in water


samples, applicable for parameters like color, nitrate, and phosphate concentrations.
 Titration: Employed for determining concentrations of specific ions or compounds, such
as hardness or alkalinity.
 Electrochemical Analysis: Utilizes electrodes to measure parameters like pH, DO, and
conductivity.
 Gravimetric Analysis: Involves measuring mass to determine concentrations of
suspended or dissolved solids.

By systematically evaluating these physicochemical properties, water quality from different


sources can be accurately assessed, ensuring its suitability for intended uses and compliance with
environmental standards.

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