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Types of Temperature Gauges

The document outlines various types of temperature gauges used in instrumentation, including thermocouples, RTDs, thermistors, infrared thermometers, bimetallic gauges, and liquid-in-glass thermometers. Each type is described with its working principle, advantages, and common applications. The document also provides guidance on choosing the appropriate temperature gauge based on accuracy, temperature range, and measurement method.

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28 views5 pages

Types of Temperature Gauges

The document outlines various types of temperature gauges used in instrumentation, including thermocouples, RTDs, thermistors, infrared thermometers, bimetallic gauges, and liquid-in-glass thermometers. Each type is described with its working principle, advantages, and common applications. The document also provides guidance on choosing the appropriate temperature gauge based on accuracy, temperature range, and measurement method.

Uploaded by

Ms Gythree
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Types of temperature gauges

Temperature measurement is crucial in instrumentation, and there are various types of


temperature gauges (or temperature sensors) used depending on the application, accuracy
required, and environment. Here are the most common types of temperature gauges used in
instrumentation:

1. Thermocouples

• Description: A thermocouple consists of two different metals joined at one end. When
the junction is heated or cooled, it generates a small voltage (See beck effect) that is
proportional to the temperature difference.

• Types: There are several types of thermocouples, each with different characteristics
for various temperature ranges:

o Type K (Nickel-Chromium / Nickel-Aluminum) – Common for general use.

o Type J (Iron / Constantan) – Used for lower temperature ranges.

o Type T (Copper / Constantan) – Suitable for low-temperature measurements.

o Type E (Nickel-Chromium / Constantan) – Known for high accuracy in low-


temperature ranges.

• Advantages: Wide temperature range, durable, and relatively inexpensive.

• Applications: Used in industries like manufacturing, energy, and process control.


2. RTDs (Resistance Temperature Detectors)

• Description: An RTD is a temperature sensor that uses the principle that the
resistance of certain metals (commonly platinum) increases with temperature. The
change in resistance is measured and converted to a temperature reading.

• Types: The most common is the Pt100 (Platinum 100), which has a resistance of 100
ohms at 0°C.

• Advantages: High accuracy and stability, better repeatability over time.

• Applications: Industrial, scientific, and process industries where precise temperature


measurements are needed.
3. Thermistors

• Description: A thermistor is a type of resistor whose resistance changes significantly


with temperature. They are usually made from ceramic materials.

• Types:
o NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) thermistors: Resistance decreases
as temperature increases.

o PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) thermistors: Resistance increases as


temperature increases.

• Advantages: High sensitivity, especially for measuring small temperature changes.

• Applications: Common in HVAC systems, medical devices, and consumer


electronics.

4. Infrared (IR) Thermometers

• Description: IR thermometers measure the infrared radiation emitted by an object.


The amount of infrared radiation increases with temperature, and the thermometer
calculates the object's temperature based on this radiation.

• Advantages: Non-contact measurement, useful for moving objects or objects in


hazardous environments.
• Applications: Widely used in maintenance, food safety, and electrical systems.
5. Bimetallic Temperature Gauges

• Description: These gauges consist of two metal strips bonded together. When heated,
the metals expand at different rates, causing the bimetallic strip to bend, which is then
used to move a pointer on a dial.

• Advantages: Simple, reliable, and no need for electrical power.

• Applications: Common in mechanical systems, home appliances, and industrial


applications.

6. Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers

• Description: A traditional thermometer that uses the expansion of a liquid (usually


mercury or alcohol) inside a glass tube. As the temperature increases, the liquid
expands and rises in the tube.

• Advantages: Simple, inexpensive, and accurate over a limited temperature range.

• Applications: Laboratory settings, HVAC systems, and meteorology.


Choosing the Right Temperature Gauge:

• For High Accuracy: RTDs and thermistors are suitable.

• For High Temperatures: Thermocouples (especially type K and type R) are


preferred.

• For Non-Contact Measurement: Infrared thermometers are ideal.


• For Simple Mechanical Applications: Bimetallic temperature gauges are reliable
and cost-effective.
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