Project Synopsis

on

Extinguishing fire in big building with the help of drones

Submitted as partial fulfillment for the award of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
DEGREE
in
Mechanical Engineering
By

Project Group: ME706-G01

0198ME223D12 JAGDEEP
0198ME223D22 NITISH KUMAR PATEL
0198ME223D25 PRIYANSHU KUMAR
0198ME223D26 RAJNEESH SINGH
0198ME223D28 RAMANAND SINGH

Under the guidance of

Dr. Rahul Agrawal
Session:2021-25 (VII Semester)

Prestige Institute of Management and Research Bhopal

Affiliated to
Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya
Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.

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 Student’s Declaration

I / We hereby declare that the work being presented in this report entitled ”
“Extinguishing fire in big building with the help of drones” is an authentic record of my
our own work carried out under the supervision of Dr. R a h u l Ag ra w a l .

The matter embodied in this report has not been submitted by me / us for the award of
any other degree

Enrollment Number Name of Student Signature

0198ME223D12 JAGDEEP --------------------------------

0198ME223D22 NITESH KUMAR PATEL --------------------------------

0198ME223D25 PRIYANSU KUMAR --------------------------------

0198ME223D26 RAJNEESH SINGH --------------------------------

---------------------------------
0198ME223D28 RAMANAND SINGH

This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate(s) is correct to the best of my
knowledge.

…………………………… ………………………….

Dr. Rahul Agrawal Dr.Virendra Rajput

Supervisor, Head,
Department of ME Department of ME

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 Prestige Institute of management and research Bhopal

Department of Mechanical Engineering

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the work embodies in the dissertation entitled “Extinguishing fire in big
building with the help of drones” being submitted by Jagdeep (0198ME223D12),
Nitesh kumar patel (0198ME223D22), Priyansu kumar (0198ME223D28), Rajneesh
singh ( 0198ME223D28) , Ramanand singh (0198ME223D28) . In partial fulfillment of
the requirement of the award Of “Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering” to
Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki VishwaVidyalaya Bhopal (M.p) is a record of minor project piece
of work,carried out by her understand our supervision and guidance in the “Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Prestige Institute of Management and Research Bhopal.

Dr. Rahul Agarwal Dr. Virendra Rajput

Supervisor, Head,

Department of ME Department of ME

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

1. Introduction 01

2. Students Declaration 02

3. Certificate -03

4. Acknowledgement -05

5. Abstract 06

6. Introduction 07

7. Innovation- 08

8. Benefits of your project to society-------------------------------------------09

9. What is basic scientific/Engineering/design principal involved in project-

----------------------------------------10
10. Specify what you will bring to final Competition 11

11. Size of model ( LxBxH in inches ) 12

12. Learning Associated with this project For Young learner - 13

13. Business Plan------------------------ ---------------------------------------14

14. Component 16

15.Cost of the project- - 17

16. Block Diagram- - 18

17. References- 19
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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At the outset I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude my respected dissertation
guide DR. RAHUL AGRAWAL sir under whose able guidance my project saw the light of
the day. I will be ever indebted for his morale boosting, support and encouragement

I am very thankful to DR.RAHUL AGRAWAL (Mentor). I would have been impossible to

complete the project work without their help they made available all the facilities for the
successful completion of the project I am also thankful to the hod all department staff and
follow the colleges who have immensely helped and encouraged me to complete the project
in time.

0198ME223D12 JAGDEEP

0198ME223D22 NITESH KUMAR PATEL

0198ME223D25 PRIYANSU KUMAR

0198ME223D26 RAJNEESH SINGH

0198ME223D28 RAMANAND SINGH

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 ABSTRACT

This paper examines the potential use of fire extinguishing balls as part of a proposed system,
where drone and remote-sensing technologies are utilized cooperatively as a supplement to
traditional firefighting methods. The proposed system consists of scouting unmanned aircraft
system (UAS) to detect spot fires and monitor the risk of wildfire approaching a building,
fence, and/or firefighting crew via remote sensing, communication UAS to establish and
extend the communication channel between scouting UAS and fire-fighting UAS, and a fire-
fighting UAS autonomously traveling to the waypoints to drop fire extinguishing balls
(environmental friendly, heat activated suppressants). This concept is under development
through a transdisciplinary multi-institutional project. The scope of this paper encloses general
illustration of this design, and the experiments conducted so far to evaluate fire extinguishing
balls. The results of the experiments show that smaller size fire extinguishing balls available in
the global marketplace attached to drones might not be effective in aiding in building fires
(unless there are open windows in the buildings already). On the contrary, results show that
even the smaller size fire extinguishing balls might be effective in extinguishing short grass
fires (around 0.5 kg size ball extinguished a circle of 1-meter of short grass). This finding
guided the authors towards wildfire fighting rather than building fires. The paper also
demonstrates building of heavy payload drones (around 15 kg payload), and the progress of
development of an apparatus carrying fire-extinguishing balls attachable to drones.

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 INTRODUCTION

The roles of forests in nature can be listed as cleansing water, stabilizing the soil, cycling
nutrients, controlling the climate, absorbing carbon dioxide, and producing oxygen. They
are the habitats for the wildlife, and an important segment of the country’s economic
wealth . However, every year millions of acres of forest are lost because of forest fires. The
forest fires can be divided into two broad classes; wildfires and prescribed fires. Wildfires
are either caused by accidental or malicious acts of human (almost 90% of wildfires in U.S
or by nature (lightning, etc.) (around 10% of wildfires in USA ). They are not planned by
forest managers and do not occur under controlled settings , and pose severe hazards to
wildlife and society. According to National Interagency Fire Center, from 1 January to 30
November 2017 there were 56,186 wildfires in U.S. causing around 9.2 million acres of
forest loss . According to Verisk’s 2017 wildfire risk analysis, wildfires caused $5.1 billion
loss to U.S. within last 10 years . Additionally, 4.5 million U.S. homes are identified at high
or extreme risk of wildfire . It is crucial to detect and suppress the wildfires as early as
possible; due to the rapid convection spread and long combustion cycle . However, early
intervention is not usually possible due to terrain that is hard to access and the impact of
wind, intensified by various fuel sources contained in the forests. The fuels of wildfires can
be listed as understory foliage, small or large branches, upper layers of the forest floor,
and treetop residues . The fuels can also be categorized as surface fuels versus aerial fuels.
Surface fuels include combustible material lying on or immediately above the ground,
roots and organic soils. Duff, litter, and low-lying vegetative growth are accounted as the
principal surface fuels. Duff is composed of layers of partially decomposed organic matter
on the forest floor, and has little impact on the forward rate of spread of a fire, but
support a slow, smoldering type of combustion . Litter consists of fallen leaves, needles,
twigs, bark, cones, and small branches that have not decayed sufficiently. The low-lying
vegetation includes grasses, low

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shrubs, ferns, seedlings, and other small plants. On the other hand, aerial fuels include all live
and dead material not in direct contact with the ground such as tree branches and foliage
due to volatile oils and resins . Besides the possible fuels existing on forests, it is important to
understand the wildfire behavior. There are four descriptors of wildfire behaviors: rate of
spread (chains/hour), heat per unit area (Btu/ft2), flame length (feet), and fireline intensity
(Btu/ft/s) . Rate of spread is the forward rate of spread at the head of a surface f ire, whereas
heat per unit area is a measure of heat released by a square foot of fuel within the flaming
zone. Flame length is the length from the midway of active flaming zone to the average
position of the flame tip, while fireline intensity is the amount of heat released per second by
a foot wide slice of the flaming combustion zone. The latter two descriptors are the basis for
the fire suppression interpretation . Table 1 shows the suppression interpretations based on
the flame length and fireline intensity [5,6]. Heat per unit area is equal to the fireline
intensity divided by the rate of spread. Thus, for a given fireline intensity, the faster the rate
of spread, the less heat will be directed to the site. On the other hand, a slow moving fire will
concentrate substantial heat on the site .

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1.ProjectSynopsis
Drones, often referred to as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), are cutting-edge flying
machines that have revolutionized various industries. Drones have diversified their utility,
from medical support, traffic monitoring and firefighting. Among these, firefighting stands
out as a recent application. Their autonomous flight capability, access to difficult terrain,
and data-gathering prowess position them as a promising technology in enhancing
firefighting response and rescue operations. Firefighting drones are transformative,
granting access to challenging areas, facilitating data collection, and elevating the safety
and efficacy offire fighting endeavors. Some problems still exist, but we can solve them
with the help of firefighting drones.
Problem statement
In the dire scenario of a high-rise building fire, where an individual finds themselves
trapped within a high-rise building engulfed in flames, their only means of escape hinges
upon the daunting task of cutting through window bars. The task of cutting through
window bars becomes a critical lifeline for trapped individuals, demanding courage and
resourcefulness. Firefighters face formidable challenges in such situations. The towering
height complicates their efforts, requiring specialized equipment and coordinated
responses. Intense heat and smoke hinder access, making stairwels treacherous. Cutting
through window bars amid advancing flames necessitates specialized tools, which may not
always be readily available or easily transportable to the upper floors. Structural instability
adds risk, demanding assessments. Communication and coordination become complex in
the vertical environment. The weight and length of hoses can become cumbersome,
hindering mobility and agility in navigating through the building. Additionally, accessing
upper floors may require specialized equipment such as aerial ladders or platforms, which
may not always be readily available or easily maneuverable in densely built urban areas.

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How drones solve the problem

Our custom drones excel at rapidly delivering vital tools, such as cutters and hoses, to upper
floors in high-rise buildings. This innovation streamlines firefighting, eases physical strain,
and boosts the chances of successful rescue and fire containment. Through our innovative
drone design, we've incorporated fire suppression capabilities. Our custom-made drones
have the ability to engage fires directly, utilizing water or fire-retardant agents, thus
reinforcing our efforts in containment and control, enhancing firefighting effectiveness and
safety protocols. So how we do it to transport such a heavy equipment, To transport heavy
equipment, we do not direct attached the tool to the drone. Instead, we employ a rope and
pulley system. The drone delivers the pulley to the window, attaches it to the bars, and aids
in tool retrieval via rope. We provide a tool to the person trapped in the building so that he
can cut the metal bars and get out from there. After this, we wil provide him a rope
mechanism which can be tied there and he can get down from that building.
We use three methods for cutting windows during rescue operations .
1. If the there is window mesh instant of window bars use Thermal Cutting Tools: These tools
employ high-temperature flames or plasma cutters to cut through metal bars or obstacles.
We cool the metal with water after cutting.
2. If there is metal bars and person is able to access the tool then we provides Circular Saws:
When accessible, circular saws with metal-cutting blades are used to cut through metal bars
and barriers.
3. Jaws of Life: This hydraulic rescue tool is designed to cut, spread, and force open objects,
such as doors and wreckage. It can also be used to create opening when needed.
3.Innovation

The new innovations in this fire fighting drone project include: Customized Payload Delivery
System The project introduces a customized payload delivery system where the drone does not
directly attach heavy cutting tools to its frame but employs a rope and pulley mechanism. This
innovation allows the drone to transport specialized equipment, such as cutters and hoses, to
upper floors, improving its versatility and reducing physical strain on fire fighters.
Fire Suppression Capabilities: Unlike conventional drones, these firefighting drones are
equipped with fire suppression capabilities. They have the ability to directly engage fires with
water or fire-retardant agents, contributing to enhanced firefighting effectiveness and safety
protocols.
Multi Method Approach for Cutting Windows: The project utilizes a multi-method approach
for cutting windows during rescue operations, adapting to different scenarios. It incorporates
thermal cutting tools for window meshes, circular saws for accessible metal bars, and even the
Jaws of Life, a hydraulic rescue tool, for creating openings when necessary. This flexibility
enhances the adaptability of the drone to various high-rise building situations. These
innovations collectively improve the drone's effectiveness in high-rise firefighting and rescue
operations, addressing the unique challenges posed by such scenarios. They streamline the
response process, enhance safety for both firefighters and trapped individuals, and significantly
elevate the chances of successful rescues and fire containment in vertical environments.

4.Benefits of your project to society

Drone used in the project's high-rise firefighting and rescue missions have a number of
significant positive effects on society. Fire Fighting Drone make it possible for firemen to
remotely manage the supply of tools and equipment to higher floors, increasing safety and
reducing their exposure to dangers like heat and smoke. The likelihood of successful rescue
operations and fire.
containment is considerably increased by this quick response and the Fire Fighting drone'
effectiveness in moving heavy equipment. Additionaly, Fire Fighting drone that can put out
fires give an additional line of defense against fires, and their use as communication centers
improves teamwork among firefighters. These developments reduce resource consumption,
improve access to difficult terrain, and provide flexibility in overcoming varied challenges. In
the end, this technology improves public safety by improving high-rise building firefighting
and rescue operations, safeguarding. In summary, this project harnesses the capabilities of
Fire Fighting drone to address the unique challenges posed by fires in tal buildings, making
firefighting and rescue operations safer, more efficient, and more effective. These benefits
have a direct and positive impact on society by improving emergency response capabilities
and protecting both firefighters and the public in Word count(189) high-rise fire incidents.

5.What is the basic scientific/engineering/design principle involved in the project?

1.Aerodynamics: Our drone's design in corporates principles of aerodynamics of ensure

efficient lift and stability. We carefully engineer the shape, size, and placement of wings or
rotors to achieve controlled flight
. 2.PropulsionTechnology:We have harnessed propulsion technologies, use electric motors,
tailored to our drone's needs. Our team selects motor types, power sources, and propeller
designs to optimize performance.
3.ControlSystem Innovation: Our drone features state-of-the-art control systems, including
gyroscopes and accelerometers, developed in-house. These systems are pivotal in
maintaining stability and responsiveness during flight.
4.Remote Sensing: Our drones areequipped with a suite of sensors, such as custom-
designed camera sand thermal imaging devices ,developed by our team. These
sensors are seamlessly integrated to enable precise navigation, surveillance, or
firefighting tasks.
5.CommunicationSystem Customization: We have used communication systems to
ensure robust remote control and data transmission. Our team used wireless
communication and signal processing to maintain uninterrupted connections with our
drones and transmit critical data.
6.PayloadIntegration Prowess: When our drones are deployed for specific tasks like
firefighting, our has capability to attached equipment, such as custom water pipes or
precision cutting tools. Our focus is on weight distribution, stability, and equipment
functionality.
6.Specify what you will bring to final competition
A working drone prototype with attached equipment, such as custom water pipes,
represents a significant advancement in the field of rescue operations and firefighting.
This innovative drone system is designed to enhance the capabilities of first responders
in critical scenarios. Here's a detailed description of the fully equipped set of
equipment and attachments integrated into the drone:
1.Custom Water Pipes: The drone is equipped with specially designed water pipes
capable of carrying water or fire-suppressing agents. These pipes are made from light
weight, durable materials and can be extended or retracted as needed to reach
different heights and angles. The water delivery system includes high-pressure nozzles
for precise fire suppression.
3. Pumping System: An pumping system is to pressurize and efficiently distribute water
through the custom pipes. The pumping system is controllable remotely to adjust the
flow rate and pressure as required for firefighting efforts.
4.Thermal Imaging Camera: A thermal imaging camera is mounted on the drone to
provide real-time thermal imaging of the fire scene. This camera helps identify
hotspots, assess the fire's intensity, and locate potential victims evenin low-visibility
conditions.
5. Robotic Arm: The drone is equipped with a versatile robotic arm that can be
remotely operated. This arm is used for tasks such as, moving objects, carry the pulley
and rope mechanism or creating openings to access trapped individuals. It can also be
used to manipulate firefighting equipment or tools
. 6.Multi-SensorSuite: In addition to thermal imaging, the drone is equipped with a
suite of sensors, including gas detectors, air quality monitors, and cameras with zoom
capabilities. These sensors provide crucial data for situational awareness and decision-
making during rescue operations.
7.CommunicationHub: The drone serves as a communication hub, relaying real-time
video feeds, sensor data for command centers. This ensures seamless coordination and
alow for informed decision-making.
8.GPSand Navigation Systems: To navigate complex environments, the drone is
equipped with GPS and advanced navigation systems. These systems enable
autonomous flight, obstacle avoidance, and the ability to follow predefined flight
paths.
9.PayloadAttachment Points: The drone features multiple attachment points to carry
additional equipment or tools, which can be customized based on the specific needs of
the rescue operation. This versatility allows for the adaptation of the drone to various
scenarios.
10.Modular Design: The drone's design is modular, allowing for easy maintenance and
component replacement. This ensures that the drone can be quickly serviced and
deployed for future operations
In summary, this fuly equipped drone prototype represents a cutting-edge solution for
enhancing rescue operations, particularly in firefighting scenarios. With its custom water
pipes, pumping system, robotic arm, sensors, and communication capabilities, this drone is
a versatile tool that can significantly improve the efficiency and safety of first responders
when facing challenging and hazardous
7.Sizeofthe model(LxBxHininches)
Length:- 12inches
Weigh:-12inches
Height:- 5 inches
Additionally a detachable 36 inch pipe

8.Learning associated with this project for young learners situations.

This project, centered around the development of cutting-edge firefighting drones,

presents a remarkable opportunity for young learners to delve into the fascinating realms
of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). By examining theprinciples
of aerodynamics that govern controlled flight, they can discover how meticulous design
choices in wing or rotor shape, size, and placement can impact lift and stability. Similarly,
exploring propulsion technologies like electric motors, as used in these drones, offers
insights into motor types, power sources, and propeller designs. Moreover, young learners
can grasp the significance of control systems, such as gyroscopes and accelerometers, in
maintaining flight stability. This project introduces them to the captivating world of remote
sensing, where custom-designed cameras and thermal imaging devices play pivotal roles in
navigation, surveillance, and firefighting tasks. Additionally, young minds can unlock the
secrets of wireless communication and signal processing, understanding how these
systems enable seamless drone control and data transmission. Lastly, the integration of
payloads, like custom water pipes and cutting tools, provides valuable lessons in weight
distribution, stability, and equipment functionality. Beyond STEM concepts, this project
nurtures teamwork, problem-solving skills, and encourages creative solutions to real-worl
challenges, making it a dynamic and enriching learning experience for young learners.
9.BusinessPlan
Business Plan:Firefighting Drone Sales and Service
1.BusinessDescription:
1.1ProductDescription: Our firefighting drones are equipped with custom water
pipes, advanced pumping systems, robotic arms, sensors, and communication
capabilities. They can access high-rise buildings, deliver firefighting equipment, and
assist in cutting through window bars to rescue trapped individuals.
2.MarketAnalysis:
2.1MarketOpportunity: The demand for innovative firefighting solutions in high-rise
buildings is growing worldwide. The need for efficient, safe, and rapid response to
emergencies in urban areas presents a significant market opportunity.
2.2Target Customers: Our primary customers include:
- Fire departments and emergency response agencies.
- - Building management companies for high-rise structures.- Industrial facilities
with vertical fire hazards.- Disaster response organizations.
3.CompetitiveAnalysis:
3.1CompetitiveAdvantage: Our firefighting drones offer several advantages over
traditional firefighting methods:- Rapid response and access to difficult-to-reach
areas.- Enhanced safety for first responders. - Efficient delivery of tools and
equipment.- Fire suppression capabilities.- Real-time data collection and
communication .
- Efficient delivery of tools and equipment.- Fire suppression capabilities.- Real-time data
colection and communication .
- 3.2Competition: While there is competition in the drone industry, few companies focus
specifically on firefighting drones with our unique capabilities. But we try to compete
this industries.
- 4.MarketingandSalesStrategy
- : 4.1Marketing: Our marketing strategy includes:- Partnering with firefighting and
emergency response organizations.- Participating in industry trade shows and
conferences.- Providing educational resources on the benefits of fire fighting drones.
- 4.2 Sales Channels: We will sell our drones through direct sales to government
agencies, disaster response organizations, and industrial clients. We will also establish
partnerships with drone retailers and distributors.
- 5.Operationsand Manufacturing:
- 5.1Manufacturing: Our drones are manufactured in-house using state-of-the art
facilities. We prioritize quality control, safety, and reliability in our production process.
- 5.2 Service and Maintenance: We offer comprehensive service and maintenance
packages to ensure the long-term functionality of our drones. This includes training,
repairs, and software updates.
- 7.FutureExpansion:
- 7.1 Research and Development: We will continue to invest in R&D to enhance our
firefighting drone technology and expand our product line.
7.2GlobalExpansion: We plan to expand our reach to international markets with a focus
on regions prone to high-rise building fires. Our firefighting drone business aims to
revolutionize the emergency response industry by providing innovative, life-saving
technology. With our unique capabilities and commitment to safety and efficiency, we
are wel-positioned to meet the growing demand for advanced firefighting solutions. This
business plan outlines our strategy for success and growth in this dynamic market.
7.3 pipe attached to drone : in the drone by increasing the legal capacity we will attach
the pipe to the drone so that there will be no need store water the pipe is connect to the
water store vehicle
7.4 Automatic control: we can control the drone from our phone and immediately call it
to the desired location which will reduce losses and also save us from traffic.

10. Cost of the project

FLYSKY FS-I6 Transmitter & Receiver -

The Flysky FSi6 is a 6 channel remote control transmitter device for quadcopters and
drones. It comes with the FS-iA6B receiver which is a compact 6-channel receiver with a
range exceeding 500m. The receiver has dual antennas for excellent reception and
interference rejection capabilities.
DRONE FRAME -
The drone frame is like the foundation of the drone, It's the structure
that keeps everything in place, like the motors, propellers, and all that
other gear. It's also like a little fortress for sensitive electronics and
other equipment inside, It keeps everything safe and secure.

ESC30A-
Elect ronic Speed Cont rollers (ESC) are used in Quadcopt ers and ot her t ypes of
Drones t o cont rol t he speed of BLDC Mot or. This 30A ESC can be power wit h LiPo
Bat t eries (2S-3S) and can drive BLDC mot ors like t he A2212, wit h a maximum
current of 30A.
BLDC Motor 1000kv
So a Kv rating for motor tells the number of revolutions per minute (RPM) when a
given volt is supplied. Suppose if you are having a motor with 1000Kv rating it
means that it will produce 1000 RPM when 1 volt is supplied.

GPS Module
8 With M8N GPS. APM 2.8 Multicopter Flight Controller is an upgraded version of
2.5, 2.6; with a Built -in Compass for FPV RC Drone. The sensors are exactly the
same as the APM 2.6 flight controller; however, the module has the option to use
the built-in compass an external compass via a jumper.

CP PLUS E21 CAMERA -

To eliminate the hassle of cables and switches, this camera has been wi-fi
enabled which makes it easier and better to conduct surveillance of any closed
space.

 2MP Wi-Fi PT Camera - 15 Mtr.

 Cost of project

Component Price

Battery 2000 mah 1650

Motar 1000kv 1250
Drone frame 1000
Drone 4 Motars 350
ESC 900
Legs for landing gears 1500
Remote 1000
Flight conltoller 6000
Connector 198
Flight controller Radio link 4000
Charger 250