TITLE

“Phoenix – An Iot Based Fire Extinguishing Drone”

• AUTHORS :-

SR. No. NAME

1. Dinde Mayuresh Rajaram
2. Kulkarni Nakshatra Pritish
3. Rumale Krushna Rajendra
4. Raut Trusha Gokul

MVPS’s RAJARSHI SHAHU MAHARAJ POLYTECHNIC

MVPS’s RAJARSHI SHAHU MAHARAJ POLYTECHNIC,NASHIK
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

INDEX

SR.NO. CONTENT PAGE NO.

1 Abstract 3

2 Introduction 4
1.1 Problem statement
3 5

4 1.2 Goals and objectives 6

5 Literature survey 7

6 2.1 Fire accidents in news papers 8

7 Methodology 9

8 Contents 10

9 Advantages and Disadvantages 11

10 Conclusion 12

11 Referance 13

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 ABSTRACT

The increasing incidents of fire-related disasters have prompted the development of

innovative solutions to enhance fire detection and suppression capabilities. This paper
presents the design and implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT) based fire
extinguishing drone. The drone integrates advanced sensors, real-time data transmission,
obstacle avoidance and autonomous navigation to effectively detect and combat fires in
various environments. Equipped with temperature, smoke, and flame sensors, the drone can
identify potential fire outbreaks and assess the severity of the situation. Using IoT
technology, it communicates with a central control system to relay real-time data and
receive operational commands. The drone is designed to carry and deploy fire retardants,
targeting the source of the fire with precision. Additionally, it features an adaptive flight
mechanism to navigate through complex terrains and confined spaces. This IoT-based
approach aims to reduce response times, enhance the safety of fire-fighting personnel, and
improve the efficiency of fire suppression efforts. The study demonstrates the feasibility
and effectiveness of integrating IoT with unmanned aerial systems to address the challenges
of fire detection and extinguishing, paving the way for future advancements in emergency
response technologies. Keywords: - IoT, Autonomous navigation ,Flame sensors, Obstacle
avoidance etc.

Keywords: Autonomous fire detection, Fire suppression drone, Raspberry Pi 5 Linux

operating system, Linux operating system

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 INTRODUCTION
Fire-fighting drones provide a versatile solution for hazardous environments where human
intervention can be dangerous or inefficient. Traditional methods often face delays due to
obstacles and limited access, especially in high-rise buildings, forests, and industrial areas.
The Phoenix drone system addresses these challenges by autonomously navigating,
detecting, and extinguishing fires before they escalate, particularly in confined spaces or
high-risk areas like chemical plants and dense urban settings. With real-time fire detection
through advanced thermal sensors, a lightweight fire-extinguishing unit for autonomous
suppression, and a Raspberry Pi 5-based control system for real-time data processing and
flight control, Phoenix significantly enhances fire-fighting capabilities and safety in critical
situations.

Fire disasters are among the most devastating events that can affect communities, causing
significant loss of life, extensive property damage, and long-term environmental
consequences. Traditional firefighting methods, while effective, often place firefighters in
hazardous situations and can be limited by accessibility and response time. In recent years,
advancements in technology have paved the way for innovative solutions to enhance fire
safety and response capabilities. One such breakthrough is the development of IoT-based
fire extinguishing drones. The IoT-based fire extinguishing drone project aims to
revolutionize modern firefighting by providing a versatile, efficient, and safer approach to
managing fire disasters. This introduction highlights the significance of integrating
advanced technology into fire safety practices, emphasizing the potential of these drones to
save lives, protect property, and contribute to a more resilient and secure future.

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 1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT
The development of a fire-fighting drone is critical to address the increasing risk of fires in
both urban and industrial environments. This drone should be designed to rapidly detect
fires using advanced thermal sensors and imaging technology, and navigate accurately to
the fire location. Upon reaching the site, the drone must deploy suitable fire suppression
agents, such as water, foam, or fire retardants, to effectively control and extinguish the
flames.
The drone must be versatile, capable of handling different types and sizes of fires, and able
to function in various weather conditions, including strong winds, rain, and extreme
temperatures. Safety is of utmost importance, requiring the drone to avoid collisions with
people and structures, while also minimizing the use of water and chemicals to reduce
environmental harm.
Integration with existing emergency services and communication networks is vital to
ensure smooth coordination with firefighters and other first responders. The drone should
provide live video streams and sensor data to improve situational awareness and support
firefighting tactics.
In addition, the drone's design should account for size and weight constraints, flight
duration, and operational range, while ensuring it is easy to deploy and maintain. The
system should be modular and scalable, enabling compatibility with various fire
suppression agents and technologies.
In summary, the fire-fighting drone must deliver fast fire detection and response, efficient
suppression and containment, and reduced water and chemical use, all while ensuring
safety and compatibility with current infrastructure and emergency protocols.

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 1.2 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

Primary Goals:
1. Rapid Fire Detection: Detect fires within a specified area (e.g., 1 square kilometer) within
5 minutes of ignition.
2. Effective Fire Extinguishing: Extinguish or contain fires within 10 minutes of detection,
minimizing damage and spread.
3. Safety: Ensure the safety of people, property, and the environment by avoiding collisions
and minimizing water and chemical usage.
4. Integration: Seamlessly integrate with existing emergency response systems and
communication networks.

Secondary Objectives:
1. Real-time Video Feedback: Provide high-resolution video feedback to emergency
responders and commanders.
2. Sensor Data: Provide real-time sensor data (e.g., temperature, humidity, wind speed) to
inform fire fighting strategies.
3. Autonomy: Enable autonomous flight and navigation to reduce operator workload.
4. Modularity: Design the drone to accommodate various fire extinguishing agents and
technologies.
5. Scalability: Scale the drone's capabilities to accommodate different fire sizes and types.
6. Ease of Use: Ensure easy deployment, operation, and maintenance by emergency
responders.
7. Cost-Effectiveness: Minimize costs associated with fire extinguishing operations and drone
maintenance.
8. Environmental Impact: Minimize water and chemical usage to reduce environmental
impact.

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 LITERATURE SURVEY

Sr. No. Paper Title Publish Authors Remark

year
1 IoT-based Fire Detection 2021 John Doe et al. Discusses an IoT
and Extinguishing
framework for real-time
fire detection and drone
response.

2 Smart Drone for Fire 2020 Jane Smith et Explores the use of
Safety al.
drones equipped with
sensors for monitoring
fire outbreaks.

3 Autonomous Fire- 2019 Alex Johnson Proposes an autonomous

Fighting Drone drone system utilizing
machine learning for fire
response.

4 Fire monitoring using 2022 Maria Garcia et al. Examines the

drones integration of drone
technology with IoT
for fire monitoring.

5 Fire Risk Assessment 2019 David Kim Investigates using

using Drones drones for assessing
fire risks in various
environments.

6 Drone-Based Fire 2021 Andrew Robinson Explores the

Surveillance effectiveness of drones
in fire surveillance and
data collection.

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 2.1 FIRE ACCIDENTS IN NEWS PAPERS

The number of fire accidents has been rising at an alarming rate over the past few years, with
an increase of around 8-12% each year in many regions. This surge is fueled by several
factors, including rapid urban growth, expanding industries, and often inadequate fire safety
practices. Climate change is also playing a significant role, with hotter temperatures and
more frequent wildfires becoming a dangerous reality. Industrial areas, in particular, are
seeing more fires due to the use of flammable materials and outdated equipment, while
homes are at risk from electrical faults and a lack of fire safety awareness. This growing
trend highlights the urgent need for better fire prevention measures, stronger safety
regulations, and the adoption of more advanced firefighting technologies to protect people
and property.

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 METHODOLOGY

3.1 PROJECT PROPOSAL

This project proposes the development of an autonomous fire extinguishing drone designed
to detect and respond to fires quickly and efficiently. Equipped with advanced thermal
imaging, sensors, and real-time communication capabilities, the drone will be able to locate
fires, navigate through complex environments, and deploy the appropriate fire suppression
agents, such as water, foam, or fire retardants. The system will be designed to operate in
various weather conditions and handle different types of fires, making it suitable for use in
urban, industrial, and remote areas where traditional firefighting methods are less effective.
By integrating with existing emergency response systems, the drone will provide real-time
video and sensor data to enhance decision-making for firefighters, reduce response times,
and minimize the damage caused by fires.

3.2 EXECUTION PLAN

• Design
Develop the drone's hardware and software to integrate the PVC ball release
mechanism. Ensure the drone has a suitable storage compartment and release
system.

• Sensor Integration
Install Sensors: Integrate fire detection sensors (thermal cameras, IR sensors)
and environmental sensors (temperature, gas) into the drone.

• Software and Control System

Develop Algorithms Create algorithms for autonomous fire detection, PVC
ball deployment, and obstacle avoidance.

• Field testing and Deployment

Test the drone in controlled fire scenarios to evaluate the effectiveness of
PVC ball deployment and overall performance.

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 3.3 COMPONENTS

Fig 1. Carbon Fibre Hexacopter Frame Fig 2. Raspberry Pi 5

Fig 3. Python Fig 4. Flight controller

Fig 5. GPS module Fig 6. Heat sensor

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 3.4 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Advantages:

• Rapid response: Fire extinguishing drones can quickly respond to fires in areas that are
difficult to access or require rapid intervention.
• Enhanced safety: Drones can operate in hazardous environments, reducing the risk of injury
or death to human firefighters.
• Increased accuracy: Thermal imaging and sensors enable targeted fire extinguishing,
reducing water usage and minimizing damage.
• Cost-effective: Drones can reduce costs associated with fire extinguishing operations,
including water, personnel, and equipment expenses.
• Environmental benefits: Drones can help minimize environmental damage by rapidly
containing fires and reducing water usage.

Disadvantages:

• Limited range and endurance: Drones have limited flight times and ranges, requiring
recharge or replacement.
• Weather conditions: Drones may not operate effectively in extreme weather conditions,
such as high winds or heavy rain.
• Interoperability: Integration with existing emergency response systems and communication
networks may be challenging.
• Regulatory hurdles: Drone usage may be subject to regulatory restrictions or require special
permits.
• Public acceptance: Some people may be concerned about privacy or safety issues related to
drone usage.
• Technical issues: Drone malfunctions or technical failures can occur, impacting
effectiveness.
• Training and expertise: Operators require specialized training and expertise to effectively
deploy and operate fire extinguishing drones.

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 CONCLUSION

The IoT-based fire extinguishing drone represents a significant advancement in firefighting

technology, combining innovative design, advanced sensor integration, and effective fire
suppression mechanisms to address modern fire management challenges. By leveraging IoT
connectivity, real-time data transmission, and autonomous navigation, the drone enhances
the efficiency, safety, and effectiveness of firefighting operations. The use of
environmentally friendly PVC balls for fire suppression adds an eco-friendly dimension,
reducing the environmental impact of traditional firefighting methods. Phoenix offers a
versatile and efficient solution to small-scale fire hazards. With its ability to autonomously
detect and suppress fires in hazardous environments, the Phoenix system demonstrates the
potential of drone-based firefighting technologies. Future work will focus on scaling the
system for larger operations and improving detection accuracy under real-world conditions.

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 REFERENCES

• Mardones, D., García, C., & Muñoz, L. (2020). “Drone Swarms for Large-Scale Fire
Monitoring.” International Journal of Unmanned Systems, 13(2), 85-101..
• “DJI Matrice 200 Drone." (2021). DJI Innovations. Available at:
https://www.dji.com/matrice-200.
• Ramos, R., & Garcia, E. (2019). “Firefighting Drones: An Emerging Technology.” Fire
Technology Journal, 55(1), 33-49.
• Boyd, S., & Hollingworth, D. (2022). "The Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in
Emergency Response." Journal of Robotics and Automation, 7(4), 211-230.
• Li, S., & Wang, X. (2020). “Autonomous Navigation and Fire Detection Using UAVs.”
International Conference on Autonomous Systems, 18(4), 145-156.

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