dealing with an isotropically reinforced hexagonal slab with fixed edges.

This means:

 Isotropic: The slab has the same bending strength in all directions.
 Fixed Edges: The edges are rigidly supported, preventing rotation.
 Uniform Distributed Load (w): A constant load is applied across the entire slab surface.
 Plastic Capacities:
o m1 is the plastic moment capacity at the supports (negative moment).
o m2 is the plastic moment capacity at the span (positive moment).
 Goal: Determine the ultimate load (w) that causes a plastic mechanism to form.

Plastic Mechanism and Yield Line Theory

To find the ultimate load, use the yield line theory. This theory assumes that at failure, plastic
hinges (yield lines) form in the slab, creating a mechanism.

Hexagonal Yield Line Pattern

For a hexagonal slab with fixed edges and a uniform load, the yield line pattern will typically
involve:

1. Radial Yield Lines: Yield lines extending from the center of the hexagon to each vertex.
2. Circumferential Yield Lines: Yield lines forming along the edges of the hexagon.

Energy Method

use the energy method to relate the external work done by the load to the internal work done by
the plastic moments.

1. External Work (We)

 The uniform distributed load (w) causes a deflection (δ) at the center of the hexagon.
 The external work done is the integral of the load multiplied by the deflection over the
entire area of the hexagon.

The side length of the hexagon is L. The area of a regular hexagon is: A

The external work done is: We=∫wδdA=wδA=wδ233L2

2. Internal Work (Wi)

 The internal work is the sum of the work done by the plastic moments along the yield
lines.
 The yield lines will form a pyramid shape.
 The length of the radial yield lines will be the distance from the center to a vertex. That
length is equal to L.
 The rotation along the radial yield lines is θ.
  The rotation along the edge yield lines is related to the central deflection and the side
length.

The total internal work done is the sum of the work done along the radial and circumferential
yield lines.

Internal work radial yield lines: Wi,radial=6m2LLδ=6m2δ

Internal work circumferential yield lines: Wi,circumferential=6m1LLδ=6m1δ

Therefore, the total internal work is: Wi=6m1δ+6m2δ=6δ(m1+m2)

3. Equating External and Internal Work

To find the ultimate load, we equate the external and internal work:

We=Wi wδ233L2=6δ(m1+m2)

Solving for w:

w=233L26(m1+m2) w=33L212(m1+m2) w=3L24(m1+m2)

Final Result

The ultimate load (w) is:

w=3L24(m1+m2)

Therefore, the ultimate load that causes a mechanism is w=3L24(m1+m2).

can it be complete the answer with the graph of hexagon for presentation

Okay, I can provide a detailed description to help you visualize the hexagonal slab and its yield
line pattern. You can use this description to create a sketch or diagram for your presentation.

Description for Visualizing the Hexagonal Slab and Yield Line Pattern

1. The Hexagonal Slab

 Shape: Imagine a regular hexagon. All six sides are equal in length, and all six interior
angles are equal (120 degrees).
 Edges: The edges of the hexagon are fixed. This means that the slab is rigidly supported
along all its sides, preventing any rotation or deflection at the edges.

2. The Yield Line Pattern

The yield line pattern is the pattern of plastic hinges that form in the slab at failure. Here's how to
visualize it:

 Radial Yield Lines:

o Start at the very center of the hexagon.
o Draw six straight lines extending from the center to each of the six vertices
(corners) of the hexagon. These lines are the radial yield lines.
o These lines represent plastic hinges where the slab bends upwards (positive
bending). The plastic moment capacity along these lines is m2.
 Circumferential Yield Lines:
o Along each of the six fixed edges of the hexagon, imagine a plastic hinge
forming.
o These hinges represent the resistance to the fixed support, where the slab bends
downwards (negative bending). The plastic moment capacity along these lines is
m1.

3. Deformation

 When the ultimate load is reached, the slab will deform into a shape somewhat like a
pyramid, but with curved surfaces.
 The radial yield lines act as the "ridges" of this pyramid.
 The maximum deflection occurs at the center of the hexagon.

Key Features to Emphasize in Your Diagram

 Hexagon: Clearly show the regular hexagonal shape.

 Fixed Edges: Indicate that the edges are fixed (you can use symbols like short,
perpendicular lines along the edges).
 Radial Yield Lines: Draw these as solid lines from the center to the vertices.
 Circumferential Yield Lines: Draw these as solid lines along the edges.
 Load: Indicate the uniform distributed load (w) with downward arrows across the
hexagon.
 Deflection: You can add a dashed line or curve to show the deformed shape of the slab,
with the maximum deflection at the center.
 m1 and m2: Label the radial yield lines with m2 and the edge yield lines with m1 to
indicate the plastic moment capacities.

I hope this detailed description helps you create a clear and effective visual representation of the
problem!

complete it with the complete answer

Alright, let's put it all together for a complete, presentable answer:

Problem Statement:
An isotropically reinforced hexagonal slab with all fixed edges is subjected to a uniform
distributed load w that causes a plastic mechanism. The slab has positive and negative moment
plastic capacities of m2 (span) and m1 (support), respectively. Determine the ultimate load w in
terms of m1, m2, and L (the side length of the hexagon).

Solution:

1. Yield Line Pattern:

 Due to the uniform load and fixed edges, the yield line pattern will consist of:
o Radial yield lines extending from the center of the hexagon to each vertex. These
lines represent positive bending with plastic moment capacity m2.
o Circumferential yield lines along each fixed edge of the hexagon. These lines
represent negative bending with plastic moment capacity m1.

2. Energy Method:

 We will use the energy method, equating the external work done by the load to the
internal work done by the plastic moments.

3. External Work (We):

 The area of a regular hexagon is: A=233L2

 Let δ be the deflection at the center of the hexagon.
 The external work done is: We=wδA=wδ233L2

4. Internal Work (Wi):

 Radial Yield Lines:

o There are six radial yield lines, each with length L.
o The work done along each radial yield line is m2 multiplied by the rotation, which
is δ/L.
o Total work done by radial yield lines: Wi,radial=6m2LδL=6m2δ
 Circumferential Yield Lines:
o There are six circumferential yield lines, each with length L.
o The work done along each circumferential yield line is m1 multiplied by the
rotation, which is δ/L.
o Total work done by circumferential yield lines: Wi,circumferential=6m1Lδ
L=6m1δ
 Total internal work: Wi=Wi,radial+Wi,circumferential=6m2δ+6m1δ=6δ(m1+m2)

5. Equating External and Internal Work:

 Equate the external and internal work: wδ233L2=6δ(m1+m2)

6. Solving for Ultimate Load (w):

  Solve for w: w=233L26(m1+m2) w=33L212(m1+m2) w=3L24(m1+m2)

Final Answer:

The ultimate load w that causes a plastic mechanism in the hexagonal slab is:

w=3L24(m1+m2)

Visual Representation (Description for Diagram):

 Draw a regular hexagon.

 Indicate fixed edges with short, perpendicular lines along each side.
 Draw six radial lines from the center of the hexagon to each vertex. Label these lines with
m2.
 Draw lines along each edge of the hexagon, representing the fixed edges. Label these
lines with m1.
 Draw downward arrows over the entire hexagon to represent the uniform distributed load
w.
 Optionally include a dashed line indicating the deformed shape of the slab.

This complete answer provides the solution and a clear description for a supporting diagram.

what about the pyramidal shape of the defilaction

You're absolutely right to emphasize the pyramidal shape! Let's incorporate that more explicitly
into the description and reasoning.

Refined Description of Deformation and Yield Lines:

1. Pyramidal Deformation:

 The key to understanding the deflection is that the yield lines create a series of rigid
triangular planes.
 The radial yield lines act as the "edges" of a pyramid.
 The center of the hexagon experiences the maximum deflection, denoted as δ.
 Each triangular portion of the slab, bounded by the radial yield lines and the edge yield
lines, rotates about the edge yield lines.
 This rotation forms a pyramidal shape, with the apex at the center of the hexagon.

2. Yield Line Mechanism:

 When the ultimate load is reached, the slab doesn't just bend; it forms a mechanism. This
means that the plastic hinges (yield lines) allow the slab to deform with constant
resistance.
 The radial yield lines create a folding effect, like the creases in a pyramid.
 The circumferential yield lines act as the base of the folding triangular planes.
How This Affects the Energy Method:

 The energy method relies on the assumption that the deformation is consistent with the
yield line pattern.
 The pyramidal shape ensures that the rotation along each radial yield line is uniform and
related to the central deflection δ.
 The rotation of the triangular planes about the edge yield lines is also related to the
central deflection.
 Therefore, the calculation of internal work is valid because it accounts for the consistent
rotation of these rigid triangular planes.

Visualization Enhancement:

 In your diagram, try to show the pyramidal shape more clearly. You can do this by:
o Using dashed lines to indicate the inclined planes of the pyramid.
o Adding arrows to show the direction of rotation along the yield lines.
o If using 3d software, create a 3d model of the deformed shape.
 Emphasize that the triangular portions of the slab rotate as rigid planes about the fixed
edges.

In summary:

The pyramidal shape is not just a visual detail; it's a fundamental aspect of the yield line
mechanism. It ensures that the deformation is consistent with the assumed yield line pattern,
which is essential for the validity of the energy method.

do it with this concept

Understood. Let's incorporate the pyramidal deformation concept directly into the complete
solution, making it more explicit.

Problem Statement:

An isotropically reinforced hexagonal slab with all fixed edges is subjected to a uniform
distributed load w that causes a plastic mechanism. The slab has positive and negative moment
plastic capacities of m2 (span) and m1 (support), respectively. Determine the ultimate load w in
terms of m1, m2, and L (the side length of the hexagon), explicitly considering the pyramidal
deformation.

Solution:

1. Yield Line Pattern and Pyramidal Deformation:

 The yield line pattern consists of:

o Radial yield lines extending from the center of the hexagon to each vertex
(positive bending, m2).
 o Circumferential yield lines along each fixed edge of the hexagon (negative
bending, m1).
 Upon reaching the ultimate load, the slab deforms into a pyramidal shape.
o The radial yield lines act as the "edges" of this pyramid.
o The circumferential yield lines form the base of the rotating triangular planes.
o The center of the hexagon experiences the maximum deflection δ.
o Each triangular portion of the slab, bounded by the radial and edge yield lines,
rotates as a rigid plane about the edge yield line.

2. Energy Method:

 We will use the energy method, equating the external work done by the load to the
internal work done by the plastic moments, considering the pyramidal deformation.

3. External Work (We):

 The area of a regular hexagon is: A=233L2

 The external work done by the uniform distributed load w is: We=wδA=wδ233L2

4. Internal Work (Wi):

 Radial Yield Lines (Pyramidal Edges):

o There are six radial yield lines, each with length L.
o Due to the pyramidal deformation, each radial yield line rotates by an angle δ/L.
o The work done along each radial yield line is m2(rotation) = m2(δ/L).
o Total work done by radial yield lines: Wi,radial=6m2LδL=6m2δ
 Circumferential Yield Lines (Pyramidal Base):
o There are six circumferential yield lines, each with length L.
o Due to the pyramidal deformation, each section of the slab rotates about these
lines, the rotation angle being δ/L.
o The work done along each circumferential yield line is m1(rotation) = m1(δ/L).
o Total work done by circumferential yield lines: Wi,circumferential=6m1Lδ
L=6m1δ
 Total internal work: Wi=Wi,radial+Wi,circumferential=6m2δ+6m1δ=6δ(m1+m2)

5. Equating External and Internal Work:

 Equate the external and internal work: wδ233L2=6δ(m1+m2)

6. Solving for Ultimate Load (w):

 Solve for w: w=233L26(m1+m2) w=33L212(m1+m2) w=3L24(m1+m2)

Final Answer:
The ultimate load w that causes a plastic mechanism, with the crucial consideration of the
pyramidal deformation, in the hexagonal slab is:

w=3L24(m1+m2)

Key Emphasis:

 The pyramidal deformation is explicitly mentioned and tied to the rotation calculations
within the energy method.
 This explicitly shows how the shape of the deformation affects the work done, and
therefore, the ultimate load.

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