Should Should/should not

Seem should but shouldn’t

Some should and some shouldn’t

The only Yes -> no other ways/others wont work

No -> other ways/ others work

The most/best Yes -> others less effective

No -> others more effective

A better than B A>B, A<B

Each is better than a certain group

Not necessarily better

Both are good

A and B Mention and tackle both A and B

Ad outweigh dis More benefits + address the problems

More drawbacks and address the benefits

More drawbacks without addressing the benefits

Good for A but not B

Positive/negative Positive/negative

Seem negative but actually positive

Negative without addressing benefits

Problem – solution What - make better solution

Causes - solution Why – make better solution

Causes – effect Why - result

2 part question Mix of all above

CÁC DẠNG CÂU HỎI TASK 2:

YÊU CẦU

Task response: Vocabulary:

- Đảm bảo đủ tất cả yêu cầu đề, đủ format mở bài (giới thiệu topic), Tránh lỗi spelling, dùng đúng dạng từ để truyền đạt cho người đọc
thân bài (chia 2 đoạn với các đoạn gồm những ý liên quan), kết bài hiểu ý
(tóm gọn topic) Dùng từ ít gặp nhưng phải đúng ngữ cảnh đúng nghĩa
- Phát triển ý rõ ràng, có kết luận (practical/impractical/measure/solutions)
- Dẫn chứng phải phù hợp, liên quan với ideas Linh hoạt sử dụng từ vựng (student/young pupil/teenagers/highschool
- Không quy chụp hoặc đưa ví dụ lan man student)
- Thuyết phục được giám khảo để không xảy ra trường hợp “why” Dùng collocation, không dùng idioms (prevent somebody doing
NOTE: PHẢI TRẢ LỜI HẾT TOÀN BỘ YÊU CẦU ĐỀ BÀI, something)
KHÔNG LIST IDEAS MÀ PHẢI THÊM LẬP LUẬN VÍ DỤ, Lựa chọn từ phù hợp nghĩa, hiểu rõ nghĩa mới được dùng
KHÔNG QUY CHỤP Dùng đúng từ vựng theo chủ đề: traffic jams, traffic volume
Thay thế từ vựng trong một nhóm: citizen, resident

Coherence & cohension: Grammar range & accuracy:

Đưa ra và sắp xếp theo logic, kết nối các ideas với những từ nối phù Đảm bảo ngữ pháp để người đọc hiểu
hợp. Dùng câu phức, hạn chế tuyệt đối dùng câu đơn
Dùng câu phức, câu ghép thay vì dùng một chuỗi câu đơn. Viết câu không sai ngữ pháp càng nhiều càng tốt
Dùng phù hợp và chính xác lượng từ nối, không dùng máy móc Không viết tắt: cannot
Liên hệ ngược idea phía trước phù hợp Không viết câu dài hơn 40 từ
Luôn luôn phải có central topic Không viết mở bài, kết bài quá dài
Liệt kê ideas Không viết ideas xong để đó
Dùng this, these, such, those, however,… để refer lại ý phía trước Không viết ideas một đằng kết luận một nẻo
Dùng từ đồng nghĩa để refer, vd: traveler – holidaymaker Không viết câu thiếu động từ
Không được bỏ mở bài kết bài
Không gộp 2 bodies làm 1
Không sai lỗi song song khi liệt kê
Không dùng … hay etc
Không dùng từ quá informal/idioms
Không dùng FANBOYS đầu câu (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)

Topic sentence – reasoning – example – conclusion

The reasons for not giving hw to students on a daily basis are EVIDENT (rõ ràng)

There are justifiable reasons to argue that S + V

 This is because

 Chief of these is that + S + V

 The key reason is that + S + V

 moreover/furthermore/in addition,

 Example

 Consequently/as a result
CÁCH VIẾT THÂN BÀI: topic sentence – explanation – example – discuss – link

Lưu ý: topic sentence luôn luôn phải có và phải rõ ràng, giải thích hoặc đưa ví dụ sẽ tùy theo từng đề từng cách sắp xếp dàn ý.

1. Đoạn có 1 idea: topic sentence – explanation – example – discuss – link

The media should include more stories which report good news. To what extend do you agree or disagree?

Firstly, the so-called (cái gọi là) bad news can be beneficial. This is because it can alarm the public of existing and looming (ẩn náu) problems in
their communities. Take, for example, a piece of news on tragic traffic accident in which a family of 4 lost their lives because the father who
driving under the influence of alcohol. Undoubtedly, if people are constantly exposed to this kind of news, they are much more likely to avoid
drunk driving or try to dissuade their drunk friends from driving. Therefore, by reporting tragic deaths caused by dangerous driving, or cases of
cold-blooded murderers, media companies can help the general public avoid countless problems in life.

Contrast: some people believe that reading stories from a book is better than watching TV or playing computer games for children. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?

Firstly, reading stories undoubtedly helps children enrich their language ability, which has been proven to help them absorb knowledge better. Of
course, one might argue that when young people watch TV shows or movies, they can also learn new words, expressions and grammar structures.
However, spoken language is not as diverse as written language. As for gaming, those playing computer games may be asked to read a text to
know what they need to do to win or what their mission is. Nevertheless, the text only revolves around the context of the game, which does not
expose young gamers to as many aspects of life as stories do.

2. Đoạn có 2 ideas: topic sentence – supporting 1 – discuss (example/result/discussion/reason/contrast) – supporting 2 – discuss

The media should include more stories which report good news. To what extend do you agree or disagree?

Admittedly, there are good reasons to say that the press should include more good news. The key argument here is that reading positive pieces of
news allow people to have more positive outlook on life. By reading news about successful entrepreneurs who thrive in the face of adversity,
readers of news can learn to preserve and stay positive during tough times. Furthermore, exposure to positive, emotional stories helps people
connect and empathize with others, fostering strong social bonds. People living in such milieu are more likely to help each other, which is a clear
benefit for everyone

3. Counter argurment: point – explain – counter

Some people say that we do not need printed newspaper anymore. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Granted, one might argue that traditional newspapers are obsolete. This is predicated on the assumption that anyone with a mobile phone or
laptop with an access to the internet can easily keep abreast of what is happening in the world. However, this line of reasoning is not sound
because it fails to factor in the unaffordability of the technological gadgets involved. Since large number of people are still living under the
poverty line, it is unreasonable to expect them to spend several hundreds of dollars on such devices and pay another amount every month to get
access to online news. These people clearly rely on newspapers to find information about what is going on in their own communities and across
the globe.

The best way to solve world’s environmental problem is to increase to cost of fuel. Do you agree or disagree?

Of course, one might argue that increasing the prices of fuel could help solve environmental issues this is predicated on the assumption that such
a measure would force some people, especially money-conscious ones, to give up their private vehicles for public transport. This according to
this theory, ultimately results in less fuel being consumed and low levels of toxics gases being released into the air. However, this line of
reasoning is not sound because the amount of greenhouse gases emitted by personal vehicles is negligible, compared to that of industrial plants or
factories. This very fact renders the effects of increasing the price of petrol on the environment insignificant.

Some people who have been in prison become good citizens later and it is often argued that these are the best people to talk to teenagers
about the dangers of committing a crime, to what extent do you agree or disagree?

Firstly, teenagers are more likely to accept advice from someone who can speak from experience. Reformed offenders can tell young people
about how they became involved in crime, the dangers of a criminal lifestyle, and what life in a prison is really like. The vivid and perhaps
shocking nature of these stories is likely to have a powerful impact on young people. Granted, one might argue that adolescents, who are still
very impressionable, might idolize ex-criminals and try to imitate their crimes. However, after hearing about how much suffering they and their
loved-ones experienced when they were serving a prison term, as we see, for example, in cases where convicts are not allowed to visit their dying
family members, I doubt that anyone would choose to go down the criminal path
SHOULD: tìm cơ sở so sánh (hoàn toàn đồng ý hoặc hoàn toàn không đồng ý), một nhóm này nên nhưng nhóm kia không nên (dùng counter),
nghe có vẻ không nên nhưng lại nên (ý sau phải mạnh và thuyết phục hơn)

Education for young people is important in many countries. However, some people think that the government should spend more money
on education for the adult population who cannot read and write. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Firstly, since adults who are not able to read or write are faced with tremendous difficulties in both personal and professional life, literacy courses
provide them with necessary knowledge and skills to overcome such problems. For example, participants of these classes will no longer feel
helpless when they need to read a piece of story for their children before bed or write an email for their friends. Similarly, they will no longer be
deprived of promotion opportunities at work solely on the basis of their literacy skills or the lack thereof. The provision of adult education, thus,
liberates individuals with low-literacy levels and empowers them to succeed both personally and professionally.

Beside this, countries deciding to invest more in adult education will also reap financial rewards. This is because a better educated workforce can
act as a precursor to fostering economic growth, as seen in countries such as Vietnam, where a casual link was found in the crusade to eradicate
illiteracy and economic development. Furthermore, since literate parents are repeatedly found to be better at rearing their children, investing in
adult education will produce better-raised children. The corollary of this investment would be a sustainable economy and better society.

Some should, some should not

Some people argue that there is no point in preserving old buildings when land is so valuable in our cities. Others believe that old
building are an important part of our heritage and should be preserved. Discuss both views and state your opinion.

Opinions are divided on whether old buildings should be preserved or demolished to make room for more accommodation or commercial
developments. I believe that the decision depends on the special circumstances of each one

In areas where more housing is needed, many old structures are not worth keeping because they either lack interest or they may be dangerous.
With regard to their historic value, many of them are not interesting architecturally or historically, and neither are they unique in any way.
Another reason for replacing them is that they may be dangerous, damp, or in other ways unsuitable for modern cities, and for this reason local
people would benefit from new, purpose-built accommodation or other facilities. These new developments will be superior to the old ones they
replaced. An additional benefit of building new accommodation is that in some cities, housing in the central areas in prohibitively expensive, so
new constructions will reduce the living costs to ordinary people.

However, even though many old buildings are of no value, as seen above there are others that are worth preserving for their historic or
architectural interest. A good example of this in Vietnam is the Royal Palace at Hue, which no one would dream of destroying because as well as
being of great historic importance, it is also a magnet for tourists. Another important building is Ho Chi Minh’s house in the center of Ha Noi.
This, although it may not be important for its architecture, is of great value as a historic artefact for the local people. These structures should be
preserved and maintained for their cultural value, regardless of the financial value of the land they lie on.

In conclusion, although there are many buildings that must be kept for their cultural or historic value, others should be replaced by housing or
other developmens.

Seem should but actually shouldn’t

New parents should attend parenting courses to ensure the growth of their children. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Of all the worries young couples often have, perhaps the most incessant one is about whether they are prepared to raise their children. This has
led to some believe that newly-wed couples should attend parenthood preparation courses to best rear their children, and I personally think that
there is little to disagree with in this observation.

Granted, one might argue that it is unnecessary for young married couples to take parental lessons to learn child-care skills. This is predicated on
the assumption that we can gain these skills from our older family members, such as our parents and grandparents. According to this theory, our
ancestors have done this for thousands of years without any formal support or the intervention of a taught course. In addition, what works on a
child may not work on others, so perhaps it is better for adults to get to know their own children. By observing and trying different strategies,
good parents will gradually develop a parenting method that best facilities the development of their children.

However, this line of reasoning is not sound since many arguably traditional child-rearing practices are scientifically proven to be detrimental.
Newborn babies in Vietnam, for example, are often kept away from sunlight during the first month because this is believed to boost their immune
system, while the opposite is the case. Thus, parenting courses are an ideal vehicle to dispel such misconceptions. Although it is true that we can
now read books or online articles about parenting, there is no way to verify the information. By contrast, young parents can learn from real
experts in childcare when they participate in parental courses.

In conclusion, to ensure the growth of their offspring, newly married parents should set aside some time to attend parental training courses
because such courses help prospective parents avoid unorthodox (kì dị) and potentially harmful practices, and unnecessary risks when raising
their children.
THE ONLY: chứng minh được đó là cách giải quyết vấn đề duy nhất, không còn cách nào khác HOẶC chứng minh những cách khác cũng có thể
giải quyết được vấn đề (không nhất thiết phải chứng minh đó là cách tốt nhất)

Some people say that economic growth is the only way to end hunger and poverty, while others say that economic growth is damaging
the environment so it should be stopped. Discuss both views and give your opinion,

Economic development is seemingly achieved at the cost of the environment. This has led some to propose that governments should halt
economic growth, but many people posit it as the only panacea for starvation and poverty. My stance is that economic advancement is not
entirely to blame for environmental problems and that it plays a key role in alleviating world hunger and breaking the vicious circle of poverty.

Admittedly, there is empirical evidence suggesting how much harm countries thriving economically are doing to the environment. This can be
seen in the disappearance of natural habitats due to deforestation, the extinction of many animal species due to poaching, and pollution of various
kinds due to industrial and agricultural waste. Such problems, however, are fundamentally cause by maladroit (yếu kém) governments that either
overlook (xem nhẹ) the repercussions (hậu quả) of their inaction or condone (cổ súy) pernicious (xấu xa) human activities because of short-term
economic incentives (lợi ích). Thus, the environment could still be protected if governments around the world strove or economic sustainability.

I am convinced that the growth in global wealth is the only way to eradicate hunger and poverty. The former problem can be remedied by
providing those living in destitute regions with food and shelter, but this provision is not financially viable without economic progress.
Furthermore, a successful economy invariably engenders more job opportunities, hence allowing more economically disadvantaged people to
feed themselves and their families. Nevertheless, the lack of important knowledge areas or employability skills confines poor people to a small
number of jobs. In order to holistically curb this problem, countries have to allocate more funding to education, for example in the form of
educational facilities in less well-off neighborhoods and free vocational courses for under-employed and unemployed adults. Again, without
sufficient funds, this capital allocation is impossible.

In conclusion, economic growth does not necessarily exclude the protection of the environment and vice versa, provided that governments
rigorously circumscribe detrimental economic activities. Thus the promotion of its growth should be embraced because it is the only way to
tackle starvation and poverty.

THE ONLY – NO:

The only way to improve safety of our roads is to give much stricter punishments for driving offences. What extend do you agree or
disagree?

Given the increasing rates of deaths caused by traffic accidents, many people believe that only by implementing stricter traffic laws can the safety
of our roads be improved. However, I will challenge this school of thought in this essay.

Granted, stricter punishments for traffic violations may improve road safety to a certain extent. For example, those found running the red lights,
driving recklessly or speeding would have to pay hefty fines, and those found driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs would have their
driving license suspended or even be sentenced to jail. These punitive (mang tính phạt) measures may deter road-users from committing traffic
offences, leading to fewer accidents.

or

However, this only works if people are made aware of these changes. This requires a more fundamental approach, which is to make people
apprised/cognizant of traffic laws in the first place. This can be done by making driving tests harder: both written and driving tests must be more
difficult so that only those knowing how to drive safely are allowed on the roads. People should also be required to retake driving tests once
every two years to reinforce their understanding of traffic laws and learn about the new regulations in effect (in place: đang thực hiện). These
steps would even render imposing harsher punishments unnecessary, given how severe (hà khắc) most punishments for traffic offences already
are

Furthermore, to say that more stringent punishments are key to enhancing road safety is to ignore environmental factors causing traffic accidents.
Evidence indicates that an overwhelming number of tragic deaths are caused by subpar roads, blind spots or insufficient numbers of road signs.
Therefore, road safety can certainly be improved by repairing potholes or widening narrow roads, removing objects or overgrown plants that
hinder driver’s sight, and setting up more road signs.

In conclusion, enforcing stricter punishments for driving offences may work to a certain degree but is by no means the only way to improve the
safety of road-users. Other viable/feasible measures include forcing people to undergo more training and demonstrate sufficient understanding of
accepted behaviors on the roads before they are allowed to drive and improving road conditions
THE BEST/MOST: chứng minh đó là cách tốt nhất bằng cách tìm ra NHỮNG CÁCH KHÁC KHÔNG HIỆU QUẢ BẰNG, ngược lại nếu không
phải là cách tốt nhất thì phải tìm ra cách tốt ngang ngửa, hoặc tốt hơn

The best way to solve world’s environmental problem is to increase the cost of fuel. Do you agree or disagree?

Some people believe that increasing the cost of gasoline is the best way to address environment problems. In this essay, however, I will challenge
this school of thought

Of course, one might argue that increasing the prices of fuel could help tackle environmental issues. This is predicated on the assumption that
such a measure would force some people, especially money-conscious ones, to give up their private vehicles for public transport. This, according
to this theory, ultimately results in less fuel being consumed and lower levels of toxic gases being released into the air. However, this line of
reason I not sound because the amount of green house gases emitted by personal vehicles is negligible, compared to that of industrial plants or
factories. This very fact renders the effects of increasing the price of petrol on the environment insignificant.

To add further credence (dẫn chứng) to my assertion (khẳng định), I note the root cause (nguyên nhân gốc rễ) of most serious environmental
issues: our energy-hungry lifestyles. For example, the accelerated depletion (cạn kiệt nhanh chóng) of natural resources that are used to produce
electricity and power machines can be attributed to the insatiable thirst (đòi hỏi vô độ) for energy of mankind. By the very same token (similarly),
global warming and pollution, arguably the most two severe environmental problems, are the dreadful (kinh khủng) knock-on effects (ảnh hưởng
kéo theo) stemming from (bắt nguồn từ) humans excessively (vô độ, thừa thãi) consuming energy. Thus, the key to solving the world’s
environmental issues is to find alternative sources of energy. This could be done by exploiting solar, wind and tidal power, all of which are
unlimited and clean sources of energy that are largely underdeveloped.

In conclusion, it is a mistake to assume that increasing the price of fuel is the best way to alleviate problems posed to the environment because
the key to solving these issues is to develop renewable energy.

THE MOST/BEST – YES

Some people who have been in prison become good citizens later, and it is often argued that these are the best people to talk to teenagers
about the dangers of committing a crime. To what extend do you agree or disagree?

It is true that ex-prisoners can become normal, productive members of society. I agree that allowing such people to speak o teenagers about their
experiences is the best way to discourage them from breaking the law.

Note: chứng minh những thứ khác không tốt bằng

Firstly, teenagers are more likely to accept advice from someone who can speak from experience. Reformed offenders can tell young people
about how they became involved in crime, the dangers of a criminal lifestyle, and what life in prison is really like. The vivid and perhaps
shocking nature of these stories is likely to have a powerful impact on young people. Granted, one might argue that adolescents, who are still
very impressionable, might idolize ex-criminals and try to imitate their crimes. However, after hearing about how much suffering they and their
loved-ones experienced when they were serving a prison term, as we see, for example, in cases where convicts are not allowed to visit their dying
family members, i doubt that anyone would choose to go down the criminal path.

Secondly, the alternatives to using reformed criminal to educate teenagers about crime would be much less effective. One option would be for
police officers to visit schools and talk to young people. This could be useful in terms of informing teens about what happens to lawbreakers
when they are caught by young people are often reluctant to take advice from figures of authority. A second option would be for school teachers
to speak to their students about crime, but I doubt that students would see teachers as credible sources of information about this topic. Finally,
although educational films might be informative, there would be no opportunity for young people to interact and ask questions.

In conclusion, those who have turned their lives around after serving a prison sentence are the best people to talk to teenagers about why they
should not commit crime
 A IS BETTER THAN B
Each is better than a certain group: chỉ tốt cho một nhóm đối tượng nhất định
A is better than B or vice versa: tốt hơn hoàn toàn (cùng 1 điều kiện so sánh)
Both are good ( cùng điều kiện so sánh)
Not necessarily better (khác điều kiện so sánh)

EACH IS BETTER THAN A CERTAIN GROUP

It is better for people to be unemployed than people to be employed but they do not enjoy the job. Do you agree or disagree?

There is an opinion that people are better off being out of work rather than doing a boring job. Personally, I believe that this idea is only relevant
to individuals with financial means, who can afford to stay at home until they find a satisfying job. For the vast majority of people, it is more
rewarding to do any job, even one that they do not enjoy.

Granted, many people said that they felt liberated after they had decided to quit their boring. job. They found that they had more time for family
and personal interests, and so their mental health improved significantly; they also had the time to learn the skills and knowledge needed for the
job that they always wanted. However, this option is only available to/for people who either are well-off or have accrued a large enough
amount of wealth to sustain their lives during the unemployment period. Most of us, on the other hand, have little option but to work
whatever job available to provide for ourselves and our families, regardless of how dissatisfying it might be.

Besides being free of monetary worries, no matter how boring the job is, working confers many non-financial benefits. Chief of these is
that this decision helps workers cultivate the ability to endure negative feelings, which is a desirable trait as we should not base our decisions on
our emotions alone. Furthermore, each and every job requires the job-holder to perform certain tasks and work with his/her colleagues, and this
enables people to learn the associated skills and expand their social network. These skill sets and contacts might come in useful in the future
when they apply for a more fulfilling job.

In conclusion, the decision to stay unemployed rather than to work the job they dislike should depends on people’s financial situation. It is a good
option for those who can subsist their lives and make good use of their unemployment time. However, most people benefit more if they work,
even though they cannot derive much satisfaction from their job.

A IS BETTER THAN B

Some people believe that reading stories from a book is better than watching TV or playing computer games for children. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?

There is an opinion that children benefit more if they read books rather than playing video games or watching TV programs. Personally, I agree
with this view for several reasons.

Firstly, reading stories undoubtedly helps children enrich their language ability, which has been proven to help them absorb knowledge
better. Of course, one might argue that when young people watch TV shows or movies, they can also learn new words, expressions and grammar
structures, however, spoken language is not as diverse as written language. As for gamers, those playing computer games may be asked to read a
text to know what they need to do to win or what their next mission is. Nevertheless, the text only revolves around the context of the game,
which does not expose young gamers to as many aspects of life as stories do.

In addition, reading fairy tales or fictional or even real-life stories allows children to have better imagination. This is because when
reading, they have to conjure up images of a wonderous world, or a homeless person's suffering or joyous moments on their own. This can boost
their creativity in ways that watching TV or playing digital games cannot. To be specific, when watching a certain TV program, which is the
product of someone else's imagination, children only observe what is happening on the screen, which does not require them to think at all.
Similarly, in order to win, gamers do need to use different tactics and strategies, but these tend to be the fruit of their experience rather than
creativity.

In conclusion, reading stories is superior because it enables children to have better language skills and promotes creative thinking skills. These
benefits are not as pronounced or even not found in playing video games or watching TV

NOT NECESSARILY BETTER

Some people believe that reading stories from a book is better than watching TV or playing computer games for children. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?

There is an opinion that children benefit more if they read books rather than playing video games or watching TV programs. Personally, I
disagree with this view, for these activities allow children to gain different skills to broaden their understanding in every aspects of life.

There are good reasons to say that reading stories is more beneficial to children than playing computer games or watching TV. The key
reason is that reading undoubtedly helps children enrich their vocabulary, which, in turn, enhances their ability to absorb knowledge. As a
result, they are likely to have a strong academic performance in the future. In addition, reading books allows children to have better
imagination since they have to conjure up images on their own when they read, say, a story. This can boost their creativity, which is a buffer
against unemployment in today's workplace, where automation is terminating countless jobs in various industries.

There are stronger reasons to argue that reading stories is not necessarily better than gaming or watching TV. The most important reason is
that when children play computer games, they need to constantly think of strategies to win. This has a positive impact on them. Furthermore,
since most programs on TV confer certain educational values, children can learn that which is not familiar in children’s stories. For example,
by watching a documentary called 'the Planet Earth', viewers can have intimate knowledge about how wild animals live and hunt and how we are
polluting the environment. These things are rarely included in any stories found in children's books.

In conclusion, I disagree with the idea that reading books is better for children than playing computer games or watching TV. This is because of
these pastimes teaches children different skills and areas of knowledge.

BOTH ARE GOOD

Some people think that schools should reward students with the best academic results, while others believe it is more important to reward
students who show improvements. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Schools have always tried to incentivize their students to study harder. Although this can be achieved by rewarding students who excel in their
studies, I believe that those who make progress should also be rewarded.

Admittedly, there are justifiable reasons to believe that elite students should be rewarded exclusively. Chief of these is that since they have
diligently applied themselves to their studies, they deserve the praises and privileges. This may encourage these students and others to study
harder to win the rewards, propelling overall academic gains. Added to this is the fact that this kind of competition is seen in almost every aspect
of life where only the best individuals are rewarded. If students are used to this reality and thrive in the face of fierce competition, this will enable
them to achieve success in later life.

However, there are more compelling reasons to say that schools should also reward students who show improvements. The key reason is
that only a few smart students can come first and receive the rewards. This unequivocally causes others to think that their effort is to no avail
because they cannot surpass those outstanding invididuals. As a result, they are prone to feeling overwhelmed and disheartened and gradually
lose the incentive to study. Furthermore, emphasizing improvement not only encourages all students to be diligent in their studies, but also helps
students understand that they need to constantly improve themselves, irrespective of how well they have been or are performing. The constant
desire to outdo themselves surely benefits them more than the competitive determination to win against all others.

In conclusion, even though it is arguably just to reward top students exclusively, schools should do this in tandem with rewarding those who
show signs of improvement. This way, every student, those with best performance included, is motivated to exert themselves harder.

A AND B: mention và giải quyết hết tất cả keyword xuất hiện trong đề bài

Some say that news has no connection with most people's lives, and it is a waste of time for most of us to read newspapers and watch television
news programs. Do you agree or disagree?

There is an opinion that news is detached to an average person's life, people simply waste time on reading and watching news. In this essay,
however, I will challenge this school of thought.

Most news is related to people's lives on a certain level. Consider the US 2020 presidential election, which seemingly has no connection with a
Vietnamese person. However, who is going to be president-elect is a hotly debated topic among the Vietnamese population due to the potential
laws enacted in the future. The economic war between China and the US during the Trump administration has weakened the Chinese economy
and the Chinese government has stopped most aggressive military actions in the Southeast sea, a large area of which is rightfully in Vietnamese
water. If the incumbent president gets reelected, Vietnamese people can hope that the Chinese government's aggression will be curbed, and this
affects Vietnamese people's lives. Therefore, it is unreasonable to say that news is fundamentally disconnected with people's lives.

It is also wrong to say that people essentially waste time reading newspapers or watching news channels. This is because these activities
help people avoid potential problems and allow them to gain insights in many aspects of life. As for the former, if one watches news about a
tragic car accident caused by drunk driving, he or she is likely to avoid such a driving behavior and dissuade their drunk friends from driving
themselves home. In addition, many pieces of news can provide people with a wide range of knowledge, most of which can come in useful in the
future. For example, after reading about the contagiousness of the COVID-19, my mother set up a factory manufacturing face masks and made a
fortune.

In conclusion, it is a mistake to say that news is unhelpful and that it is a waste of time to read news. This is because any event can directly or
indirectly affect a person and knowing about it can help people avert the associated problems or gain certain opportunities.
 Advantages outweigh disadvantages: phải tìm ra được lợi và hại trước rồi mới so sánh
More benefits + address the problems: giải quyết vấn đề triệt để + ngắn gọn từ đó làm nổi bật benefit thay vì chỉ lập luận “có vấn đề như vậy”
More drawbacks + address the benefits: tìm ra cái lợi nhưng sẽ không giải quyết triệt để vấn đề => hại vẫn hơn lợi
More drawbacks without addressing the benefits: dành cho trường hợp ko giải quyết được vấn đề thì ko cần nêu benefits
Good for A but not for B: trong trường hợp ko có cơ sở so sánh thì ko chốt cái nào hơn cái nào

More benefits + address the problems

There are more workers working from home and more students studying from home. This is because computer technology is more and more
easily accessible and cheaper. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

The increasing affordability of modern technologies such as computers and smartphones has facilitated teleworking and virtual learning. As such,
there has been a progressive increase in the number of remote workers and learners in many parts of the world. While the shift towards working
and studying from home may cause some problems, the overall impact has been tremendously positive.

Admittedly, the drawbacks of remote working and learning are evident. As for the former, teleworkers are more susceptible to psychological
problems such as boredom and depression due to the lack of face-to-face interaction with their colleagues. In addition, adults who opt for
working from home for childcare reasons tend to find it hard to concentrate on their work, hence lower productivity. Similar challenges are found
in internet-based learning. Online lessons lack the element of competition that traditional classes offer, and there is inevitably less direct
interaction between students and teachers. These factors may negatively affect students' motivation to study, leading to lower academic results.

Despite the negatives mentioned above, the benefits of the trend towards learning and working remotely are more significant. On an
individual level, while distant learners can study whenever and wherever is convenient, teleworkers can still take care of their children or elderly
members and earn money at the same time. They also have complete freedom to design their learning and working environment to best suit their
personal preferences and needs, enhancing their productivity and creativity. On a business level, institutions and companies allowing distant
learning and remote working can reduce operation costs in the form of fewer classrooms and offices, and lower electricity bills.

In conclusion, I believe that the advantages of the decision to study or work from home outstrip the disadvantages. This is provided that virtual
learners and teleworkers eliminate possible distractions at home and socialize with their neighbors and friends so that their productivity and
mental health are not affected.

More drawbacks + address the benefits

In some countries, some criminal trials in law courts are shown on television so that the general public can watch. Do the advantages outweigh
the disadvantages?

It is true that people in some countries can watch some criminal trials live on TV. While I acknowledge the benefits of this decision, they are
outweighed by its problems.

The advantages of televising trials on a casual basis are indeed in plain sight. Firstly, court shows, theoretically, were started with a view to
informing adults, and children alike, of how the judicial system works. Obviously, the more knowledgeable one is about the criminal justice
system, the less likely he or she is to commit an unlawful act. Reports have suggested that court shows are cost-effective ways the authorities use
to enforce the law and deal with the escalating crime rate, as the information provided in the show can deter would-be offenders. Secondly, since
most citizens have doubts about the effectiveness of their countries' justice system, televised trials are perhaps a way to allow more transparency
into the judicial branch of the government.

Despite the positives mentioned above, the negative ramifications of allowing cameras in the courtroom are far more significant. Flashing
lights and camera lens may put the judge, who must always be of sound mind, off his stride and hence affect his judgements. In other words, the
final verdict given by the judge, which decides whether the defendant is guilty or not, may be affected due to the presence of cameras. Moreover,
after all the editing, court shows have become entertainment shows, failing to deter criminals or they might become a tool for the authorities to
manipulate the viewers, precluding transparency rather than promoting it.

In conclusion, streaming criminal trials on TV might be beneficial, for example in the form of informing the public and making judicial
procedures more transparent. However, court shows might serve as nothing short of entertainment or even a means of manipulation, and so these
potential problems negate the aforementioned benefits.

More drawbacks without addressing the benefits

Some people regard video games as harmless fun, or even as a useful educational tool. Others, however, believe that videos games are having an
adverse effect on the people who play them. In your opinion, do the drawbacks of video games outweigh the benefits?

While some people believe that video games can be both fun and educational, others think otherwise, saying that these games are likely to have a
harmful impact on users. Personally, I am of the latter school of thought for several reasons.
Granted, there is some truth in the view that video games can be both entertaining and educational. Users, or gamers, are transported into
virtual worlds in which they are allowed to do things that are unthinkable in real life, for example in the form of shooting, killing or car-racing.
These bring them not only a sense of novelty, but also the adrenaline rush that only a few real-life pastimes can. From an educational perspective,
these games encourage imagination and creativity, as well as concentration, logical thinking and problem solving, all of which are useful skills
outside the gaming context.

However, I would argue that these benefits are outweighed by the drawbacks. Gaming can be highly addictive because users are constantly
given scores, new targets and frequent rewards to make them feel like they are achieving something. For example, many children now spend
hours each day trying to progress through the levels of a game in the blind pursuit of achievement or to get a higher score than their friends out of
the sense of competition. This type of addiction can have negative effects on users, ranging from lack of sleep to problems at school or at work
and obesity.

In conclusion, although it is true that those who play video games can derive a certain level of excitement and can also learn something, these
benefits pale in comparison with potential dangers of video games.

Good for A but not B

Many things which were done in the home by hand in the past are now done by machines. Does this development bring more advantages or
disadvantages?

Chores which used to be done manually are now completed by dishwashers, food processors and electric sewing machines. While this trend
benefits individuals and society alike in the short term, it has negative long-term repercussions for the planet as a whole.

On the one hand, the process of mechanization in the home undoubtedly saves time and energy. Overworked and exhausted adults no longer
have to worry about tedious tasks, such as doing the laundry or doing the dishes. This means they can enjoy themselves and spend quality time
with loved ones. Women in particular reap the rewards as, in former times, they tended to be responsible for most of the laborious housework.
They now have the opportunity either to work and become economically independent or to socialize, instead of scrubbing floors or chopping
vegetables.

On the other hand, the popularity of these products has unwanted environmental consequences. Machines including vacuum cleaners and
washing machines are made using nonrenewable and relatively scarce resources. When used, they are powered by large quantities of electricity,
which is often obtained by burning fossil fuels. This obviously causes an increase in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere. Furthermore, as these items are deliberately designed only to last for a limited period, they soon have to be replaced and are thrown
into landfill sites, which puts additional pressure on the ecosystem.

In conclusion, although we should not ignore the positive social and economic impact of the increasing use of modem appliances in the home,
this trend is contributing to the depletion of natural resources and pollution

POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE
Positive/negative: chọn 1 trong 2, ko cần nói cái còn lại
Seem negative but actually positive: xài counter argument, cái nào hơn thì để ở body 2
Negative without addressing benefits

Positive/negative

It is now possible for scientists and tourists to travel to remote areas with natural environments, such as the South Pole. Is this a positive or
negative development?

Given the availability of modern means of transport such as planes and cruise ships, and refrigeration technologies, traveling to remote parts of
the world is no longer an impossible task. I believe that this possibility benefits both tourists and scientists.

Exploring far-flung natural places can be beneficial to travelers. No matter how many tourist attractions are there in the world, globetrotters
all around the world still crave novelty, for example in the form of new activities or untouched destinations. By traveling to an island that is
unknown to the vast majority of people, for instance, travelers may have a chance to participate in exotic religious practices of indigenous people,
feast their eyes on rarely seen plants and animals and try new food and experience a whole new way of life. Although it is true that they can see
these things on TV channels dedicated to travel, the experience is far inferior to experiencing such activities in person.

Scientists can also benefit from visiting untouched parts of the world. Regardless of how much we already know about the world, there is
still much that is unknown in the world of science and visiting such places could give scientists answers to many existing and future problems.
We can see this in the way novel viruses break out every once in a while, and how global warming is affecting lives and habitats of elusive
animals living in heavily wooded areas and deep under the sea. If we understand more about such phenomena, we will be much more prepared
for potential outbreaks that could kill millions in the future and help restore damaged habitats.

In conclusion, visiting remote areas of the world can impart otherwise unachievable experience and lessons in tourists and people in the scientific
world.
Seem negative but actually positive

Some universities now offer their courses on the Internet so that people can study online. • Is this a positive or negative development?

Technology has permeated many aspects of education, as seen in the way online courses are becoming a common feature of university
education. Although there are inherent problems associated with Internet-based learning, it is a fundamentally positive development.

Admittedly, the drawbacks of the trend towards offering and attending online university courses are indeed evident. Chief of these is that
there is invariably less direct interaction between students and their professors. This, given the complexity of knowledge in university courses,
could have an adverse impact on students' understanding of the concepts learned and their performance at school. Added to this is the fact that
these learners may also lack the motivation and element of competition that conventional lectures bring. This can be seen in the way many
students zealously raise their hand in the class to showcase the depth of their intellect.

Despite the negatives mentioned above, I believe that online university courses are a welcome development for various reasons. The key
benefit is that they allow learners to study in a flexible way, meaning that they can work whenever and wherever is convenient, and they can
cover the material at their own pace. Working adults, for example, now can pursue their education from the comfort of their own home by taking
online classes, which would have been impossible in the days before internet-based education. Furthermore, by eliminating the costs of travel,
accommodation and the use of university facilities, online courses are made much more affordable. This renders university education accessible
to a larger section of human population.

In conclusion, I believe online learning to be a positive development overall because it offers online learners flexibility and accessibility. This is
provided that these students proactively seek help from their professors when they encounter difficulties and have group work or group
discussions to maintain high levels of competition and motivation.

Negative without addressing benefits

For more and more people, wearing fashionable clothes has become very important. Is this attitude to wearing fashionable clothes a positive or a
negative development?

People from all walks of life are becoming dedicated followers of fashion, constantly trying to keep up-to-date with the latest fashion trend.
There are both benefits and drawbacks of this; however, I personally feel that it borders on being more harmful than beneficial.

Increased interest in fashion has resulted in fashionable clothing being more affordable for the masses. Previously, owning such items
meant buying overpriced designer clothes and, therefore, it was only accessible to the wealthy and the privileged. In the last few decades,
however, high street chains have been producing trendy clothes at affordable prices to meet the greater demand of the general public. As a result,
fashion is no longer a reserve for the rich, but is now accessible to all, which is a positive step forward in this regard

On the other hand, though, this desire to be stylish has greater negative consequences. Firstly, it has made clothes more disposable, as outfits
are produced cheaply, worn on a couple of occasions and subsequently discarded. This causes a large amount of waste and exacerbate the
problem of pollution. In addition to this, there is a great deal of pressure, particularly on the younger generation, to keep up with their peers. For
instance, if a student is wearing the latest Nike trainers, and consequently, everyone in the class feels pressurized into having the same or equally
trendy footwear.

In conclusion, this obsession with wearing the latest fashion trends has made clothes throwaway and not reusable. Moreover, this incessant need
to have the latest must-have items puts far too much pressure on the environment and adolescents, so it cannot be regarded as progress.

PROBLEM – SOLUTION: vấn đề là gì – giải quyết thế nào (đọc kĩ tránh lạc đề)

The internet has transformed the way information is shared and consumed, but it has also created problems that did not exist before What are the
most serious problems associated with the internet and what are the possible solutions?

The way in which information is circulated has been completely transformed by the internet but this has also created issues whenever had before.
However, several solutions that we can adopt to remedy the situation will be outlined in this essay.

The proliferation of the internet brings in its wake problems in the form of cyberbullying and manipulation. With regard to the former,
social media can be used to spread lies and rumors to thousands of people in an instant, and the invasive nature of this type of bullying means
that there is simply no way for the victim to escape it. In addition, there is hardly any regulation on what type of information can be put on the
internet, which means that malicious people can use it to their advantage. This can be seen in the way the Trump administration won the US
presidential election, in large part, by running ads on social media like Facebook.

To address these problems, they should be, first and foremost, brought to the afore. This can be done by mounting awareness campaigns
about the problems reassociated with using the internet, especially cyberbullying. Celebrities who are it rusted by the public can also help spread
the message on their platform, for example by talking about what psychological distress a bullied person may have to endure. The problem of
manipulation seems difficult to tackle because introducing legislation to check the content of, say, social media posts and adverts is in itself a
form of manipulation as deciding what is illegal is almost entirely subjective and tantamount to taking away the freedom of speech.
In conclusion, the fact that we now consume and share information almost exclusively on the internet has led to an increase in the number of
incidents of cyberbullying and manipulation, and a viable measure would lie in awereness-rasing campaigns. However, it is decidedly difficult to
address these conundrums holistically

CAUSES – SOLUTION: nguyên nhân là gì– giải quyết thế nào (đọc kĩ tránh lạc đề)

In many countries, schools have severe problems with student behavior. What do you think are the causes of this? What solutions can you
suggest?

Although intractable schoolchildren can be found in most educational settings, the behavior of school pupils in many parts of the world has been
worsened in recent years. This state of affairs can be attributed to several factors and this essay will suggest several viable solutions to remedy
the situation.

There are two main contributors to the way young people behave at school nowadays. Chief of these is that with modern parents becoming
increasingly too busy or permissive, children often find it difficult to accept the demands of teachers or the limits imposed on them by school
rules. For example, children who are used to negligence or indulgence are likely to show disruptive behavior in class. Added to this is the fact
that children are all too often influenced by the behavior of celebrities. This can be seen in the way many teenagers think that success can be
achieved without finishing school or try to act, talk or wear the way their idols do.

The problem of students misbehaving at school can be addressed in a number of ways. An immediate remedy is for parents to use
reasonable punishments to demonstrate that actions have consequences when their children break the rules. These disciplinary techniques could
range from depriving them of things that they treasure, such as their favorite toys or TV shows, to stopping them from seeing their friends. In
addition, famous people, such as musicians and football players, need to understand the responsibility that they have to act as good role models to
children. This could be done by their managers, who need to make it abundantly clear to celebrities about how much influence they have on their
fans.

In conclusion, the causes of schools increasingly facing discipline problems are parents’ leniency and famous people’s behavior, and the solutions
lie in changing parents’ ways of disciplining their children and the participation of high-profile public figures.

CAUSES – EFFECT: nguyên nhân là gì - ảnh hưởng như thế nào (đọc kĩ tránh lạc đề)

It is observed that in many countries not enough students are choosing to study science subjects. What are the causes? What are the effects on
society?

It is true that there is a lack of students majoring in science-related fields. This could be attributed to a number of factors and it could affect
humans’ quality of life and the economy of a country.

There are two main contributors to the shift away from science subjects among students. In developed countries, science has already been
prioritized over decades, which has produced an abundance of people working in the science field. This surplus renders this domain fiercely
competitive, discouraging youngsters from choosing to study it. On the other hand, in underdeveloped and developing nations, it is wiser for
governments to invest in the tourism industry, which yields immediate results. The proliferation of lucrative jobs created to cater for increasing
demands for tourist activities has attracted a large proportion of young people in these countries, which explains the dearth of students in

The lack of students studying science subjects may not pose any imminent drawback, but in the long run, it could have a stultifying
effect on the economy of a nation and human health. Research has shown that productivity can only be improved if innovations are made or
new technologies are invented. Advances in science are at the core of inventions and innovations, so the dearth of science majors would perhaps
hinder the economic progress of a society. Furthermore, humans are still suffering from countless health problems that are presently incurable
and we can only hope that scientific breakthroughs can be made to solve them. The move away from science education would prolong the
suffering of ill people and increase the number of deaths resulting from those health issues.

In conclusion, the tendency among young people to choose other areas of knowledge rather than science can be ascribed to the high level of
competition within the field in developed countries and more attractive job opportunities in developing countries. This development is deeply
troubling as it would fail to enhance people's well-being and stultify economic growth in the long run.

2-PART QUESTION: DẠNG TỔNG HỢP CỦA TẤT CẢ CÁC DẠNG TRÊN

Most people think about creating an ideal society, but most of the time failing making this happen. What is your opinion about an ideal society?
How can we create an ideal society?

Many great philosophers have contemplated what an ideal society should comprise and how we can achieve it, but our contemporary society is
far from ideal since countless problems still permeate our every aspect of life. An ideal society manifests itself in several fundamental ways
including but not restricted to people’s freedom, and well-being. Thus, it is extremely difficult, may, impossible to create one due to the
conflicting and personal nature of each of the aforementioned elements.
A milieu in which everyone could have the autonomy to do what they wish, achieve high levels of happiness and is well catered for should be
considered ideal. With regard to freedom, it is unanimously agreed that being stripped off of the freedom of choice, speech, or expression, one
can hardly find an environment worth living. As for people’s well-being, this abstract concept is difficult to define due to its personal nature.
While one may achieve a high level of satisfaction without many material possessions, others may feel so depressed or helpless that he commits
suicide, even though he may have an unimaginable amount of wealth.

It would be nigh on impossible to create a utopian society where everyone is happy and well and free to do what they like. For example,
imposing a ban on smoking would indeed force smokers to quit, but at the same time, it would also violate their freedom of choice. Perhaps, in
order to avoid conflicts, a step that would go a long way to forming an ideal society would be to educate people to believe in certain sets of
beliefs, and values. Nevertheless, the corollary of such unideological indoctrination would be the loss of critical thinking, which would in turn
have stultifying effects on the progress of any society. In conclusion, an ideal society is undoubtedly desirable and consists of many different
elements, but it is unrealistic to create one.

- Kết luận đã tóm tắt được ideas trong bài văn và làm rõ position của bài viết chưa?

- Có lỗi spelling hoặc dấu câu, lỗi ngữ pháp không?

- Có từ nào không chắc nghĩa và có thể thay thế bằng từ khác hay không?

- Có ideas nào lạc đề và chưa được giải thích rõ ràng hay không?

- Có chỗ nào cần thêm từ nối hay không? Có chỗ nào bỏ từ nối đi mà vẫn mạch lạc dễ đọc hay không?