HANDOUT – LESSON 4

A. Warm-up
B. Grammar
Exercise 1: Translate these sentences into English
1. Nếu trượt kì thi viết lần nữa, họ sẽ phải nộp thêm lệ phí. (type 1)
2. Nếu bố tôi ở đây, ông ấy sẽ đi câu cá với tôi (type 2)
3. Giá mà họ đợi thêm 10 phút nữa thì họ đã được gặp Blackpink rồi.
Exercise 3: Translate these sentences into English
1. Tôi không thích nơi này. Ước gì tôi có thể sống ở nơi tốt hơn.
2. Mary ước rằng giá mà cô đã nghe lời mẹ cô.
3. Anh ước có thể gặp em vào ngày mai.
C. Pronunciation
TOPIC: GOVERNMENT SPENDING
ST Từ/Cụm từ Phát âm Nghĩa
T
1 government money = public money = ɡʌvərnmənt/ ngân sách nhà nước
national budgets = state budgets /steɪt/
= government funding /ˈbʌdʒɪts/
2 spend money on s.th = invest money in /ɪnˈvest/ chi tiền vào việc gì
s.th = allocate money to s.th /ˈæləkeɪt/
3 investment (n) /ɪnˈvestmənt/ sự đầu tư
4 important sectors = essential sectors /ˈsektərz/ những lĩnh vực quan
/ɪˈsenʃl/ trọng
5 medical services = health care /ˈmedɪkl/ lĩnh vực y tế/chăm sóc
= medical care sức khỏe

6 schooling = education /pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ giáo dục

/ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ/
7 a waste of the budget = a waste of /weɪst/ phí tiền
public money = money-wasting
8 provide financial support for = offer /faɪˈnænʃl/ hỗ trợ tài chính cho…
financial assistance to = give money to /əˈsɪstəns/
9 financial resources /ˈriːsɔːrsiz/ các nguồn lực tài chính

10 government incentives /ɪnˈsentɪvz/ trợ cấp của chính phủ

 11 provide public services /ˈsɜːrvɪsiz/ cung cấp các dịch vụ
công cộng
12 create new jobs /kriˈeɪt/ tạo ra việc làm mới

13 support people who are living in /səˈpɔːrt/ hỗ trợ người nghèo

poverty /ˈpɑːvərti/
14 help from the state sự giúp đỡ từ chính phủ
= government help
15 rely on alternative sources of financial /rɪˈlaɪ/ dựa vào các nguồn hỗ
support /ɔːlˈtɜːrnətɪv/ trợ tài chính khác

16 to be responsible for /rɪˈspɑːnsəbl/ chịu trách nhiệm về vấn

đề gì
17 social security /sɪˈkjʊrəti/ an ninh xã hội
18 infrastructure investment / sự đầu tư vào cơ sở hạ
ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə tầng
r/
19 government support for… sự hỗ trợ của chính phủ
= government funding for… cho…
20 government spending chi tiêu của chính phủ

TOPIC: CRIME
STT Từ/Cụm từ Phát âm Nghĩa
1 transportation /ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃn/ sự vận chuyển

2 people who travel by car những người đi lại bằng

= people travelling by car = car users xe hơi

3 people who travel by train /ˈpæsɪndʒərz/ những người đi lại bằng

= people travelling by train xe lửa
= train passengers
4 drive to work = travel/go/commute to /kəˈmjuːt/ đi làm bằng xe hơi
work by car

5 use public transport instead of /ˈpraɪvət/ sử dụng phương tiện

private vehicles /ˈviːəklz/ giao thông công cộng
thay vì xe riêng
6 commuting costs /kɔːsts/ chi phí đi lại

7 commute/travel long distances to… /ˈdɪstənsiz/ đi quãng đường dài

tới…
8 daily travel = daily commute /ˈdeɪli/ việc đi lại hàng ngày

9 run a red light vượt đèn đỏ

10 pedestrian (n) /pəˈdestriən/ người đi bộ

11 cycle lanes = bike lanes /ˈsaɪkl/ những tuyến đường

dành cho người đi xe
đạp
12 improve road traffic safety /ˈtræfɪk/ cải thiện an toàn giao
thông đường bộ

13 reduce traffic accidents /ˈæksɪdənts/ giảm thiểu tai nạn giao

thông
14 driving offence /əˈfens/ sự vi phạm luật giao
thông

15 install speed cameras /ɪnˈstɔːl/ lắp đặt các camera theo

dõi tốc độ
16 speeding (n) việc lái xe quá tốc độ

17 impose stricter punishments on sb /strɪkt/ áp đặt các hình phạt

/ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/ nghiêm khắc hơn lên ai
đó

18 traffic jams = traffic congestion /ˈtræfɪk dʒæmz/ sự ùn tắc giao thông

/kənˈdʒestʃən/
19 bad driving habits /ˈhæbɪt/ những thói quen xấu khi
lái xe
20 ban cars from city centres /bæn/ cấm xe hơi khỏi các
trung tâm thành phố

21 parking space /ˈpɑːrkɪŋ/ khu vực đậu xe

/speɪs/
22 pose a serious threat to… /ˈsɪriəs/ gây ra sự đe dọa nghiêm
 /θret/ trọng cho…

23 dangerous drivers /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/ những người lái xe nguy

hiểm
24 to be encouraged to… /ɪnˈkɜːrɪdʒ/ được khuyến khích làm
gì

D. Writing
Sample:
Developments in technology have brought various environmental problems. Some
believe that people need to live simpler lives to solve environmental problems. Others,
however, believe technology is the way to solve these problems. Discuss both views
and give your own opinion.

The improvements in technology currently bring about harmful effects on the environment.
While some people believe having simpler lives is the only solution, I would argue that
technological advances can help to tackle these environmental problems.
On the one hand, it is believed that individuals need to live simple lives and rely less
on technology. The first suggestion is that people should walk or cycle rather than drive
cars. This is because the current number of cars being manufactured and used is increasing,
which causes high levels of exhausted fumes and makes air pollution become serious.
Additionally, people should try to reduce their consumption of electricity so that the
exploitation of natural resources such as fossil fuels or nuclear power can be minimized. An
example of this idea is the annual event called Earth Hour where everyone is asked to turn
their lights off for sixty minutes.
On the other hand, I believe the developments of technology can greatly contribute
to environmental protection. Firstly, because of those improvements, people are able to
come up with ways to recycle materials such as paper or glass, which reduces the problem
of waste disposal. Secondly, technology can also help to create electricity using renewable
resources. For example, many countries in the world have built plants that utilize solar
energy to generate power. As a result, it is not necessary to rely on nonrenewable resources,
and people can create electricity without significantly damaging the environment.
In conclusion, while some people think that they should live simpler lives to prevent
environmental issues, I would argue that these problems can be dealt with by technological
improvements.

PRACTISE: Đọc đoạn văn và trả lời những yêu cầu sau:
 Some people think that all teenagers should be required to do unpaid work in
their free time to help the local community. They believe this would benefit both the
individual teenager and society as a whole. Do you agree or disagree?

Most young people are already under enough pressure with their studies, without being
given the added responsibility of working in their spare time. School is just as demanding
as a full-time job, and teachers expect their students to do homework and exam revision on
top of attending lessons every day. When young people do have some free time, we should
encourage them to enjoy it with their friends or to spend it doing sports and other leisure
activities. They have many years of work ahead of them when they finish their studies.

At the same time, I do not believe that society has anything to gain from obliging young
people to do unpaid work. In fact, I would argue that it goes against the values of a free
and fair society to force a group of people to do something against their will. Doing this
can only lead to resentment amongst young people, who would feel that they were being
used, and parents, who would not want to be told how to raise their children. Currently,
nobody is forced to volunteer, and this is surely the best system.

Yêu cầu:
1. Gạch chân supporting sentences.
2. Xác định loại supporting sentences (như đã học)
3. Suy nghĩ thêm 1 cách support cho 2 topic sentence của 2 đoạn body
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HOMEWORK
Task 1:
a. Translate these sentences into Vietnamese
1. If I had enough time, I would attend the party
2. He wishes he got a promotion at work.
3. This book is interesting, but that one is more boring.
4. The movie I watched last night was better than the one I watched last week.
5. He is the most skilled player on the team.
b. Translate these sentences into English
 1. Đây là cuốn sách hay nhất mà tôi đã từng đọc.
2. Cô ấy ước cô ấy có thể nói tiếng Anh trôi chảy.
3. Nếu học chăm chỉ hơn, cô ấy sẽ đạt kết quả cao trong kì thi tới (type 1)
4. Thời tiết hôm nay xấu hơn hôm qua.
5. Giá mà họ mang ô thì họ đã không bị ướt rồi (type 3)
Task 2: Translate these sentences into Vietnamese

Nowadays, more and more people decide to have children later in their life. What are
the reasons? What are the effects on society and family life?

To begin with, there are several reasons why a number of individuals want to have
children later in their life. Firstly, this choice allows them to have more time to enjoy life
when they are young. For instance, it is easier for a young couple to travel when they do
not have a baby to nurture. Secondly, people who are at the early stage of their career
usually have lower income compared to when they are older. Therefore, many people
decide to start raising a family after having accumulated enough money to ensure a better
life for their children.

However, this tendency might bring about some negative effects on both family life
and society. The first impact is that having children later will cause a significant age gap
between two generations. This makes it harder for parents to understand and communicate
with their offspring. Additionally, if people give birth when they are too old, the babies
being born might be less physically healthy. This might adversely affect the quality of the
future workforce if too many people decide to follow this trend.