Arduino

NAME : ___________________________

CLASS : ____________________________

Content by:

www.aimsity.com Aimsity
 Table of Content

ARDUINO BOARD........................................................................................................................3

PARTS IN YOUR KIT.................................................................................................................... 4

PROJECT : SMART PARKING SYSTEM.....................................................................................6

Arduino Components.................................................................................................................. 7

Project outcome...........................................................................................................................8

Step 1 : Connect the LCD 12C.................................................................................................... 9

Step 2 : Connect the servo motor............................................................................................ 10

Step 3 : Connect the entry IR Sensor.......................................................................................11

Step 4 : Connect the exit IR Sensor......................................................................................... 12

Step 5 : Connect the IR Sensor for parking slot 1.................................................................. 13

Step 6 : Connect the IR Sensor for parking slot 2.................................................................. 14

Step 7 : Connect the IR Sensor for parking slot 3.................................................................. 15

Step 8 : Open software and connect arduino to laptop......................................................... 16

Step 9 : Start Coding................................................................................................................. 17

Full Code.................................................................................................................................... 21
ARDUINO BOARD
PARTS IN YOUR KIT
PROJECT : SMART PARKING SYSTEM

Introduction

This project uses Arduino to create an easy-to-use Smart Parking System. It

automates vehicle entry and exit, tracks available parking spots, and shows updates on
a screen.

Features:

1. Automatic Gates: Opens and closes automatically when a vehicle is detected.

2. Parking Spot Tracking: Counts the available spaces and stops entry when the
lot is full.
3. Real-Time Display: Shows available parking spots and gate status on an LCD.

Benefits:

● Makes parking management easier.

● Saves time and reduces manual effort.
● Ideal for small parking lots at homes or offices.

A simple and practical way to learn automation with Arduino

Learning Objectives

By completing this project, you will learn:

● How to use IR sensors to detect vehicles.

● How to control a servo motor to automate gate movements.
● How to use an I2C LCD to display real-time information.
● How to automate tasks like gate control and parking slot updates using
sensors.
● How to write Arduino code for real-world applications.
● How to monitor and manage parking spaces efficiently.

This project teaches the basics of automation and Arduino in a practical, hands-on way.
Arduino Components
Project outcome
Step 1 : Connect the LCD 12C

12C LCD Pin Arduino Mega Pin

VCC 5V

GND GND

SDA Pin 20

SCL Pin 21
Step 2 : Connect the servo motor

Servo Wire Arduino Mega Pin

Signal Pin 3

VCC 5V

GND GND
Step 3 : Connect the entry IR Sensor

IR Sensor Arduino Mega Pin

DAT / OUT Pin 34

VCC 5V

GND GND
Step 4 : Connect the exit IR Sensor

IR Sensor Arduino Mega Pin

DAT / OUT Pin 36

VCC 5V

GND GND
Step 5 : Connect the IR Sensor for parking slot 1

IR Sensor Arduino Mega Pin

DAT / OUT Pin 38

VCC 5V

GND GND
Step 6 : Connect the IR Sensor for parking slot 2

IR Sensor Arduino Mega Pin

DAT / OUT Pin 40

VCC 5V

GND GND
Step 7 : Connect the IR Sensor for parking slot 3

IR Sensor Arduino Mega Pin

DAT / OUT Pin 40

VCC 5V

GND GND
Step 8 : Open software and connect arduino to laptop

1. Open your ‘Arduino IDE’

Step 1: Start the Arduino IDE

● Turn on your laptop and connect your Arduino Mega to

the USB port.
● Locate the Arduino IDE icon on your desktop or in your
applications menu and double-click it to open.

Step 2: Create a New Sketch

● In the Arduino IDE, click on File in the top menu.

● Select New Sketch from the dropdown menu.

Step 3: Select the Board

● Click on Tools in the top menu.

● Navigate to Board, then select Arduino Mega from the list.

Step 4: Select the Port

● Click on Tools in the top menu.

● Navigate to Port, then choose the port labeled as COM ‘#’ (where ‘#’ is
any number that the port assigned to your Arduino).

Step 5: Select the Programmer

● Click on Tools in the top menu.

● Navigate to Programmer, then select AVR ISP from the list.
Step 9 : Start Coding
1. Libraries and Initialization

#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <Servo.h>

● Wire.h: Provides communication between Arduino and I2C devices.

● LiquidCrystal_I2C.h: Manages the LCD display connected via I2C protocol.
● Servo.h: Controls the servo motor for the gate.

2. Initializing Hardware

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

● LCD Initialization: The LCD is set up with the address 0x27, 16 columns, and 2
rows

Servo gateServo;
gateServo.attach(3);
gateServo.write(180);

● Servo Initialization: The servo is connected to pin 3, and its default position is
set to closed (180 degrees).

int ir_entry = 34;

int ir_exit = 36;
int ir_p_1 = 38;
int ir_p_2 = 40;
int ir_p_3 = 42;

● IR Sensor Pins: The IR sensors are assigned to pins to detect vehicles at the
entry and exit gates and parking slots.
3. Variables for Parking Management

int total_slots = 3;
int available_slots = 3;

● Total Slots and Available Slots: Keeps track of the total and available parking
slots.

int slot1 = 0, slot2 = 0, slot3 = 0;

● Slot Status: Tracks whether each parking slot is full (1) or empty (0).

4. Setup Function

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600); // For debugging
pinMode(ir_entry, INPUT);
pinMode(ir_exit, INPUT);
pinMode(ir_p_1, INPUT);
pinMode(ir_p_2, INPUT);
pinMode(ir_p_3, INPUT);

gateServo.attach(3); // Attach servo

gateServo.write(180); // Gate closed position

lcd.init();
lcd.backlight();
lcd.print("Smart Parking");
delay(5000);
lcd.clear();
}

● Initializes the hardware and displays a welcome message on the LCD.

5. Main Loop

Updating Slot Status

void update_parking_status() {
slot1 = digitalRead(ir_p_1) == LOW ? 1 : 0;
slot2 = digitalRead(ir_p_2) == LOW ? 1 : 0;
slot3 = digitalRead(ir_p_3) == LOW ? 1 : 0;

int occupied_slots = slot1 + slot2 + slot3;

available_slots = total_slots - occupied_slots;
}

A. Update Parking Slot Status

● Reads the status of each parking slot sensor. If the sensor detects a car (LOW),
the slot is marked as full.
● Updates available_slots based on the status of all slots.

Entry Gate

if (digitalRead(ir_entry) == LOW) {
if (available_slots > 0) {
openGate();
delay(3000);
closeGate();
available_slots--;
} else {
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Parking Full");
delay(1500);
lcd.clear();
}
}

B. Entry Gate Logic

● If a car is detected at the entry gate (sensor reads LOW), the system checks if
slots are available.
 ● If a slot is available, the gate opens for 3 seconds and then closes. The
available_slots count decreases.

Exit Gate

if (digitalRead(ir_exit) == LOW) {
openGate();
delay(3000);
closeGate();
if (available_slots < total_slots) {
available_slots++;
}
}

C. Exit Gate Logic

● If a car is detected at the exit gate (sensor reads LOW), the gate opens for 3
seconds and then closes.
● The available_slots count increases if less than the total slots.

LCD Display

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Slots Avail:");
lcd.print(available_slots);

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("s1:");
lcd.print(slot1 == 1 ? "F" : "E");
lcd.print(" s2:");
lcd.print(slot2 == 1 ? "F" : "E");
lcd.print(" s3:");
lcd.print(slot3 == 1 ? "F" : "E");

D. Display Status on LCD The LCD shows the available slots and the status of each
parking slot (F for Full, E for Empty).
6. Gate control Functions

void openGate() {
gateServo.write(90);
Serial.println("Gate opened");
}

void closeGate() {
gateServo.write(180);
Serial.println("Gate closed");
}

● openGate(): Opens the gate by moving the servo to 90 degrees.

● closeGate(): Closes the gate by moving the servo to 180 degrees.

How It Works

1. Setup Phase:
○ Initializes all components (LCD, servo, sensors).
○ Displays "Smart Parking" on the LCD for 5 seconds.
2. Monitoring and Control:
○ Continuously checks the IR sensors for car detection at entry, exit, and
parking slots.
○ Updates parking slot status based on sensor inputs.
○ Opens and closes the gate as needed.
3. User Feedback:
○ Displays parking availability and slot status on the LCD.
○ Displays "Parking Full" if no slots are available.

Debugging

Serial.print("Slot 1: ");
Serial.print(slot1);
Serial.print(", Slot 2: ");
Serial.print(slot2);
Serial.print(", Slot 3: ");
Serial.println(slot3);

● Serial Monitor logs all actions and sensor states for debugging.
Full Code

#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <Servo.h>

// Initialize the I2C LCD (adjust the address if necessary, typically

0x27 or 0x3F)
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

// Servo motor for the gate

Servo gateServo;

// IR Sensor pins
int ir_entry = 34; // Entry gate IR sensor
int ir_exit = 36; // Exit gate IR sensor

// Parking slot IR sensor pins

int ir_p_1 = 38; // Parking slot 1 sensor
int ir_p_2 = 40; // Parking slot 2 sensor
int ir_p_3 = 42; // Parking slot 3 sensor

// Variables for parking slots

int total_slots = 3; // Total capacity of the parking lot
int available_slots = 3; // Available slots (initially all are
empty)

int slot1 = 0, slot2 = 0, slot3 = 0; // Status of parking slots: 0 =

Empty, 1 = Full

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize Serial Monitor for debugging

// Set up IR sensors as inputs

pinMode(ir_entry, INPUT);
pinMode(ir_exit, INPUT);
pinMode(ir_p_1, INPUT);
pinMode(ir_p_2, INPUT);
 pinMode(ir_p_3, INPUT);

// Attach the servo motor to its pin

gateServo.attach(3); // Gate servo motor
gateServo.write(180); // Default position: gate closed

// Initialize the I2C LCD

lcd.init();
lcd.backlight();
lcd.print("Smart Parking");
delay(5000); // Display the welcome message for 5 seconds
lcd.clear();
}

void loop() {
update_parking_status(); // Check parking slot status

// Display the parking slot availability and status

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Slots Avail:");
lcd.print(available_slots);

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("s1:");
lcd.print(slot1 == 1 ? "F" : "E"); // F = Full, E = Empty
lcd.print(" s2:");
lcd.print(slot2 == 1 ? "F" : "E");
lcd.print(" s3:");
lcd.print(slot3 == 1 ? "F" : "E");

// Gate logic for entry

if (digitalRead(ir_entry) == LOW) { // Car detected at entry
Serial.println("Car detected at entry gate");
if (available_slots > 0) { // Check if slots are available
openGate(); // Open the gate
delay(3000); // Wait for the car to pass through
closeGate(); // Close the gate
available_slots--; // Decrease available slots
} else {
 // Display "Parking Full" message
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Parking Full");
delay(1500);
lcd.clear();
}
}

// Gate logic for exit

if (digitalRead(ir_exit) == LOW) { // Car detected at exit
Serial.println("Car detected at exit gate");
openGate(); // Open the gate
delay(3000); // Wait for the car to pass through
closeGate(); // Close the gate
if (available_slots < total_slots) {
available_slots++; // Increase available slots
}
}

delay(10); // Small delay for stability

}

void openGate() {
gateServo.write(90); // Open the gate
Serial.println("Gate opened");
}

void closeGate() {
gateServo.write(180); // Close the gate
Serial.println("Gate closed");
}

void update_parking_status() {
// Read parking slot sensors and debug their states
int slot2_state = digitalRead(ir_p_2); // Read Slot 2 sensor
state

slot1 = digitalRead(ir_p_1) == LOW ? 1 : 0; // Slot 1: 1 = Full,

0 = Empty
slot2 = slot2_state == LOW ? 1 : 0; // Slot 2: 1 = Full, 0
= Empty
slot3 = digitalRead(ir_p_3) == LOW ? 1 : 0; // Slot 3: 1 = Full,
0 = Empty

// Debugging: Log all states

Serial.print("Slot 1: ");
Serial.print(slot1);
Serial.print(", Slot 2: ");
Serial.print(slot2);
Serial.print(", Slot 3: ");
Serial.println(slot3);

// Debug Slot 2 Sensor specifically if issues persist

if (slot2_state == HIGH || slot2_state == LOW) {
Serial.print("Slot 2 Sensor State: ");
Serial.println(slot2_state == LOW ? "Detected" : "Not
Detected");
} else {
Serial.println("Slot 2 Sensor Error: Check connections or
sensor.");
}

// Calculate available slots

int occupied_slots = slot1 + slot2 + slot3;
available_slots = total_slots - occupied_slots; // Calculate
available slots
}