HA NOI UNIVERSITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

DIGITAL DESIGN
Design and Implementation of Car
Parking System on VHDL
Instructor Lê Hải Sâm
Student name: Nguyễn Mạnh Cường
Class: CTTT CĐT K61
Student ID: 20160561

Ha Noi, 12th June 2020

Contents
Abstract............................................................................................................................. 3
1. Introduction...............................................................................................................3
2. Finite state machine diagram...................................................................................5
3. Module diagram........................................................................................................6
3.1. Top module..........................................................................................................6
3.2. Parking_counter module....................................................................................7
3.3. Decoder 7447.......................................................................................................8
3.4. Motor driver........................................................................................................8
4. External component..................................................................................................9
4.1. 7 segments led......................................................................................................9
4.2. Servo motor.......................................................................................................10
Reference........................................................................................................................11
Abstract
Due to the technological innovations man is leading a comfortable life. But at the
same moment these advancements have at times become troublesome. The number of
people using their own cars has increased exponentially in the past ten or fifteen years.
The car parking has become an immense issue especially in big cities. Public utilities
need a parking system that can function efficiently and be integrated with the other urban
city utilities. For allotment of parking slots there is no proper way thus parking
management system fails in coordination and centralizing the information for an effective
system. To avoid these problems, a design of an intelligent parking system is proposed,
which will be implemented on FPGA to check its functionality.

1. Introduction
In this project, I will implementation a public park with following requirement:
- Number of slots: 4 (I used only 4 slots for easy to simulation)
- Number of entry gates: 1
- Number of exit gates: 1
- Car dimension limitation (Max length – width – height): 6.7 – 2.7 – 2.5 m

Base on given requirement, a digital system was designed to count empty slot that
remain in the park and display the information through a 7 segment Led.
- By using IR sensor, when car come closely to the entry gate barrier, sensor can
detect the car after that whenever empty slots are available, servo motor will be
active and open the gate.
- When the car is going through the gate, another sensor will detect, counter will
plus one and recalculate and display the empty slot through a LCD display and
close the gate.
- In case, there is a car go out of the park the counter will minus one and
recalculate the empty slots and display on the LCD. If none of available slot
remains, the gate will be not opened.
- In each slots of the park, there is one sensor to check that whether this slot is
available or not.
The park is description as below picture with one exit gate and one entry gate. At
each gate, there are two IR sensor, one is setup at the front of the gate, the other is
at the back of the gate.
- 1: Entry_front sensor
- 2: Entry_back sensor
- 3: Exit_back sensor
- 4: Exit_front sensor
2. Finite state machine diagram

This system contains 8 different states:

- Idle: The state is reset first; the state remains in this state if both inputs from
sensor entry_front = 0 and exit_front = 0. Otherwise it goes the next state.
- Wait_entry: At this state, system makes sure if a parking lot is not full. If
counter equal to 0, it goes to Full_slot state. Otherwise, it goes to
Door_entry state.
- Wait_exit: At this state, the system makes sure if any car is left before it
opens the gate. So that it does not count negative number.
- Door_entry: This state actives entry motor and left the car in and counter will
minute one. If the car pass through back sensor, it goes to next state.
- Door_exit: This state actives exit motor and left the car out of the park and
counter will plus one. If the car pass through back sensor, it goes to next state.
- Close_entry: When the car completely gets into the park, system will close
entry motor and goes back to idle.
- Close_exit: When the car completely gets out of the park, system will close
exit motor and goes back to idle.
- Full_slot: This state actives led condition and does not allow car gets into the
park. If exit sensor detects car is coming it will turn to wait_exit state.
3. Module diagram
This system was designed with top module is biggest module of the system and
contains 3 sub modules that is: parking_counter, de7447, motor_driver.
3.1. Top module

Name I/O No Function

of
bits
Clk In 1 Rising edge of clk signal to implement order of
module
reset in 1 Restart signal set all system to initial
configuration
Entry_front In 1 Input signal of entry front sensor
 Entry_back In 1 Input signal of entry back sensor
Exit_front In 1 Input signal of exit front sensor
Exit_back In 1 Input signal of exit back sensor
Slot_in In 4 Input signal of lot parking sensor in each slot
Led_output Out 7 Output signal to display at 7 segments led
Led_cond Out 1 Output signal to display condition of the park
Motor_entry Out 1 Output signal to control entry motor
Motor_exit Out 1 Output signal to control exit motor
Motor_entry Out 1 Output signal of PWM to drive entry motor
_output

Schematic of the top module

3.2. Parking_counter module

This module has main function which is counter whenever car get in or get
out of the park and send output signal to others module.

Name I/O No Function

of
 bits
Clk In 1 Rising edge of clk signal to implement order of
module
reset in 1 Restart signal set all system to initial
configuration
Entry_front In 1 Input signal of entry front sensor
Entry_back In 1 Input signal of entry back sensor
Exit_front In 1 Input signal of exit front sensor
Exit_back In 1 Input signal of exit back sensor
Slot_in In 4 Input signal of lot parking sensor in each slot
Led_display Out 3 Output signal of counter and send it to decoder
Led_cond Out 1 Output signal to display condition of the park
Motor_entry Out 1 Output signal to control entry motor
Motor_exit Out 1 Output signal to control exit motor

3.3. Decoder 7447

This module receives 4 bits signal from parking_counter and decoder into 7
bits signal to control 7 segments led.

3.4. Motor driver

Name I/O
No Function
of
bits
Clk In 1 Rising edge of clk signal to implement order of
module
reset in 1 Restart signal set all system to initial
configuration
Motor_entry In 1 Input signal of enable signal to control motor
Motor_entry Out 1 Output signal which form of PWM signal to
 _output control position of servo motor

4. External component
4.1. 7 segments led

Signal output FPGA pin Led pin

Led_output(0) AB9 a
Led_output(1) AB10 b
Led_output(2) AB11 c
Led_output(3) AA9 d
Led_output(4) Y10 e
Led_output(5) AA11 f
Led_output(6) Y11 g
4.2. Servo motor

To control position of servo motor, we generate a PWM signal with 50Hz

and duty cycle in rang of (1 – 2 ms). When the gate is close, the angle of motor is
180 degree we give it 2ms PWM signal. Otherwise, if the gate is open, we will
supply a 1.5 ms PWM.
Reference
1. Vehicle Sensor Control for Parking Lot Management System
http://denethor.wlu.ca/pc300/pc319projects/parkinglot/vehiclesensor.html
2. Design and Implementation of Car Parking System on FPGA
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248395247_Design_and_Implementatio
n_of_Car_Parking_System_on_FPGA
3. Zedborad Hardware users guide
http://www.zedboard.org/sites/default/files/documentations/ZedBoard_HW_UG_v
2_2.pdf
4. Servo motor S90 datasheet
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B5Ef9aHIJKtnYVh2bU4tT1pRcEU/view
5. 7 segment led anode common datasheet