GRADE 12 VELAMMAL VIDHYASHRAM, GUDUVANCHERY

QUESTION BANK – IV - MATHEMATICS

TOPIC: UNIT I – RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
QUESTIONS ON RELATIONS
1. Check whether the relation R defined in the set A = {1,2,3,4, … . . , 13,14} as
R = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0} is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
2. Check if the given relation defined on set of all natural numbers as
R = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 5, 𝑥 < 4} is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
3. Check whether the relation R defined on the set {1,2,3,4,5,6} as R = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 1} is reflexive,
symmetric and transitive. Also find the range of the relation.
4. Let R be a relation defined on N as follows: R = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 41} is reflexive, symmetric and
transitive. Find the domain and range of the relation R and also check if R is reflexive, symmetric and
transitive.
5. Check whether the relation R defined as R = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁} is reflexive,
symmetric and transitive
6. Consider the non-empty set consisting of children in a family and a relation R defined as a R b, if ‘a
is brother of b’. Check if R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
7. Relation R in the set A = {1,2,3,4,5.6} and R = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 𝑥} Check if R is reflexive,
symmetric and transitive.
8. Let R = {(𝑎 , 𝑎3 )} where a is a prime number less than 5. Find the range of R.
9. If R = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 8} is a relation on R, find the range of R and number of relations.
10. Let f: X → 𝑌 be a function. Define a relation R in X, R = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑓(𝑏)} . Examine R is an
equivalence relation.
11. Given a non-empty set X, consider P(X) which is the set of all subsets of X. For A, B in P(X), ARB if
A ⊂ 𝐵.Is R is an equivalence relation on P(X)?
12. If 𝑅1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅2 are equivalence relations, show that 𝑅1 ∩ 𝑅2 is also an equivalence relation.
13. Check if the given relation is reflexive, symmetric , transitive R = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 > 𝑦 , 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁 , 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁}
14. Prove that the given relation R = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟} is an equivalence relation.
15. Give example for a relation which is symmetric, but neither reflexive nor transitive.
16. Give example for a relation which is transitive but neither reflexive nor symmetric.
17. Give example for a relation which is reflexive and symmetric but not transitive.
18. Give example for a relation which is reflexive and transitive but not symmetric.
19. Give example of a relation which is symmetric and transitive but not reflexive.
20. The relation on set Z, of all integers is defined as R = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 − 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟} Prove that R is an
equivalence relation.
21. Show that the relation R on the set A = [𝑥 ∈ 𝑍, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 12] given by
R = [(𝑎, 𝑏): |𝑎 − 𝑏| 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 4] is an equivalence relation.
22. Show that the relation R on the set A = [1,2,3,4,5] is given by
R = [(𝑎, 𝑏): |𝑎 − 𝑏| 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛] is an equivalence relation. Show that all the elements of [1,3,5] are
related to each other and all the elements of [2,4] are related to each other, but no element of [1,3,5]
Is related to any element of [2,4]
23. Show that the relation R on the set A = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7] is given by
R = [(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛] is an equivalence relation. Show that all the
elements of [1,3,5,7] are related to each other and all the elements of [2,4,6] are related to each other,
but no element of [1,3,5,7] is related to any element of [2,4,6]
24. Show that the relation R on set Z of all integers is given by R = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑎 − 𝑏} is an
equivalence relation.
25. Let n be a fixed positive integer and the relation R is defined as R = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 𝑛 }
 Show that R is an equivalence relation on Z.
26. Let Z be the set of integers. Show that the relation R = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 } is an equivalence relation
on Z.
27. Let Z be the set of integers. Show that the relation R = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 5 } is an
equivalence relation on Z.
28. m is said to be related to n if m and n are integers and m- n is divisible by 13. Does this relation R is an
equivalence relation?
29. Show that the relation R on the set A = [𝑥 ∈ 𝑍, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 12] given by
R = [(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 = 𝑏] is an equivalence relation. Find the set of all elements related to 1.
30. Let S be a relation on the set of all real numbers defined by S = {(𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑅 × 𝑅: 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 1}
Prove that S is not an equivalence relation on R.
31. Let N be the set of all natural numbers and R be the relation on N× N, defined by
(a, b) R (c, d) ⇒ 𝑎𝑑 = 𝑏𝑐 Show that R is an equivalence relation and also find the equivalence class
of [(2,6)]
32. Let A = {1,2,3, … … . , 9} and R be the relation A × 𝐴 defined by (a , b) R (c, d) ⇒ a + d = b +c
Prove that R is an equivalence relation and also obtain equivalence class of [(2,5)]
33. Let N be the set of all natural numbers and R be the relation on N× N, defined by
(a, b) R (c, d) ⇒ 𝑎𝑑(𝑏 + 𝑐) = 𝑏𝑐(𝑎 + 𝑑) Show that R is an equivalence relation
34. Show that the relation R in the set [1,2,3] is given by the relation R = {(1,2), (2,1)} is symmetric but
neither reflexive nor transitive.
35. Show that the relation R in the set [1,2,3] is given by the relation R = {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (1,2), (2,3)}
is reflexive but neither symmetric nor transitive
36. Show that the relation R defined as R = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏} is reflexive, transitive but not symmetric.
37. Show that the relation R defined as R = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏 2 } is neither reflexive, nor transitive nor
symmetric.
38. Show that the relation R defined as R = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏 3 } is neither reflexive, nor transitive nor
symmetric.
39. Show that the relation R, defined in the set of all triangles as R = {(𝑇1 , 𝑇2 ): 𝑇1 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑇2 } is
equivalence relation. Consider 3 triangles 𝑇1 , 𝑇2 , 𝑇3 with sides 3, 4, 5 and 5,12,13 and 6,8,10. Which
of these related?
40. Let L be the set of all lines in XY plane. R be the relation as R = {(𝐿1 , 𝐿2 ): 𝐿1 , 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝐿2 } Show
that R is an equivalence relation. Also find the set of all lines that are related to y = 2x + 4
41. Show that the relation R in the set of all books of a library of a college given by
R = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑠} is an equivalence relation.
42. Show that the relation R, defined in the set A of all polygons
R = {(𝑃1 , 𝑃2 ): 𝑃1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃2 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 } is an equivalence relation. What is the set
of all elements in A related to right triangle T with sides 3,4 and 5?
43. Show that the relation R in the set A of points given by
R = {(𝑃, 𝑄): 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑃 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑄 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛} is
an equivalence relation. Further show that the set of all points related to a point P ≠ (0,0) is the circle
passing through P with origin as centre.
44. Let L be the set of all lines in a plane and R be the relation in L, defined as
R = {((𝐿1 , 𝐿2 ): 𝐿1 , 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝐿2 }. Show that R is symmetric but neither reflexive nor
transitive.
45. Determine if the following relation is symmetric, reflexive and transitive.
R = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑓𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑦}
46. Determine if the following relation is symmetric, reflexive and transitive.
R = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒}
47. Determine if the following relation is symmetric, reflexive and transitive.
R = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑓𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑦}
48. Determine if the following relation is symmetric, reflexive and transitive.
 R = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑙𝑦 7 𝑐𝑚 𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑦}
49. If R and S are transitive relations on a set A, then prove that R ∪ S may not be a transitive relation on
A.
50. If R and S are symmetric relations on the set A, then prove that R ∪ S and R ∩ S are also symmetric.
QUESTIONS ON FUNCTIONS
1. Check injectivity and surjectivity of the function f: N → 𝑁 given by f(x) = 𝑥 2
2. Check injectivity and surjectivity of the function f: Z → 𝑍 given by f(x) = 𝑥 2
3. Check injectivity and surjectivity of the function f: R → 𝑅 given by f(x) = 𝑥 2
4. Check injectivity and surjectivity of the function f: N → 𝑁 given by f(x) = 𝑥 3
5. Check injectivity and surjectivity of the function f: Z → 𝑍 given by f(x) = 𝑥 3
6. Prove that the function f : Q → 𝑄 given by f(x) = 2x – 3 is a bijection for all x∈ 𝑄
7. Show that the function f(x) = a x + b, a, b ∈ 𝑅 is a bijection.
8. Show that the function f(x) = 3𝑥 3 + 5 for all x ∈ 𝑅 is a bijection.
9. Show that the function f(x) = 4𝑥 3 + 7 for all x ∈ 𝑅 is a bijection.
10. Discuss the surjectivity of the function f(x) = 𝑥 3 + 2, 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅
11. Prove that the function f: R→ 𝑅 given by f(x) = 2x, is one – one and onto.
12. Prove that the function f: N→ 𝑁 given by f(x) = 2x, is one – one, but not onto
𝑥−1
13. Let A = R - {2} and B = R - {1} , if f: A → 𝐵 is a mapping defined by f(x) = , show that f is a
𝑥−2
bijection.
𝑥−2
14. Let A = R - {3} and B = R - {1} , if f: A → 𝐵 is a mapping defined by f(x) = , show that f is a
𝑥−3
bijection.
7 3 3𝑥+4
15. Show that if f: R - { } → 𝑅 − { } 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑓(𝑥) = is a bijection.
5 5 5𝑥−7
−4 4𝑥
16. Show that f: R - { 3 } → 𝑅 𝑏𝑒 𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑠 𝑓(𝑥) = is a bijection.
3𝑥+4
𝑥
17. Check if f is an injection, surjection and hence bijection if f: R → 𝑅 given by f(x) =
𝑥 2 +1
3
18. Check if the given function f: R → 𝑅 given by f(x) = 𝑥 − 𝑥 is a bijection.
19. Show that the function f: R → 𝑅 given by f(x) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 is a bijection.
20. Check if the given function f: R → 𝑅 given by f(x) = 3 – 4x is a bijection.
21. Show that the modulus function f: R → 𝑅 given by f(x) = |𝑥|, is neither one – one nor onto where
|𝑥| 𝑖𝑠 𝑥 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 |𝑥| 𝑖𝑠 − 𝑥 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒.
22. Let A = {−1,1}, then discuss if f(x) = x |𝑥| is one – one, onto and bijective.
23. Let A = {−1,1}, then discuss if f(x) = 𝑥 2 is one – one, onto and bijective.
𝑥
24. Let A = {−1,1}, then discuss if f(x) = 2 is one – one, onto and bijective.
𝑥
25. Show that the function f: R → {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅: −1 < 𝑥 < 1} given by f(x) = 1+ |𝑥| is a bijection.
1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 0
26. Show that the signum function f: R → 𝑅, given by f(x) = [ 0 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 0 is neither one – one nor
−1 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 0
onto.
27. Prove that the greatest integer function f: R→ 𝑅 given by f(x) = ⌊𝑥⌋ is neither one – one nor on to,
where ⌊𝑥⌋ denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x.
28. Show that f: R → 𝑅 given by f(x) = x - ⌊𝑥⌋ is neither one – one nor onto.
29. Let A be any non-empty set Then prove that identity function us a bijection.
30. Consider the identity function 𝐼𝑁 : 𝑁 → 𝑁 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑠 𝐼𝑁 (𝑥) = 𝑥, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁. Show that
although 𝐼𝑁 is onto, show that 𝐼𝑁 + 𝐼𝑁 : 𝑁 → 𝑁 defined as 𝐼𝑁 + 𝐼𝑁 (𝑥) = 2𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜.
1
31. If f: R→ 𝑅, defined by f(x) = , for all x∈ 𝑅 , find the range of f.
2−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
32. Let A = {1,2,3} and B = {4,5,6,7} and let f = {(1,4), (2,5), (3,6)} be a function from A to B.
Show that f is one – one.
33. Is g = {(1,1), (2,3), (3,5), (4,7)} a function? If g is described by g(x) = 𝛼𝑥 + 𝛽, then what value
should be assigned to 𝛼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽 ?
34. Let A = {−1,0,1} and f{(𝑥, 𝑥 2 : 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴)} show that f : A→ 𝐴 is neither one – one nor onto.
35. Let A = {1,2,3} f : A→ 𝐴 is one – one show that f is onto.
36. Let A = {1,2,3} f: A→ 𝐴 is onto, then show that f is one – one.
37. Let A = {1,2, } find all one – one functions from A to itself.
38. Let A = {1,2,3} , write all one -one from A to itself.
𝑛+1
𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑
39. Let f: N→ 𝑁 be defined by f(n) = { 𝑛2 for all x ∈ 𝑁 , state whether f is bijective and
, 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
2
justify your answer
40. Show that f: N→ 𝑁 given by f(x) = n – (−1)𝑛 for all n ∈ 𝑁 is a bijection.
𝑛 + 1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑
41. Let f: N→ 𝑁 be defined as f(n) = { show that f is a bijection.
𝑛 − 1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
42. Let A be the set of all students in a class of 50 and f: A→ 𝑁 be a function defined by f(x) = Roll
number of student x. Show that f is one – one, but not onto.
1
43. Show that the function f: 𝑅0 → 𝑅0 defined by f(x) = 𝑥 is one – one and onto where 𝑅0 is the set of
all non-zero real numbers. Is the result true if f: N→ 𝑅0
44. Show that the exponential function f: R→ 𝑅, f(x) = 𝑒 𝑥 is one – one, but not on to?
45. Show that the logarithmic function f: 𝑅0+ → 𝑅 f(x) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑥 , a > 0 is a bijection.
46. Show that f: R→ 𝑅 given by f(x) = cosx, for all x ∈ 𝑅 is neither one - one nor onto.
𝜋 𝜋
47. Consider the function f: [0. 2 ] → 𝑅 given by f(x) = sinx and g: [0. 2 ] → 𝑅, given by g(x) = cosx

Show that f and g are one – one but for every x > 2, is onto but not one – one.t f + g is not
one – one
48. Let A and B be sets. Show that f: A × 𝐵 → 𝐵 × 𝐴 such that f(a,b) = (b,a) is bijective function.
49. Show that the function f: N × 𝑁 given by f(1) = f(2) = 1 and f(x) = x -1
50. Find the number of all onto functions from the set A = {1,2,3, … … . 𝑛} to itself.
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