Chapter 14

Resource Masters
 Consumable Workbooks
Many of the worksheets contained in the Chapter Resource Masters booklets
are available as consumable workbooks.
Study Guide and Intervention Workbook 0-07-828029-X
Skills Practice Workbook 0-07-828023-0
Practice Workbook 0-07-828024-9

ANSWERS FOR WORKBOOKS The answers for Chapter 14 of these workbooks

can be found in the back of this Chapter Resource Masters booklet.

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Printed in the United States of America. Permission is granted to reproduce the
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ISBN: 0-07-828017-6 Algebra 2

Chapter 14 Resource Masters

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 066 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02
 Contents
Vocabulary Builder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Lesson 14-6
Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . 867–868
Lesson 14-1 Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869
Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . 837–838 Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 870
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839 Reading to Learn Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . 871
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 840 Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872
Reading to Learn Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . 841
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842 Lesson 14-7
Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . 873–874
Lesson 14-2 Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875
Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . 843–844 Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845 Reading to Learn Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . 877
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 846 Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 878
Reading to Learn Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . 847
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848 Chapter 14 Assessment
Chapter 14 Test, Form 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 879–880
Lesson 14-3 Chapter 14 Test, Form 2A . . . . . . . . . . 881–882
Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . 849–850 Chapter 14 Test, Form 2B . . . . . . . . . . 883–884
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851 Chapter 14 Test, Form 2C . . . . . . . . . . 885–886
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 852 Chapter 14 Test, Form 2D . . . . . . . . . . 887–888
Reading to Learn Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . 853 Chapter 14 Test, Form 3 . . . . . . . . . . . 889–890
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 854 Chapter 14 Open-Ended Assessment . . . . . 891
Chapter 14 Vocabulary Test/Review . . . . . . 892
Lesson 14-4 Chapter 14 Quizzes 1 & 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893
Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . 855–856 Chapter 14 Quizzes 3 & 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 894
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857 Chapter 14 Mid-Chapter Test . . . . . . . . . . . . 895
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 858 Chapter 14 Cumulative Review . . . . . . . . . . 896
Reading to Learn Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . 859 Chapter 14 Standardized Test Practice . 897–898
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 860 Unit 5 Test/Review (Ch. 13–14) . . . . . . 899–900
Second Semester Test (Ch. 8–14) . . . . 901–902
Lesson 14-5 Final Test (Ch. 1–14) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903–904
Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . 861–862
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863 Standardized Test Practice
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 864 Student Recording Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A1
Reading to Learn Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . 865
ANSWERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A2–A38
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill iii Glencoe Algebra 2

 Teacher’s Guide to Using the
Chapter 14 Resource Masters
The Fast File Chapter Resource system allows you to conveniently file the resources
you use most often. The Chapter 14 Resource Masters includes the core materials
needed for Chapter 14. These materials include worksheets, extensions, and
assessment options. The answers for these pages appear at the back of this booklet.
All of the materials found in this booklet are included for viewing and printing in the
Algebra 2 TeacherWorks CD-ROM.

Vocabulary Builder Pages vii–viii Practice There is one master for each
include a student study tool that presents lesson. These problems more closely follow
up to twenty of the key vocabulary terms the structure of the Practice and Apply
from the chapter. Students are to record section of the Student Edition exercises.
definitions and/or examples for each term. These exercises are of average difficulty.
You may suggest that students highlight or
star the terms with which they are not WHEN TO USE These provide additional
familiar. practice options or may be used as
homework for second day teaching of the
WHEN TO USE Give these pages to lesson.
students before beginning Lesson 14-1.
Encourage them to add these pages to their Reading to Learn Mathematics
Algebra 2 Study Notebook. Remind them One master is included for each lesson. The
to add definitions and examples as they first section of each master asks questions
complete each lesson. about the opening paragraph of the lesson
in the Student Edition. Additional
Study Guide and Intervention questions ask students to interpret the
Each lesson in Algebra 2 addresses two context of and relationships among terms
objectives. There is one Study Guide and in the lesson. Finally, students are asked to
Intervention master for each objective. summarize what they have learned using
various representation techniques.
WHEN TO USE Use these masters as
reteaching activities for students who need WHEN TO USE This master can be used
additional reinforcement. These pages can as a study tool when presenting the lesson
also be used in conjunction with the Student or as an informal reading assessment after
Edition as an instructional tool for students presenting the lesson. It is also a helpful
who have been absent. tool for ELL (English Language Learner)
students.
Skills Practice There is one master for
each lesson. These provide computational Enrichment There is one extension
practice at a basic level. master for each lesson. These activities may
extend the concepts in the lesson, offer an
WHEN TO USE These masters can be historical or multicultural look at the
used with students who have weaker concepts, or widen students’ perspectives on
mathematics backgrounds or need the mathematics they are learning. These
additional reinforcement. are not written exclusively for honors
students, but are accessible for use with all
levels of students.
WHEN TO USE These may be used as
extra credit, short-term projects, or as
activities for days when class periods are
shortened.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill iv Glencoe Algebra 2

Assessment Options Intermediate Assessment
The assessment masters in the Chapter 14 • Four free-response quizzes are included
Resource Masters offer a wide range of to offer assessment at appropriate
assessment tools for intermediate and final intervals in the chapter.
assessment. The following lists describe each
• A Mid-Chapter Test provides an option
assessment master and its intended use.
to assess the first half of the chapter. It is
composed of both multiple-choice and
Chapter Assessment free-response questions.
CHAPTER TESTS
• Form 1 contains multiple-choice questions Continuing Assessment
and is intended for use with basic level • The Cumulative Review provides
students. students an opportunity to reinforce and
retain skills as they proceed through
• Forms 2A and 2B contain multiple-choice
their study of Algebra 2. It can also be
questions aimed at the average level
used as a test. This master includes
student. These tests are similar in format
free-response questions.
to offer comparable testing situations.
• The Standardized Test Practice offers
• Forms 2C and 2D are composed of free-
continuing review of algebra concepts in
response questions aimed at the average
various formats, which may appear on
level student. These tests are similar in
the standardized tests that they may
format to offer comparable testing
encounter. This practice includes multiple-
situations. Grids with axes are provided
choice, grid-in, and quantitative-
for questions assessing graphing skills.
comparison questions. Bubble-in and
• Form 3 is an advanced level test with grid-in answer sections are provided on
free-response questions. Grids without the master.
axes are provided for questions assessing
graphing skills.
Answers
All of the above tests include a free- • Page A1 is an answer sheet for the
response Bonus question. Standardized Test Practice questions
• The Open-Ended Assessment includes that appear in the Student Edition on
performance assessment tasks that are pages 810–811. This improves students’
suitable for all students. A scoring rubric familiarity with the answer formats they
is included for evaluation guidelines. may encounter in test taking.
Sample answers are provided for • The answers for the lesson-by-lesson
assessment. masters are provided as reduced pages
• A Vocabulary Test, suitable for all with answers appearing in red.
students, includes a list of the vocabulary • Full-size answer keys are provided for
words in the chapter and ten questions the assessment masters in this booklet.
assessing students’ knowledge of those
terms. This can also be used in conjunc-
tion with one of the chapter tests or as a
review worksheet.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill v Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14 Reading to Learn Mathematics

Vocabulary Builder

Vocabulary Builder
This is an alphabetical list of the key vocabulary terms you will learn in Chapter 14.
As you study the chapter, complete each term’s definition or description. Remember
to add the page number where you found the term. Add these pages to your Algebra
Study Notebook to review vocabulary at the end of the chapter.

Found
Vocabulary Term Definition/Description/Example
on Page
amplitude








AM·pluh·TOOD

double-angle formula

half-angle formula

midline

phase shift




FAYZ

(continued on the next page)

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill vii Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14 Reading to Learn Mathematics

Vocabulary Builder (continued)
Found
Vocabulary Term Definition/Description/Example
on Page
trigonometric equation

trigonometric identity

vertical shift

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill viii Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-1 Study Guide and Intervention

Graphing Trigonometric Functions
Graph Trigonometric Functions To graph a trigonometric function, make a table of
values for known degree measures (0
, 30
, 45
, 60
, 90
, and so on). Round function values to
the nearest tenth, and plot the points. Then connect the points with a smooth, continuous
curve. The period of the sine, cosine, secant, and cosecant functions is 360
or 2 radians.

The amplitude of the graph of a periodic function is the absolute value of half the
Amplitude of a Function
difference between its maximum and minimum values.

ExampleGraph y
sin
for 360 
 0.

Lesson 14-1
First make a table of values.

360° 330° 315° 300° 270° 240° 225° 210° 180°
1
2
3
3
2 1
sin
0    1    0
2 2 2 2 2 2

150° 135° 120° 90° 60° 45° 30° 0°
1
2

3

3

2
 1
sin
   1    0
2 2 2 2 2 2

y
y sin 1.0
0.5

360 270 180 90 O

0.5
1.0

Exercises
Graph the following functions for the given domain.
1. cos
, 360

 0
2. tan
, 2 
 0
y y
1 4

O
360 270 180 90 O
3
2 2 2
1 2

What is the amplitude of each function?

3. y 4. y

O x
2
O 2 x

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 837 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-1 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Graphing Trigonometric Functions

Variations of Trigonometric Functions
For functions of the form y  a sin b
and y  a cos b
, the amplitude is | a |,
360° 2
Amplitudes and the period is  or  .
|b | |b |
and Periods For functions of the form y  a tan b
, the amplitude is not defined,
180° 
and the period is  or  .
|b | |b |

Example Find the amplitude and period of each function. Then graph the
function.

1
a. y
4 cos  b. y
 tan 2

3 2
First, find the amplitude. The amplitude is not defined, and the
| a |  | 4 |, so the amplitude is 4. 
period is .
2
Next find the period. y
360° 4
  1080

 
1

3 2
Use the amplitude and period to help
graph the function. O 3
4 2 4
y –2
4
y 4 cos –
3 –4
2

O
180 360 540 720 900 1080
2

Exercises
Find the amplitude, if it exists, and period of each function. Then graph each
function.


1. y  3 sin
2. y  2 tan 
2

y y

2 2

O O  3 5
90 180 270 360  2 3
2 2 2
2 2

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 838 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-1 Skills Practice

Graphing Trigonometric Functions
Find the amplitude, if it exists, and period of each function. Then graph each
function.

1. y  2 cos
2. y  4 sin
3. y  2 sec

y y y
2 4 4

1 2 2

Lesson 14-1
O O O
90 180 270 360 90 180 270 360 90 180 270 360
1 2 2

2 4 4

1
4. y   tan
5. y  sin 3
6. y  csc 3

2

y y y
2 2 4

1 1 2

O O O
90 180 270 360 90 180 270 360 30 90 150
1 1 2

2 2 4

1
7. y  tan 2
8. y  cos 2
9. y  4 sin 

2

y y y
4 2 4

2 1 2

O O O
45 90 135 180 45 90 135 180 180 360 540 720
2 1 2

4 2 4

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 839 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-1 Practice
Graphing Trigonometric Functions
Find the amplitude, if it exists, and period of each function. Then graph each
function.
1
1. y  4 sin
2. y  cot 
3. y  cos 5

2

y y y
4 4 1

2 2

O O O
90 180 270 360 90 180 270 360 45 90 135 180
2 2

4 4 1

3 1
4. y  csc 
5. y  2 tan 
6. 2y  sin

4 2

FORCE For Exercises 7 and 8, use the following information.

An anchoring cable exerts a force of 500 Newtons on a pole. The force has
the horizontal and vertical components Fx and Fy. (A force of one Newton (N), 500 N
Fy
is the force that gives an acceleration of 1 m/sec2 to a mass of 1 kg.)

7. The function Fx  500 cos
describes the relationship between the

angle
and the horizontal force. What are the amplitude and period Fx
of this function?

8. The function Fy  500 sin
describes the relationship between the angle
and the
vertical force. What are the amplitude and period of this function?

WEATHER For Exercises 9 and 10, use the following information.


The function y  60  25 sin t, where t is in months and t  0 corresponds to April 15,
6
models the average high temperature in degrees Fahrenheit in Centerville.

9. Determine the period of this function. What does this period represent?

10. What is the maximum high temperature and when does this occur?

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 840 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-1 Reading to Learn Mathematics

Graphing Trigonometric Functions
Pre-Activity Why can you predict the behavior of tides?
Read the introduction to Lesson 14-1 at the top of page 762 in your textbook.
Consider the tides of the Atlantic Ocean as a function of time.
Approximately what is the period of this function?

Reading the Lesson

1. Determine whether each statement is true or false.

Lesson 14-1
a. The period of a function is the distance between the maximum and minimum points.

b. The amplitude of a function is the difference between its maximum and minimum
values.

c. The amplitude of the function y  sin
is 2.

d. The function y  cot
has no amplitude.

e. The period of the function y  sec
is .

f. The amplitude of the function y  2 cos
is 4.

g. The function y  sin 2
has a period of .


h. The period of the function y  cot 3
is .
3

i. The amplitude of the function y  5 sin
is 5.

1
j. The period of the function y  csc 
is 4.
4

k. The graph of the function y  sin
has no asymptotes.

l. The graph of the function y  tan
has an asymptote at
 180
.

m. When
 360
, the values of cos
and sec
are equal.

n. When
 270
, cot
is undefined.

o. When
 180
, csc
is undefined.

Helping You Remember

2. What is an easy way to remember the periods of y  a sin b
and y  a cos b
?

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 841 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-1 Enrichment

Blueprints
Interpreting blueprints requires the ability to select and use trigonometric
functions and geometric properties. The figure below represents a plan for an
improvement to a roof. The metal fitting shown makes a 30
angle with the
horizontal. The vertices of the geometric shapes are not labeled in these
plans. Relevant information must be selected and the appropriate function
used to find the unknown measures.

Example Find the unknown Roofing Improvement

measures in the figure at the right.
The measures x and y are the legs of a top view
right triangle. 5"
––
16
metal fitting
The measure of the hypotenuse
–15"
15 5 20 16– side view
is  in.   in. or  in. x
16 16 16
30° 0.09"
y x y
5"
––
13"
––

20
 cos 30

20
 sin 30
16 16
 
16 16
y  1.08 in. x  0.63 in.

Find the unknown measures of each of the following.

1. Chimney on roof 2. Air vent 3. Elbow joint
1' 1'
4 –2 3 –4

C
A
x 2'
D
1' B
9 –2
40°
1' t
1 –2 1'
7 –4
y
r
A
1'
1 –4

40° 4'

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 842 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-2 Study Guide and Intervention

Translations of Trigonometric Graphs
Horizontal Translations When a constant is subtracted from the angle measure in a
trigonometric function, a phase shift of the graph results.

The horizontal phase shift of the graphs of the functions y  a sin b(
 h), y  a cos b(
 h),
and y  a tan b(
 h) is h, where b  0.
Phase Shift
If h  0, the shift is to the right.
If h 0, the shift is to the left.

Example State the amplitude, period, and y

 1.0


1
phase shift for y
 cos 3
  . Then graph
2 2 0.5
the function.

| |
O 2 5
1 1
Amplitude: a   or  0.5 6 3 2 3 6
2 2
1.0
2 2 2
Period: 
| b|

|3|
or 
3

Phase Shift: h  

Lesson 14-2
2

The phase shift is to the right since   0.
2

Exercises
State the amplitude, period, and phase shift for each function. Then graph the
function.

1. y  2 sin (
 60
) 
2. y  tan
 
2 

y y

2 2

O O 3
90 90 180 270 360 2
2 2
2 2


3. y  3 cos (
 45
)
1

4. y   sin 3
 
2 3 

y y
1.0
2
0.5

O O 2 5
90 180 270 360 450
0.5 6 3 2 3 6
2
1.0

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 843 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-2 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Translations of Trigonometric Graphs

Vertical Translations When a constant is added to a trigonometric function, the graph
is shifted vertically.

The vertical shift of the graphs of the functions y  a sin b(
 h)  k, y  a cos b(
 h)  k,
and y  a tan b(
 h)  k is k.
Vertical Shift
If k  0, the shift is up.
If k 0, the shift is down.

The midline of a vertical shift is y  k.

Step 1 Determine the vertical shift, and graph the midline.

Graphing Step 2 Determine the amplitude, if it exists. Use dashed lines to indicate the maximum and
Trigonometric minimum values of the function.
Functions Step 3 Determine the period of the function and graph the appropriate function.
Step 4 Determine the phase shift and translate the graph accordingly.

Example State the vertical shift, equation of the midline, amplitude, and
period for y
cos 2
 3. Then graph the function.
Vertical Shift: k  3, so the vertical shift is 3 units down. y
2
The equation of the midline is y  3. 1

Amplitude: | a |  | 1 | or 1 1
O 3 2
2 2
2 2
Period: 
| b|

|2|
or 

Since the amplitude of the function is 1, draw dashed lines

parallel to the midline that are 1 unit above and below the midline.
Then draw the cosine curve, adjusted to have a period of .

Exercises
State the vertical shift, equation of the midline, amplitude, and period for each
function. Then graph the function.
1
1. y   cos
 2 2. y  3 sin
 2
2

y y
3 1
2
O   3 2
1 1 2 2
O 2
  3 2
1 2 2 3
2 4
5
6

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 844 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-2 Skills Practice

Translations of Trigonometric Graphs
State the amplitude, period, and phase shift for each function. Then graph the
function.

1. y  sin (
 90
) 2. y  cos (
 45
) 
3. y  tan
 
2 
y y y
2 2 4

1 1 2

O O O 
90 180 270 360 90 180 270 360  3 2
2 2
1 1 2

2 2 4

State the vertical shift, equation of the midline, amplitude, and period for each

Lesson 14-2
function. Then graph the function.

4. y  csc
 2 5. y  cos
 1 6. y  sec
 3

y y y
2 6
2
4
O
180 360 540 720 1
2 2
O
4 180 360 540 720
O
1 90 180 270 360
6 2

State the vertical shift, amplitude, period, and phase shift of each function. Then
graph the function.

7. y  2 cos [3(
 45
)]  2 8. y  3 sin [2(
 90
)]  2  43 
9. y  4 cot 
 
4   2

y y y
6 6 4

4 4 2

2 2 O   3 2
2 2
2
O O
90 180 270 360 90 180 270 360
2 2 4

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 845 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-2 Practice
Translations of Trigonometric Graphs
State the vertical shift, amplitude, period, and phase shift for each function. Then
graph the function.

1
1. y   tan
 
2  2  2. y  2 cos (
 30
)  3 3. y  3 csc (2
 60
)  2.5

y y y
4 6

2 4

2
O 3 2
2 2
2
O
180 360 540 720
4 2

ECOLOGY For Exercises 4–6, use the following information.

The population of an insect species in a stand of trees follows the growth cycle of a
particular tree species. The insect population can be modeled by the function
y  40  30 sin 6t, where t is the number of years since the stand was first cut in
November, 1920.

4. How often does the insect population reach its maximum level?

5. When did the population last reach its maximum?

6. What condition in the stand do you think corresponds with a minimum insect population?

BLOOD PRESSURE For Exercises 7–9, use the following information.

Jason’s blood pressure is 110 over 70, meaning that the pressure oscillates between a maximum
of 110 and a minimum of 70. Jason’s heart rate is 45 beats per minute. The function that
represents Jason’s blood pressure P can be modeled using a sine function with no phase shift.

7. Find the amplitude, midline, and period in seconds of the function.

8. Write a function that represents Jason’s blood

pressure P after t seconds. Jason’s Blood Pressure
P
9. Graph the function. 120
100
Pressure

80
60
40
20

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 t
Time

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 846 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-2 Reading to Learn Mathematics

Translations of Trigonometric Graphs
Pre-Activity How can translations of trigonometric graphs be used to show
animal populations?
Read the introduction to Lesson 14-2 at the top of page 769 in your textbook.
According to the model given in your textbook, what would be the estimated
rabbit population for January 1, 2005?

Reading the Lesson

1. Determine whether the graph of each function represents a shift of the parent function
to the left, to the right, upward, or downward. (Do not actually graph the functions.)

a. y  sin (
 90
) b. y  sin
 3



c. y  cos
 
3  d. y  tan
 4

Lesson 14-2
2. Determine whether the graph of each function has an amplitude change, period change,
phase shift, or vertical shift compared to the graph of the parent function. (More than
one of these may apply to each function. Do not actually graph the functions.)
5

a. y  3 sin
 
6 
b. y  cos (2
 70
)

c. y  4 cos 3

1
d. y  sec 
 3
2



e. y  tan
   1
4 

 13
f. y  2 sin 
   4
6 

Helping You Remember

3. Many students have trouble remembering which of the functions y  sin (
 ) and
y  sin (
 ) represents a shift to the left and which represents a shift to the right.
Using   45
, explain a good way to remember which is which.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 847 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-2 Enrichment

Translating Graphs of Trigonometric Functions

Three graphs are shown at the right: y
y  3 sin 2
y = 3 sin 2u
y  3 sin 2(
 30
) O
90° 180° u
y  4  3 sin 2

y = 3 sin 2(u – 30°)
Replacing
with (
 30
) translates
the graph to the right. Replacing y
with y  4 translates the graph y + 4 = 3 sin 2u
4 units down.

Example Graph one cycle of y
6 cos (5
 80)  2.

Step 1 Transform the equation into y Step 2 y = 6 cos 5u
the form y  k  a cos b(
 h). 6

y  2  6 cos 5(
 16
) O 72° u

Step 2 Sketch y  6 cos 5
. –6

Step 3 Translate y  6 cos 5
to y Step 3

obtain the desired graph. y 2 2 = 6 cos 5( u + 16°)
6
y = 6 cos 5(u + 16°)
O 56°
–6

Sketch these graphs on the same coordinate system.

1. y  3 sin 2(
 45
) 2. y  1  3 sin 2
3. y  5  3 sin 2(
 90
)

On another piece of paper, graph one cycle of each curve.

4. y  2 sin 4(
 50
) 5. y  5 sin (3
 90
)

6. y  6 cos (4
 360
)  3 7. y  6 cos 4
 3

8. The graphs for problems 6 and 7 should be the same. Use the sum
formula for cosine of a sum to show that the equations are equivalent.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 848 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-3 Study Guide and Intervention

Trigonometric Identities
Find Trigonometric Values A trigonometric identity is an equation involving
trigonometric functions that is true for all values for which every expression in the equation
is defined.
sin
cos

Quotient Identities tan
  cot
 
cos
sin

Basic
1 1 1
Trigonometric Reciprocal Identities csc
  sec
  cot
 
sin
cos
tan

Identities
Pythagorean Identities cos2
 sin2
 1 tan2
 1  sec2
cot2
 1  csc2

Example Find the value of cot
if csc

; 180

11

270.
5
cot
 1  csc

2 2 Trigonometric identity

cot2
 1   
11 2
5  11
Substitute  for csc
.
5
121
cot
 1  
2 Square .
11
25 5
96
cot
 
2 Subtract 1 from each side.
25
4
6
cot
  Take the square root of each side.
5
4
6
Since
is in the third quadrant, cot
is positive, Thus cot
 .
5

Exercises

Lesson 14-3
Find the value of each expression.

3

1. tan
, if cot
 4; 180

270
2. csc
, if cos
 ; 0

90

2

3 1
3. cos
, if sin
 ; 0

90
4. sec
, if sin
 ; 0

90

5 3

4 3
5. cos
, if tan
 ; 90

180
6. tan
, if sin
 ; 0

90

3 7

7 6
7. sec
, if cos
 ; 90

180
8. sin
, if cos
 ; 270

360

8 7

12 9
9. cot
, if csc
 ; 90

180
10. sin
, if csc
 ; 270

360

5 4

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 849 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-3 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Trigonometric Identities
Simplify Expressions The simplified form of a trigonometric expression is written as a
numerical value or in terms of a single trigonometric function, if possible. Any of the
trigonometric identities on page 849 can be used to simplify expressions containing
trigonometric functions.

Example 1 Simplify (1  cos2
) sec
cot
 tan
sec
cos2
.

1 cos
sin
1
(1  cos2
) sec
cot
 tan
sec
cos2
 sin2
     cos2

cos
sin
cos
cos

 sin
 sin

 2 sin

Example 2 sec
cot
csc

Simplify    .
1  sin
1  sin

1 cos
1
  
sec
cot
csc
cos
sin
sin

      
1  sin
1  sin
1  sin
1  sin

1 1
(1  sin
)  (1  sin
)
sin
sin

 
(1  sin
)(1  sin
)
1 1
  1    1
sin
sin

 
1  sin2

2

cos

2

Exercises
Simplify each expression.
tan
csc
sin
cot

1.  2. 
sec
sec
 tan

2 2

sin2
 cot
tan
cos

3.  4. 
cot
sin
sec
 tan

tan
cos
csc2
 cot2

5.   cot
sin
tan
csc
6. 
sin
tan
cos

1  cos2

7. 3 tan
cot
 4 sin
csc
 2 cos
sec
8. 
tan
sin

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 850 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-3 Skills Practice

Trigonometric Identities
Find the value of each expression.
4
1. sin
, if cos
  and 90

180
2. cos
, if tan
 1 and 180

270

5

1
3. sec
, if tan
 1 and 0

90
4. cos
, if tan
  and 0

90

2

2

5. tan
, if sin
  
2
and 180

270
6. cos
, if sec
 2 and 270

360

2
5

7. cos
, if csc
 2 and 180

270
8. tan
, if cos
  
5
and 180

270

3 8
9. cos
, if cot
  and 90

180
10. csc
, if cos
  and 0

90

2 17

5
11. cot
, if csc
 2 and 180

270
12. tan
, if sin
  and 180

270

Lesson 14-3
13

Simplify each expression.

13. sin
sec
14. csc
sin

cos

15. cot
sec
16. 
sec

17. tan
 cot
18. csc
tan
 tan
sin

1  sin2

19.  20. csc
 cot

sin
 1

sin2
 cos2
tan2

21. 
2
22. 1  
1  cos 1  sec

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 851 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-3 Practice
Trigonometric Identities
Find the value of each expression.
5 15
1. sin
, if cos
  and 0

90
2. sec
, if sin
  and 180

270

13 17

3 1
3. cot
, if cos
  and 270

360
4. sin
, if cot
  and 0

90

10 2

3
5. cot
, if csc
  and 180

270
6. sec
, if csc
 8 and 270

360

2

1
7. sec
, if tan
 4 and 180

270
8. sin
, if tan
  and 270

360

2

2 1
9. cot
, if tan
  and 0

90
10. cot
, if cos
  and 270

360

5 3

Simplify each expression.

sin2

11. csc
tan
12.  13. sin2
cot2

2tan

csc2
 cot2
csc
 sin

14. cot2
 1 15.  16. 
2 1  cos
cos

cos
cos

17. sin
 cos
cot
18.    19. sec2
cos2
 tan2

1  sin
1  sin

20. AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY The illustration shows a plane taking

an aerial photograph of point A. Because the point is directly below
the plane, there is no distortion in the image. For any point B not
directly below the plane, however, the increase in distance creates
distortion in the photograph. This is because as the distance from
the camera to the point being photographed increases, the
exposure of the film reduces by (sin
)(csc
 sin
). Express
(sin
)(csc
 sin
) in terms of cos
only. A B

21. TSUNAMIS The equation y  a sin
t represents the height of the waves passing a
buoy at a time t in seconds. Express a in terms of csc
t.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 852 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-3 Reading to Learn Mathematics

Trigonometric Identities
Pre-Activity How can trigonometry be used to model the path of a baseball?
Read the introduction to Lesson 14-3 at the top of page 777 in your textbook.
Suppose that a baseball is hit from home plate with an initial velocity of
58 feet per second at an angle of 36
with the horizontal from an initial
height of 5 feet. Show the equation that you would use to find the height of
the ball 10 seconds after the ball is hit. (Show the formula with the
appropriate numbers substituted, but do not do any calculations.)

Reading the Lesson

1. Match each expression from the list on the left with an expression from the list on the
right that is equal to it for all values for which each expression is defined. (Some of the
expressions from the list on the right may be used more than once or not at all.)
1
a. sec2
 tan2
i. 
sin

b. cot2
 1 ii. tan

sin

c.  iii. 1
cos

d. sin2
 cos2
iv. sec

Lesson 14-3
e. csc
v. csc2

1
f.  vi. cot

cos

cos

g. 
sin

2. Write an identity that you could use to find each of the indicated trigonometric values
and tell whether that value is positive or negative. (Do not actually find the values.)
4
a. tan
, if sin
  and 180

270

5

b. sec
, if tan
 3 and 90

180

Helping You Remember

3. A good way to remember something new is to relate it to something you already know.
How can you use the unit circle definitions of the sine and cosine that you learned in
Chapter 13 to help you remember the Pythagorean identity cos2
 sin2
 1?

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 853 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-3 Enrichment

Planetary Orbits
The orbit of a planet around the sun is an ellipse with
the sun at one focus. Let the pole of a polar coordinate
r
system be that focus and the polar axis be toward the
other focus. The polar equation of an ellipse is
Polar Axis
2ep b2
r  . Since 2p    and b2  a2  c2,
1  e cos
c
a2  c2 a2
 c2

2p     1  2 . Because e  ,
c c a
c
a

 ac   ac    a1e(1  e2).
2
2p  a  1  

Therefore 2ep  a(1  e2). Substituting into the polar equation of an

ellipse yields an equation that is useful for finding distances from the
planet to the sun.
a(1  e2)
r  
1  e cos

Note that e is the eccentricity of the orbit and a is the length of the
semi-major axis of the ellipse. Also, a is the mean distance of the planet
from the sun.

Example The mean distance of Venus from the sun is

67.24 106 miles and the eccentricity of its orbit is .006788. Find the
minimum and maximum distances of Venus from the sun.

The minimum distance occurs when
 .

67.24 106(1  0.0067882)
r    66.78 106 miles
1  0.006788 cos 
The maximum distance occurs when
 0.
67.24 106(1  0.0067882)
r    67.70 106 miles
1  0.006788 cos 0

Complete each of the following.

1. The mean distance of Mars from the sun is 141.64 106 miles and the
eccentricity of its orbit is 0.093382. Find the minimum and maximum
distances of Mars from the sun.

2. The minimum distance of Earth from the sun is 91.445 106 miles and
the eccentricity of its orbit is 0.016734. Find the mean and maximum
distances of Earth from the sun.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 854 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-4 Study Guide and Intervention

Verifying Trigonometric Identities
Transform One Side of an Equation Use the basic trigonometric identities along
with the definitions of the trigonometric functions to verify trigonometric identities. Often it
is easier to begin with the more complicated side of the equation and transform that
expression into the form of the simpler side.

Example Verify that each of the following is an identity.

sin
tan

a.   sec

cos
b.   cos

sec

cot
csc

Transform the left side. Transform the left side.
sin
tan

  sec

cos
  cos

sec

cot
csc

sin
1 sin

cos
 cos

cos

  
 cos

sin

1
 cos

sec




sin2 1 sin

  
cos

cos
cos
sin2

  cos

sec

sin2  1 cos


cos

cos
sin2
 cos2


sec

cos2
cos


cos

cos
1

sec

cos
 cos
cos

sec
 sec

Exercises
Verify that each of the following is an identity.
sin
cot
1  cos3

1. 1  csc2
cos2
 csc2
2.     
1  cos
3 1  cos
sin

Lesson 14-4

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 855 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-4 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Verifying Trigonometric Identities

Transform Both Sides of an Equation The following techniques can be helpful in
verifying trigonometric identities.
• Substitute one or more basic identities to simplify an expression.
• Factor or multiply to simplify an expression.
• Multiply both numerator and denominator by the same trigonometric expression.
• Write each side of the identity in terms of sine and cosine only. Then simplify each side.

Example tan2
 1
Verify that 
sin
tan
sec
 1

sec2
 tan2
is an identity.
tan2
 1

sec2
 tan2

sin
tan
sec
 1
sec2
1 sin2


 2
  2

sin
1 cos cos
sin
   1
cos
cos

1

cos2
1  sin2



sin

2 cos2

 1
cos
2

1

cos2
cos2



sin2
 cos2


cos

2
cos2

1

1
sin2
 cos2

11
Exercises
Verify that each of the following is an identity.
tan2
sec

1. csc
sec
 cot
 tan
2.  
1  cos

2 cos

cos
cot
csc
csc2
 cot2

3.    4.   cot2
(1  cos2
)
sin
2 sin
sec
2 sec

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 856 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-4 Skills Practice

Verifying Trigonometric Identities
Verify that each of the following is an identity.
1. tan
cos
 sin
2. cot
tan
 1

1  sin2

3. csc
cos
 cot
4.   cos

cos

csc

5. (tan
)(1  sin2
)  sin
cos
6.   cot

2 sec

sin2

7.   tan2

cos2

8.   1  sin
Lesson 14-4
1  sin

2 1  sin

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 857 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-4 Practice
Verifying Trigonometric Identities
Verify that each of the following is an identity.
sin2
 cos2
cos2

1.   sec2
2.  1
2 cos
1  sin

2

3. (1  sin
)(1  sin
)  cos2
4. tan4
 2 tan2
 1  sec4

5. cos2
cot2
 cot2
 cos2
6. (sin2
)(csc2
 sec2
)  sec2

7. PROJECTILES The square of the initial velocity of an object launched from the ground is
2gh
v2  2 , where
is the angle between the ground and the initial path, h is the
sin

maximum height reached, and g is the acceleration due to gravity. Verify the identity
2gh 2gh sec2

   .
sin2
sec2
 1

8. LIGHT The intensity of a light source measured in candles is given by I  ER2 sec
,
where E is the illuminance in foot candles on a surface, R is the distance in feet from the
light source, and
is the angle between the light beam and a line perpendicular to the
surface. Verify the identity ER2(1  tan2
) cos
 ER2 sec
.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 858 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-4 Reading to Learn Mathematics

Verifying Trigonometric Identities
Pre-Activity How can you verify trigonometric identities?
Read the introduction to Lesson 14-4 at the top of page 782 in your textbook.
For
 , 0, or , sin
 sin 2
. Does this mean that sin
 sin 2
is an
identity? Explain your reasoning.

Reading the Lesson

1. Determine whether each equation is an identity or not an identity.
1 1
a.    1
sin

2 2 tan

cos

b. 
sin
tan

sin
cos

c.     cos
sin

cos
sin

d. cos2
(tan2
 1)  1

sin2

e.   sin
csc
 sec2

cos

2

1 1
f.     2 cos2

1  sin
1  sin

1
g. tan2
cos2
 
2 csc

sin
1 1
h.     
sec
tan
cot

Lesson 14-4
2. Which of the following is not permitted when verifying an identity?

A. simplifying one side of the identity to match the other side

B. cross multiplying if the identity is a proportion

C. simplifying each side of the identity separately to get the same expression on both sides

Helping You Remember

3. Many students have trouble knowing where to start in verifying a trigonometric identity.
What is a simple rule that you can remember that you can always use if you don’t see a
quicker approach?

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 859 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-4 Enrichment

Heron’s Formula
Heron’s formula can be used to find the area of a triangle if you know the
lengths of the three sides. Consider any triangle ABC. Let K represent the
area of ABC. Then
1
K  bc sin A B
2
b2c2 sin2 A
K 2   Square both sides. c
a
4

b2c2(1  cos2 A)
  A C
4
b
b2c2(1  cos A)(1  cos A)
 
4

b2c2
 b2  c2  a2
  1   1  
4 2bc  b2  c2  a2
2bc  Use the law of cosines.

bca bca abc abc

     Simplify.
2 2 2 2

abc bca acb abc

Let s  . Then s  a  , s  b  , s  c  .
2 2 2 2

K 2  s(s  a)(s  b)(s  c) Substitute.

K 

s(s  
a)(s 
b)(s 
c)

The area of ABC is

Heron’s Formula abc

s(s  a)(s  b)(s  c), where s  .
2

Use Heron’s formula to find the area of ABC.

1. a  3, b  4.4, c  7 2. a  8.2, b  10.3, c  9.5

3. a  31.3, b  92.0, c  67.9 4. a  0.54, b  1.32, c  0.78

5. a  321, b  178, c  298 6. a  0.05, b  0.08, c  0.04

7. a  21.5, b  33.0, c  41.7 8. a  2.08, b  9.13, c  8.99

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 860 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-5 Study Guide and Intervention

Sum and Difference of Angles Formulas
Sum and Difference Formulas The following formulas are useful for evaluating an
expression like sin 15
from the known values of sine and cosine of 60
and 45
.

Sum and The following identities hold true for all values of  and .
Difference cos ( )  cos  cos   sin  sin 
of Angles sin ( )  sin  cos  cos  sin 

Example Find the exact value of each expression.

a. cos 345
cos 345
 cos (300
 45
)
 cos 300
cos 45
 sin 300
sin 45


2

3

2

1
  
2 2
 
2   
2

2
 
6

 
4
b. sin (105)
sin (105
)  sin (45
 150
)
 sin 45
cos 150
 cos 45
sin 150


2

2

2 

3
2

2
 1

2

2
 
6

  
4

Exercises
Find the exact value of each expression.

1. sin 105
2. cos 285
3. cos (75
)

4. cos (165
) 5. sin 195
6. cos 420

7. sin (75
) 8. cos 135
9. cos (15
)

Lesson 14-5

10. sin 345
11. cos (105
) 12. sin 495

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 861 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-5 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Sum and Difference of Angles Formulas

Verify Identities You can also use the sum and difference of angles formulas to verify
identities.

3
Example 1

Verify that cos
 
sin
is an identity.
2
3
 
cos
 
sin

2
Original equation

3 3
cos
cos   sin
sin 
sin
Sum of Angles Formula
2 2
cos
0  sin
(1)
sin
Evaluate each expression.
sin
 sin
Simplify.


Example 2

Verify that sin
   cos (
 )
2 cos
is an identity.
2

 
sin
   cos (
 )
2 cos

2
Original equation

 
sin
cos   cos
sin   cos
cos   sin
sin 
2 cos
Sum and Difference of
2 2
Angles Formulas
sin
0  cos
1  cos
(1)  sin
0
2 cos
Evaluate each expression.
2 cos
 2 cos
Simplify.

Exercises
Verify that each of the following is an identity.

1. sin (90

)  cos

2. cos (270

)  sin

 23  
3. sin  
 cos
   sin

5
6 

 34 
4. cos  
 sin
   
2
 sin


4 

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 862 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-5 Skills Practice

Sum and Difference of Angles Formulas
Find the exact value of each expression.

1. sin 330
2. cos (165
) 3. sin (225
)

4. cos 135
5. sin (45)
6. cos 210

7. cos (135
) 8. sin 75
9. sin (195
)

Verify that each of the following is an identity.

10. sin (90

)  cos

11. sin (180

)  sin

12. cos (270

)  sin

13. cos (
 90
)  sin


 
14. sin
   cos

2

Lesson 14-5

15. cos ( 
)  cos

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 863 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-5 Practice
Sum and Difference of Angles Formulas
Find the exact value of each expression.

1. cos 75
2. cos 375
3. sin (165
)

4. sin (105
) 5. sin 150
6. cos 240

7. sin 225
8. sin (75
) 9. sin 195

Verify that each of the following is an identity.

10. cos (180

)  cos

11. sin (360

)  sin

12. sin (45

)  sin (45

) 
2

 sin

 
  
13. cos x    sin x    sin x
6 3 

14. SOLAR ENERGY On March 21, the maximum amount of solar energy that falls on a
square foot of ground at a certain location is given by E sin (90
 ), where  is the
latitude of the location and E is a constant. Use the difference of angles formula to find
the amount of solar energy, in terms of cos , for a location that has a latitude of .

ELECTRICITY In Exercises 15 and 16, use the following information.

In a certain circuit carrying alternating current, the formula i  2 sin (120t) can be used to
find the current i in amperes after t seconds.
15. Rewrite the formula using the sum of two angles.
16. Use the sum of angles formula to find the exact current at t  1 second.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 864 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-5 Reading to Learn Mathematics

Sum and Difference of Angles Formulas
Pre-Activity How are the sum and difference formulas used to describe
communication interference?
Read the introduction to Lesson 14-5 at the top of page 786 in your textbook.
Consider the functions y  sin x and y  2 sin x. Do the graphs of these two
functions have constructive interference or destructive interference?

Reading the Lesson

1. Match each expression from the list on the left with an expression from the list on the
right that is equal to it for all values of the variables. (Some of the expressions from the
list on the right may be used more than once or not at all.)

a. sin (  ) i. sin 

b. cos (  ) ii. sin  cos   cos  sin 

c. sin (180
 ) iii. cos 

d. sin (180
 ) iv. cos  cos   sin  sin 

e. cos (180
 ) v. sin  cos   cos  sin 

f. sin (  ) vi. cos  cos   sin  sin 

g. cos (90
 ) vii. sin 

h. cos (  ) viii. cos 

2. Which expressions are equal to sin 15
? (There may be more than one correct choice.)

A. sin 45
cos 30
 cos 45
sin 30
B. sin 45
cos 30
 cos 45
sin 30

C. sin 60
cos 45
 cos 60
sin 45
D. cos 60
cos 45
 sin 60
sin 45

Helping You Remember

3. Some students have trouble remembering which signs to use on the right-hand sides of
the sum and difference of angle formulas. What is an easy way to remember this?
Lesson 14-5

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 865 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-5 Enrichment

Identities for the Products of Sines and Cosines

By adding the identities for the sines of the sum and difference of the
measures of two angles, a new identity is obtained.

sin (  )  sin  cos   cos  sin 

sin (  )  sin  cos   cos  sin 
(i) sin (  )  sin (  )  2 sin  cos 

This new identity is useful for expressing certain products as sums.

Example Write sin 3
cos
as a sum.

In the identity let   3
and  
so that
2 sin 3
cos
 sin (3

)  sin (3

). Thus,
1 1
sin 3
cos
  sin 4
  sin 2
.
2 2
By subtracting the identities for sin (  ) and sin (  ),
a similar identity for expressing a product as a difference is obtained.

(ii) sin (  )  sin (  )  2 cos  sin 

Solve.
1. Use the identities for cos (  ) and cos (  ) to find identities
for expressing the products 2 cos  cos  and 2 sin  sin  as a sum
or difference.

2. Find the value of sin 105
cos 75
without using tables.

3. Express cos
sin  as a difference.
2

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 866 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-6 Study Guide and Intervention

Double-Angle and Half-Angle Formulas
Double-Angle Formulas

Lesson 14-6
The following identities hold true for all values of
.
Double-Angle sin 2
 2 sin
cos
cos 2
 cos2
 sin2

Formulas cos 2
 1  2 sin2

cos 2
 2 cos2
 1

Example Find the exact values of sin 2
and cos 2
if

9
sin

 and 180
270.
10
First, find the value of cos
.
cos2
 1  sin2
cos2
 sin2
 1
9 2
cos2
 1    10  sin
 
9
10
19
cos2
 
100

19
cos
  10

19

Since
is in the third quadrant, cos
is negative. Thus cos
  
10
.
To find sin 2
, use the identity sin 2
 2 sin
cos
.
sin 2
 2 sin
cos


19


 2   
10 10
9
 
9
19


50
9
19

The value of sin 2
is 
50
.
To find cos 2
, use the identity cos 2
 1  2 sin2
.
cos 2
 1  2 sin2

9 2
 1  2   10 
31
 .
50
31
The value of cos 2
is .
50

Exercises
Find the exact values of sin 2
and cos 2
for each of the following.
1 1
1. sin
 , 0

90
2. sin
 , 270

360

4 8

3 4
3. cos
 , 180

270
4. cos
 , 90

180

5 5

3 2
5. sin
 , 270

360
6. cos
 , 90

180

5 3

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 867 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-6 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Double-Angle and Half-Angle Formulas

Half-Angle Formulas
Half-Angle The following identities hold true for all values of .
Formulas 
sin  
2

1  cos 

2

cos  
2

1  cos 

2

Example  2
Find the exact value of sin  if sin 
 and 90  180.
2 3
First find cos .
cos2   1  sin2  cos2   sin2   1

 23 
2
cos2   1   sin   
2
3
5
cos2    Simplify.
9

5
cos   
3
Take the square root of each side.

5

Since  is in the second quadrant, cos    
3
.


sin  
2

1  cos 

2
Half-Angle formula

1  

3
5
  
5

 
2
cos    
3

3 
5

 
6
Simplify.




18  

6
5

Rationalize.
6
 
Since  is between 90
and 180
,  is between 45
and 90
. Thus sin  is positive and
2 2
equals  .


18  
6
5

6

Exercises
 
Find the exact value of sin  and cos  for each of the following.
2 2
3 4
1. cos   , 180
 270
2. cos   , 90
 180

5 5

3 2
3. sin   , 270
 360
4. cos   , 90
 180

5 3

Find the exact value of each expression by using the half-angle formulas.
1 7
5. cos 22
6. sin 67.5
7. cos 
2 8

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 868 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-6 Skills Practice

Double-Angle and Half-Angle Formulas



Find the exact values of sin 2
, cos 2
, sin , and cos  for each of the following.

Lesson 14-6
2 2
7 4
1. cos
 , 0

90
2. sin
 , 180

270

25 5

40 3
3. sin
 , 90

180
4. cos
 , 270

360

41 7

3 5
5. cos
 , 90

180
6. sin
 , 0

90

5 13

Find the exact value of each expression by using the half-angle formulas.
1
7. cos 22
8. sin 165

2


9. cos 105
10. sin 
8

15
11. sin  12. cos 75

8

Verify that each of the following is an identity.

2 tan

13. sin 2
  14. tan
 cot
 2 csc 2

2 1  tan

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 869 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-6 Practice
Double-Angle and Half-Angle Formulas



Find the exact values of sin 2
, cos 2
, sin , and cos  for each of the following.
2 2
5 8
1. cos
 , 0

90
2. sin
 , 90

180

13 17

1 2
3. cos
 , 270

360
4. sin
 , 180

270

4 3

Find the exact value of each expression by using the half-angle formulas.

5. tan 105
6. tan 15
7. cos 67.5
8. sin   8 

Verify that each of the following is an identity.

tan
 sin

9. sin2   
2 2 tan

10. sin 4
 4 cos 2
sin
cos

11. AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY In aerial photography, there is a reduction in film exposure for
any point X not directly below the camera. The reduction E
is given by E
 E0 cos4
,
where
is the angle between the perpendicular line from the camera to the ground and the
line from the camera to point X, and E0 is the exposure for the point directly below the
camera. Using the identity 2 sin2
 1  cos 2
, verify that E0 cos4
 E0    . 12 
cos 2
2
2

12. IMAGING A scanner takes thermal images from altitudes of 300 to 12,000 meters. The
width W of the swath covered by the image is given by W  2H tan
, where H is the
2H sin 2

height and
is half the scanner’s field of view. Verify that   2H tan
.
1  cos 2

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 870 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-6 Reading to Learn Mathematics

Double-Angle and Half-Angle Formulas
Pre-Activity How can trigonometric functions be used to describe music?

Lesson 14-6
Read the introduction to Lesson 14-6 at the top of page 791 in your textbook.
Suppose that the equation for the second harmonic is y  sin a
. Then what
would be the equations for the fundamental tone (first harmonic), third
harmonic, fourth harmonic, and fifth harmonic?

Reading the Lesson

1. Match each expression from the list on the left with all expressions from the list on the
right that are equal to it for all values of .

a. sin  i. 2 sin  cos 
2

b. cos 2 ii. 1  2 sin2 


c. cos  iii. cos2   sin2 
2

d. sin 2 iv.  1  cos 


2

v.  1  cos 

2

2. Determine whether you would use the positive or negative square root in the half-angle
 
identities for sin  and cos  in each of the following situations. (Do not actually
2 2
 
calculate sin  and cos .)
2 2
 2
a. sin , if cos    and  is in Quadrant I
2 5

b. cos , if cos   0.9 and  is in Quadrant II
2

c. cos , if sin   0.75 and  is in Quadrant III
2

d. sin , if sin   0.8 and  is in Quadrant IV
2

Helping You Remember

3. Many students find it difficult to remember a large number of identities. How can you
obtain all three of the identities for cos 2
by remembering only one of them and using a
Pythagorean identity?

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 871 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-6 Enrichment

Alternating Current
The figure at the right represents an alternating
current generator. A rectangular coil of wire is
suspended between the poles of a magnet. As the coil X
A
of wire is rotated, it passes through the magnetic field
B D
and generates current.
C
As point X on the coil passes through the points A and
C, its motion is along the direction of the magnetic
field between the poles. Therefore, no current is
generated. However, through points Band D, the
motion of X is perpendicular to the magnetic field. The maximum current may have a positive
This induces maximum current in the coil. Between A or negative value.
and B, B and C, C and D, and D and A, the current in
the coil will have an intermediate value. Thus, the i(amperes)
graph of the current of an alternating current B
generator is closely related to the sine curve.
t(seconds)
The actual current, i, in a household current is given A
by i  IM sin(120t  ) where IM is the maximum O C
value of the current, t is the elapsed time in seconds,
and  is the angle determined by the position of the
coil at time tn. D

Example 
If 
, find a value of t for which i
0.
2
If i  0, then IM sin (120t  )  0. i  IM sin(120t  )

Since IM  0, sin(120t  )  0. If ab  0 and a  0, then b  0.

Let 120t    s. Thus, sin s  0.

s   because sin   0.
120t     Substitute 120t   for s.
 
120t     Substitute  for .
2 2
1
  Solve for t.
240
This solution is the first positive value of t that satisfies the problem.

Using the equation for the actual current in a household circuit,

i
IM sin(120t  ), solve each problem. For each problem, find the
first positive value of t.

1. If   0, find a value of t for 2. If   0, find a value of t for which

which i  0. i  IM.

 
3. If   , find a value of t for which 4. If   , find a value of t for which
2 4
i  IM. i  0.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 872 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-7 Study Guide and Intervention

Solving Trigonometric Equations
Solve Trigonometric Equations You can use trigonometric identities to solve
trigonometric equations, which are true for only certain values of the variable.

Example 1 Find all solutions of Example 2 Solve sin 2
 cos

0

4 sin2
 1
0 for the interval for all values of
. Give your answer in
0
360. both radians and degrees.
4 sin2
 1  0 sin 2
 cos
 0
4 sin2
 1 2 sin
cos
 cos
 0

Lesson 14-7
sin2
 
1 cos
(2 sin
 1)  0
4
1
cos
 0 or 2 sin
 1  0
sin
  1
2 sin
 
2

 30
, 150
, 210
, 330


 90
 k 180
;
 210
 k 360
,


   k  330
 k 360
;
2 7

   k 2,
6
11
  k 2
6

Exercises
Find all solutions of each equation for the given interval.

1. 2 cos2
 cos
 1, 0 
2 2. sin2
cos2
 0, 0 
2

3

3. cos 2
 
2
, 0

360
4. 2 sin

3
  0, 0 
2

Solve each equation for all values of
if
is measured in radians.

5. 4 sin2
 3  0 6. 2 cos
sin
 cos
 0

Solve each equation for all values of
if
is measured in degrees.

1
7. cos 2
 sin2
  8. tan 2
 1

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 873 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-7 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Solving Trigonometric Equations

Use Trigonometric Equations

Example LIGHT Snell’s law says that sin 
1.33 sin , where  is the angle
at which a beam of light enters water and  is the angle at which the beam travels
through the water. If a beam of light enters water at 42, at what angle does the
light travel through the water?
sin   1.33 sin  Original equation
sin 42
 1.33 sin    42

sin 42

sin    Divide each side by 1.33.
1.33
sin  0.5031 Use a calculator.
 30.2
Take the arcsin of each side.

The light travels through the water at an angle of approximately 30.2
.

Exercises
1. A 6-foot pipe is propped on a 3-foot tall packing crate that sits on level ground. One foot
of the pipe extends above the top of the crate and the other end rests on the ground.
What angle does the pipe form with the ground?

2. At 1:00 P.M. one afternoon a 180-foot statue casts a shadow that is 85 feet long. Write an
equation to find the angle of elevation of the Sun at that time. Find the angle of
elevation.

3. A conveyor belt is set up to carry packages from the ground into a window 28 feet above
the ground. The angle that the conveyor belt forms with the ground is 35
. How long is
the conveyor belt from the ground to the window sill?

SPORTS The distance a golf ball travels can be found using the formula
v 2
d

0
sin 2
, where v0 is the initial velocity of the ball, g is the acceleration due
g
to gravity (which is 32 feet per second squared), and
is the angle that the path of
the ball makes with the ground.

4. How far will a ball travel hit 90 feet per second at an angle of 55
?

5. If a ball that traveled 300 feet had an initial velocity of 110 feet per second, what angle
did the path of the ball make with the ground?

6. Some children set up a teepee in the woods. The poles are 7 feet long from their
intersection to their bases, and the children want the distance between the poles to be
4 feet at the base. How wide must the angle be between the poles?

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 874 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-7 Skills Practice

Solving Trigonometric Equations
Find all solutions of each equation for the given interval.

2

1. sin
 
2
, 0

360
2. 2 cos
 
3
, 90

180

3. tan2
 1, 180

360
4. 2 sin
 1, 0 


5. sin2
 sin
 0,  
2 6. 2 cos2
 cos
 0, 0 


Lesson 14-7
Solve each equation for all values of
if
is measured in radians.

7. 2 cos2
 cos
 1 8. sin2
 2 sin
 1  0

9. sin
 sin
cos
 0 10. sin2
 1

1
11. 4 cos
 1  2 cos
12. tan
cos
 
2

Solve each equation for all values of
if
is measured in degrees.

13. 2 sin
 1  0 14. 2 cos

3

0

15.
2
 sin
 1  0 16. 2 cos2
 1

17. 4 sin2
 3 18. cos 2
 1

Solve each equation for all values of
.

19. 3 cos2
 sin2
 0 20. sin
 sin 2
 0

21. 2 sin2
 sin
 1 22. cos
 sec
 2

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 875 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-7 Practice
Solving Trigonometric Equations
Find all solutions of each equation for the given interval.

1. sin 2
 cos
, 90

180
2.
2

 cos
 sin 2
, 0

360

3. cos 4
 cos 2
, 180

360
4. cos
 cos (90 
)  0, 0 
2

3 
5. 2  cos
 2 sin2
,  
  6. tan2
 sec
 1,  

2 2

Solve each equation for all values of
if
is measured in radians.

7. cos2
 sin2
8. cot
 cot3

9.
2
 sin3
 sin2
10. cos2
sin
 sin

11. 2 cos 2
 1  2 sin2
12. sec2
 2

Solve each equation for all values of
if
is measured in degrees.

13. sin2
cos
 cos
14. csc2
 3 csc
 2  0

3
15.   4(1  cos
) 16.
2
 cos2
 cos2

1  cos

Solve each equation for all values of
.

17. 4 sin2
 3 18. 4 sin2
 1  0

19. 2 sin2
 3 sin
 1 20. cos 2
 sin
 1  0

21. WAVES Waves are causing a buoy to float in a regular pattern in the water. The vertical
position of the buoy can be described by the equation h  2 sin x. Write an expression
that describes the position of the buoy when its height is at its midline.

22. ELECTRICITY The electric current in a certain circuit with an alternating current can
be described by the formula i  3 sin 240t, where i is the current in amperes and t is the
time in seconds. Write an expression that describes the times at which there is no
current.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 876 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-7 Reading to Learn Mathematics

Solving Trigonometric Equations
Pre-Activity How can trigonometric equations be used to predict temperature?
Read the introduction to Lesson 14-7 at the top of page 799 in your textbook.
Describe how you could use a graphing calculator to determine the months in
which the average daily high temperature is above 80
F. (Assume that x  1
represents January.) Specify the graphing window that you would use.

Lesson 14-7
Reading the Lesson
1. Identify which equations have no solution.
1
A. sin
 1 B. tan
 0.001 C. sec
 
2
D. csc
 3 E. cos
 1.01 F. cot
 1000

G. cos
 2  1 H. sec
 1.5  0 I. sin
 0.009  0.99

2. Use a trigonometric identity to write the first step in the solution of each trigonometric
equation. (Do not complete the solution.)

a. tan
 cos2
 sin2
, 0 
2

b. sin2
 2 sin
 1  0, 0

360

c. cos 2
 sin
, 0

360

d. sin 2
 cos
, 0 
2

e. 2 cos 2
 3 cos
 1, 0

360

f. 3 tan2
 5 tan
 2  0

Helping You Remember

3. A good way to remember something is to explain it to someone else. How would you
explain to a friend the difference between verifying a trigonometric identity and solving
a trigonometric equation.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 877 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-7 Enrichment

Families of Curves
Use these graphs for the problems below.

The Family y xn The Family y emx

y n=2 n=1 y
1.8

1.6 4
n = 1–2
1.4

1.2 3
1.0

0.8 2
0.6

0.4

0.2

O 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 x –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 x

1. Use the graph on the left to describe the relationship among the curves
1

y  x 2 , y  x 1, and y  x 2.

1
1 1 
2. Graph y  x n for n  , , 4, and 10 on the grid with y  x 2 , y  x 1, and
10 4
y  x 2.

3. Which two regions in the first quadrant contain no points of the graphs
of the family for y  x n?

4. On the right grid, graph the members of the family y  e mx for which
m  1 and m  1.

5. Describe the relationship among these two curves and the y-axis.

1 1
6. Graph y  e mx for m  0, , , 2, and 4.
4 2

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 878 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME DATE PERIOD

14 Chapter 14 Test, Form 1 SCORE

Write the letter for the correct answer in the blank at the right of each question.
1. Which equation is graphed? 4
y

A. y
4 sin
B. y
4 cos

2
C. y
sin 4
D. y
cos 4
270
1.
O
90 180 360
2

2. Find the amplitude of y
6 sin
.

A. 6 B.  C. 6 D. 2 2.

3. Find the period of y
5 cos
.

A. 5 B. 5 C.  D. 2 3.

4. Which equation is graphed? y

Assessment
A. y
sin (
 30) 2
B. y
sin (
 30) 180
O
C. y
cos (
 30) 90 270 360
2
D. y
cos (
 30) 4.

5. Which equation is graphed? y

2
A. y
cos
 2 B. y
cos
 2
C. y
sin
 2 D. y
sin
 2 O 2
y 1 5.

y 2
4 y 3

6. Find sin
if cos

1 and 0 
 90.

2

3
3
A.  B.  C. 3 D. 1 6.
2 2 4 2

7. Find cot
if tan

1 and 0 
 90.

3

A. 4 B. 3 C. 3 D. 1 7.
3

8. Simplify sin
csc
.

A. sin2
B. 1 C. tan
D. 1 8.

9. Simplify tan
cos
.

cos2

A.   B. cot
C. sin
D. 1  sec2
9.
sin

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 879 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME DATE PERIOD

14 Chapter 14 Test, Form 1 (continued)

10. Simplify cot
sec
.

cos

A.   B. sin
C. csc
D. sec2
10.
sin

2

sin2
 cos2

11. Which expression is equivalent to   ?
2 tan

A. cot2
B. cos2
 cot2
C. cos2
 cos4
D. csc2
11.

12. Which expression is equivalent to csc
(csc
 sin
)?

A. sec2
 1 B. cot2
C. tan2
D. 1 12.

13. Find the exact value of cos 135.

2

A.  B. 1 C. 1 D. 
2
13.
2 2 2 2

14. Find the exact value of sin 105.

2  
6

2   
6

2 
A.  B. 0 C.   D.   14.
2 4 4

15. Which expression is equivalent to sin (90 
)?

A. sin
B. sin
C. cos
D. cos
15.

16. Find the exact value of cos 2
if cos

5 and 0 
 90.
13
25 120 119 119
A.   B.   C.   D.   16.
169 169 16 9 16 9

17. Find the exact value of sin 2
if sin

4 and 0 
 90.
5
24 12 24
A.   B.   C.   D. 7 17.
25 25 5 25

18. Find the exact value of cos 221 by using a half-angle formula.
2


2 
2
A.  

2 
2
B.  

2 
2
C.   

2 
2
D.    18.

19. Which is not a solution of sin 2

1?

A. 90 B. 45 C. 225 D. 135 19.

20. LIGHT The length of the shadow S given by a tower that is 100 meters
100
high is S
, where
is the angle of inclination of the Sun. If the
tan

angle of inclination is 45, find the length of the shadow.
A. 162 m B. 62 m C. 100 m D. 84 m 20.

1  tan

Bonus Verify that  
sec
 sin
sec2
is an identity. B:
cos

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 880 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME DATE PERIOD

14 Chapter 14 Test, Form 2A SCORE

Write the letter for the correct answer in the blank at the right of each question.
1. Which equation is graphed? 4
y

A. y
4 sin 3
B. y
4 cos 3
2

2 2
C. y
4 sin 2
D. y
4 cos 2
O 1.
3 3 2
2

4
2. Find the amplitude of y
8 sin 2
.
A. 2 B.  C. 8 D. 4 2.

3. Find the period of y
tan 3
.

2
A.   B.  C. 3 D. 6 3.
3 3

4. Which equation is graphed? y

Assessment
A. y
sin (
 )
4  4
B. y
sin
 
2
O
2


C. y
cos
 
4  D. y
cos 
 4 2
4.

2
5. Find the phase shift of y
cos
  
 .
5 
A.  2
B.   C.  2
D.   5.
5 5 5 5

6. Which equation is graphed? y

7 y 6
A. y
4 sin
 2
B. y
4 sin
 2 4
y 2
C. y
4 cos
 2 3

D. y
4 cos
 2 1 6.
O
1 2

3 y 2

7. Find the vertical shift of y
3 csc
 5.

A. 3 B. 5 C. 5 D. 3 7.

8. Find csc
if cot

1 and 90 
 180.

3

2
2 
2
2
10

10

A.   B.  C.  D.   8.
3 3 3 3

9. Find sin
if cos

2 and 90 
 180.

3

5

5

13

13

A.   B.  C.   D.  9.
3 3 3 3

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 881 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME DATE PERIOD

14 Chapter 14 Test, Form 2A (continued)

1  cos2

10. Simplify   .
2 tan

A. cos2
B. sec2
C. cos2
D. sin2
10.

11. Simplify 5(cot2
 csc2
).

A. 5 B. 5 C. 5 csc2
D. 5 sec2
11.

12. Which expression is not equivalent to 1?

sin
2
A. sin2
 cot2
sin2
B.    cos

1  cos

cot2
sin2

C. sec2
 tan2
D.   12.
cos2

sec

13. Which expression is equivalent to tan
  ?
sin

A. cot
B. cot
C. tan
 cot
D. tan
 sec2
13.

14. Find the exact value of cos 375.

 
2

6   
2

6   
6

2   
6

2 
A.   B.   C.   D.   14.
4 4 4 4


15. Which expression is equivalent to cos
  ?
2 
A. cos
B. cos
C. sin
D. sin
15.

5
16. Find the exact value of sin 2
if cos

 and 180 
 270.
3
4
5 4
5

A. 1 B.  C. 1 D.  16.
9 9 9 9

17. Find the exact value of sin 
 if cos

2 and 270 
 360.
2 3



A. 1 B. 1 C. 
6
D. 
6
17.
3 3 6 6

18. Find the exact value of cos 105 by using a half-angle formula.


2 
3
A.  

2 
3
B.   

2 
3
C.   

2 
3
D.   18.

19. Find the solutions of sin 2

cos
if 0 
 180.

A. 30, 90 B. 30, 150 C. 30, 90, 150 D. 0, 90, 150 19.

20. BIOLOGY An insect population P in a certain area fluctuates with the

seasons. It is estimated that P
17,000  4500 sin t , where t is given in
52
weeks. Determine the number of weeks it would take for the population to
initially reach 20,000.
A. 12 weeks B. 692 weeks C. 38 weeks D. 42 weeks 20.

1  cot

Bonus Verify that  
sin
 cos
is an identity. B:
csc

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 882 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME DATE PERIOD

14 Chapter 14 Test, Form 2B SCORE

Write the letter for the correct answer in the blank at the right of each question.
1. Which equation is graphed? y

A. y
3 sin 2
B. y
3 cos 2

2
3 3
C. y
2 sin 3
D. y
2 cos 3
O
2 1.
2 2 2

2. Find the amplitude of y
6 cos 4
.

A. 3 B. 6 C. 4 D.  2.
2 2

3. Find the period of y
tan 5
.

2
A. 10 B.   C. 5 D.  3.
5 5

4. Which equation is graphed? y

 4
A. y
sin
   4
B. y
cos
 

Assessment
2

C. y
sin 
  D. y
cos 
  O

2 4.
4 4 2

3
5. Find the phase shift of y
sin
   . 4 
3 3 4 4
A.   B.   C.   D.   5.
4 4 3 3
y
6. Which equation is graphed? 1
y 1
A. y
2 sin
 3 B. y
2 sin
 3 O 2
y 3
C. y
3 cos
 2 D. y
3 cos
 2 2 6.

7. Find the vertical shift of y
4 sec
 7.

A. 4 B. 7 6
y 5
C. 7 D. 4 7.

8. Find sec
if tan

1 and 180 
 270.

4

15


15
17

17

A.  B.  C.  D.  8.
4 4 4 4

9. Find cos
if sin

3 and 90 
 180.

5

34

34

A. 4 B. 4 C.  D.  9.
5 5 5 5

1  csc2

10. Simplify   .
2 cot

A. 1 B. 1 C. tan2
D. 1 10.
sin

4

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 883 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME DATE PERIOD

14 Chapter 14 Test, Form 2B (continued)

11. Simplify 4(sec2
 tan2
).

A. 4 tan2
B. 4 tan2
C. 4 D. 4 11.

12. Which expression is equivalent to 1?

1  sin

A.   B. 1  1
sin
sec

2 2 csc

cot
csc

C. tan2
 sec2
D.   12.
sec

sin
sin

13. Which expression is equivalent to    ?
1  cos
1  cos

2 sin

A.   B. 2 sin
C. 2 csc
D. 2 csc
13.
1  cos

2

14. Find the exact value of sin (15).

 
2

6   
2

6  
6
 
2
 
6
 
2

A.   B.   C.   D.   14.
4 4 4 4


15. Which expression is equivalent to sin
  ?
2 

A. cos
 
2  B. cos
C. sin
D. cos
15.

16. Find the exact value of cos 2
if sin

2 and 180 
 270.
3
4
5
 4
5

A. 1 B.  C. 1 D.  16.
9 9 9 9

17. Find the exact value of cos 
 if sin

1 and 0 
 90.
2 4

15
A. 



B. 15


8  2
15
C.  

4 
15
D.   17.
4 4

18. Find the exact value of sin 105 by using a half-angle formula.


2 
3
A.  

2 
3
B.  

2 
3
C.   

2 
3
D.    18.

19. Find the solutions of 3 sin

2 cos2
if 0 
 360.

A. 30, 150 B. 30, 120 C. 30, 330 D. 150, 330 19.

20. BIOLOGY An insect population P in a certain area fluctuates with

the seasons. It is estimated that P
15,000  2500 sin t , where t is given
52
in weeks. Determine the number of weeks it would take for the population
to initially reach 16,000.
A. 21 weeks B. 24 weeks C. 109 weeks D. 7 weeks 20.

Bonus Verify that 1  csc2
tan2

2  tan2
is an identity. B:

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 884 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME DATE PERIOD

14 Chapter 14 Test, Form 2C SCORE

1. Graph the function y
3 cos 2
. 1. y

2 2

O 2
1

For Questions 2 and 3, find the amplitude, if it exists, and

period of each function.
2. y
3 sin 4
2.

3. y
1 tan 1
3.

2 5

Assessment

2
4. State the phase shift of y
cos
  
 . Then graph the
3
4.
function. y

O
2
2

5. State the vertical shift and the equation of the midline for 5.
y
3 cos
 2. Then graph the function. y

O
2

6. Find sec
if sin

3 and 0 
 90. 6.

5

7. Find cot
if csc

5 and 270 
 360. 7.

2

cos
csc

8. Simplify  . 8.
cot

1  cos2

9. Simplify   . 9.
cos

2

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 885 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME DATE PERIOD

14 Chapter 14 Test, Form 2C (continued)

10. Verify that (cos
 sin
)2  2 cos
sin

1 is an identity. 10.

1  cot

11. Verify that  
sin
 cos
is an identity. 11.
csc

12. Find the exact value of sin (195). 12.

13. Find the exact value of cos 255. 13.

 
14. Verify that sin
 
cos
is an identity.
2
14.

15. Find the exact value of sin 2
if cos

1 and 15.
4
270 
 360.

16. Find the exact value of cos 
 if sin

1 and 90 
 180. 16.
2 3

17. Find the exact value of sin 195 by using a half-angle 17.
formula.

2 cot

18. Verify that sin 2

  is an identity. 18.
csc

2

19. Solve cos 2
 cos

0 for all values of
if
is measured 19.

in degrees.

20. BUSINESS The profit P for a product whose sales fluctuate 20.
with the seasons is estimated to be P
14  5 sin t ,
52
where t is given in weeks and P is in thousands of dollars.
Determine the number of weeks it would take for the profit
to initially reach $18,000.


Bonus Find cos 2
if sin 


2 
3

. B:
2 2

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 886 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME DATE PERIOD

14 Chapter 14 Test, Form 2D SCORE

1. Graph y
5 sin 2
. 1. y

2
2

O
2
2

For Questions 2 and 3, find the amplitude, if it exists, and

period of each function.
2. y
2 sin 3
2.

3. y
1 tan 1
3.

3 4

 2
4. State the phase shift of y
sin
  
 . Then graph the 4.

Assessment
3
function. y

O
2
2

5. State the vertical shift and the equation of the midline for 5.
y
3 cos
 1. Then graph the function. y

O
2

6. Find csc
if cos

1 and 90 
 180. 6.

3

7. Find tan
if sec

5 and 270 
 360. 7.

2

csc
tan

8. Simplify  . 8.
sec

1  sec2

9. Simplify   . 9.
sin

2

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 887 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME DATE PERIOD

14 Chapter 14 Test, Form 2D (continued)

10. Verify that cos2
sec2
 cos2
 sin2

0 is an identity. 10.

tan
 sec
sin
 1

11. Verify that  
 is an identity. 11.
cot
sec
cot

12. Find the exact value of sin 165. 12.

13. Find the exact value of cos (345). 13.

 
14. Verify that cos
 
sin
is an identity.
2
14.

15. Find the exact value of cos 2
if cos

1 and 15.
4
270 
 360.

16. Find the exact value of sin 
 if sin

1 and 90 
 180. 16.
2 3

17. Find the exact value of cos 195 by using a half-angle 17.
formula.

18. Verify that cos 2

sin2
(2 cot2
 csc2
) is an identity. 18.

19. Solve sin 2
 sin

0 for all values of
if
is measured 19.

in degrees.

20. BUSINESS The profit P for a product whose sales fluctuate 20.
with the seasons is estimated to be P
16  7 sin t ,
52
where t is given in weeks and P is in thousands of dollars.
Determine the number of weeks it would take for the profit
to initially reach $20,000.

2
Bonus Find cos 2
if cos 


2
. B:
2

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 888 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME DATE PERIOD

14 Chapter 14 Test, Form 3 SCORE

1. Graph 1y
3 csc 1
. 1. y

2 4 2

Find the amplitude, if it exists, and period of each

function.

2. 5y
2 cos 4
3. 1y
3 tan 1
2.

3 4 8 5
3.

For Questions 4 and 5, state the vertical shift, amplitude,

period, and phase shift of each function. Then graph the
function.

Assessment
4. y
2 tan (2
 90)  3 4.
y

2 
5. y
3  3 cos 2
 
4  5.
y

6. Find sec
if sin

1 and 90 
 180. 6.

4

7. Find tan
if sec

4 and 270 
 360. 7.

3

cot2
 cos2

8. Simplify  2  . 8.
cot
cos

2

csc2
 1
9. Verify that  
cot
csc
is an identity. 9.
cot
sin

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 889 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME DATE PERIOD

14 Chapter 14 Test, Form 3 (continued)

2 sin
 12
10. Verify that 1  cot4

  is an identity. 10.
4sin

11. Find the exact value of cos 75  cos 15. 11.

12. Find the exact value of sin 105  sin 225. 12.

 4 
13. Verify that sin
   cos
 
3



2
 cos

4  13.
is an identity.

14. Verify that

[sin (  )]2

2  tan  cot   cot  tan  14.
sin  cos  sin  cos 
is an identity.

15. Find the exact value of sin 2
if cos

3 and 15.
8
270 
 360.

16. Find the exact value of cos 
 if sin



13
 and 16.
2 16
180 
 270.

17
17. Find the exact value of cos   by using half-angle formulas. 17.
12

sin2
 cos
 1
18. Verify that sin2 

 2 cos

is an identity. 18.
2

19. Solve sin 
  cos

0 for all values of
if
is measured in 19.
2
radians.

20. WAVES For a short time after a wave is created by a boat, 20.
2t
its height can be modeled by y
1h  1h sin  , where
2 2 P
h is the maximum height of the wave in feet, P is the period
in seconds, and t is the propagation of the wave in seconds.
If a wave has a maximum height of 3.2 feet and a period of
2.5 seconds, how long after its creation will the wave
initially reach a height of 3 feet? Round to the nearest
hundredth.

sin 2
 cos 2

Bonus Find the exact value of 

if sin

3 and B:
sin  5
2
180 
 270.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 890 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME DATE PERIOD

14 Chapter 14 Open-Ended Assessment SCORE

Demonstrate your knowledge by giving a clear, concise solution

to each problem. Be sure to include all relevant drawings and
justify your answers. You may show your solutions in more than
one way or investigate beyond the requirements of the problem.
1. Ms. Rollins divided her students into four groups, asking each to
solve the equation sin
cot

cos2
. The answers given were:
Group A: 0  k 360, 90  k 360, 270  k 360
Group B: 0  k 360, 90  k 180
Group C: 90  k 180
Group D: 90  k 360, 270  k 360
Do any of the groups have the correct solution? Explain your
reasoning.

2. Write a trigonometric function that has no amplitude, a period of


, a phase shift to the left, and a vertical shift upward. Then
2
graph your function for 0 
 2.

Assessment
y
5
4
3
2
1
O
1 2
2
3

3. Show two different methods of verifying that

1

tan2
 1 is a trigonometric identity.
1  sin2

4. Select a quadrant, other than Quadrant I, and values for p

p
and q so that sin

. Use your values of p and q to find the
q
exact values of cos
, tan
, csc
, sec
, cot
, sin 2
, cos 2
,
sin 
, and cos 
.
2 2

5. Show how to find the exact value of sin 240 by each method
indicated.
a. using a sum of angles formula
b. using a difference of angles formula
c. using a double-angle formula
d. using a half-angle formula

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 891 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME DATE PERIOD

14 Chapter 14 Vocabulary Test/Review SCORE

amplitude half-angle formula phase shift trigonometric identity

double-angle formula midline trigonometric equation vertical shift

Tell whether each sentence is true or false. If false, replace the

underlined word or words to make a true sentence.

 
1. For the graph of y
3 sin x   , the vertical shift is 3.
2
1.

2. For the graph of y
2 cos (x  45)  5, the phase shift is 5. 2.

 
3. For the graph of y
3 sin x    2, the line y
2 is the
6
3.
amplitude.

4. sin2
 cos2

1 is a(n) trigonometric identity. 4.

5. The exact value of sin 15 can be found by using a(n) 5.

phase shift.

6. cos 2

cos2
 sin2
is a(n) double-angle formula. 6.

7. 2 cos2
 cos
 1
0 is a(n) trigonometric equation. 7.

In your own words—

Define the term.
8. phase shift

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 892 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME DATE PERIOD

14 Chapter 14 Quiz SCORE

(Lessons 14–1 and 14–2)

For Questions 1 and 2, find the amplitude, if it exists, and

period of each function. Then graph the function.

1. y
1 cos
1.
2
y

O
90 180 270 360
1

2. y
tan 2
2.
y

O 3

Assessment
4 2 4
2


3. State the phase shift of y
sin
  .
4  3.

4. State the vertical shift and the equation of the midline for 4.
y
4 cos
 2.

NAME DATE PERIOD

14 Chapter 14 Quiz SCORE

(Lessons 14–3 and 14–4)

For Questions 1 and 2, find the value of each expression.

1. cos
, if sin

1; 90 
 180 1.

2

2. cot
, if tan

2; 180 
 270 2.

3. Simplify 4(tan2
 sec2
). 3.

1  tan2

4. Simplify  . 4.
2 csc

sec
 1
5. Standardized Test Practice 
5.
2 tan

cos
sin
sin2

A.   B.   C.  D. 1
cos
 1 sin
 1 sin
 1

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 893 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME DATE PERIOD

14 Chapter 14 Quiz SCORE

(Lessons 14–5 and 14–6)

Find the exact value of each expression.

1.
1. sin 75 2. cos (225)

3. tan 210 2.

Verify that each is an identity. 3.

2 
4. sin  

cos
4.

5. cos (180 
)
cos
5.

For Questions 6–8, find the exact value for each.

6. cos 2
, if cos

2; 90 
 180 6.

5

7. sin 2
, if sin

4; 270 
 360 7.

9

8. cos 
, if sin

2; 180 
 270 8.

2 5

9. Find the exact value of cos 1121 by using a half-angle 9.

2
formula.

10. Verify that cos 2

1  sin 2
tan
is an identity. 10.

NAME DATE PERIOD

14 Chapter 14 Quiz SCORE

(Lesson 14–7)

1. Find all solutions for sin

cos 2
if 0 
 360. 1.

2. Find all solutions for 4 cos2

1 if 0 
 2. 2.

3. Solve cos 2

cos
for all values of
if
is measured in 3.

degrees.

4. Solve cos 2

3 sin
 1 for all values of
if
is measured 4.

in radians.

5. LIGHT The length of the shadow s cast by a 40-foot tree 5.

depends on the angle of inclination of the sun,
. Express s
as a function of
. Then find the angle of inclination that
produces a shadow 30 feet long.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 894 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME DATE PERIOD

14 Chapter 14 Mid-Chapter Test SCORE

(Lessons 14–1 through 14–4)

Part I For Questions 1–5, write the letter for the correct answer in the blank at
the right of each question. y

Use the graph shown at the right. 4

1. Find the period of the function. 2

A. 4 B. 2
O
C.  D. 2 2 1.
2

2. Find the amplitude of the function. 4

A. 4 B. 8
C.  D.  2.
4

For Questions 3 and 4, use the graph shown

at the right. y y 3
4
3. Find the phase shift of the function. 2
y 1

Assessment
A.  B.  y 1
4 4 O
C. 1 D. 2 2 3.
2

4. Find the vertical shift of the function.

A. 1 B. 2 C.  D.  4.
4 4
1  sin2
sec2

5. Which expression is equivalent to    cos2
?
2 sec

A. 1 B. csc2
C. sin2
D. 2 cos2
5.
y
Part II
1
6. Graph the function y
1 cos 4
. 6.
2
O
2
1

7. Find the amplitude, if it exists, and period of the function 7.

y
2 tan 4
.

8. Find sin
if cos

3 and 0 
 90. 8.

4

cos2
 sin2

9. Simplify  . 9.
sec

cot
sec

10. Simplify  . 10.
csc

csc2
 cot2

11. Verify that  
tan
is an identity. 11.
cot

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 895 Glencoe Algebra 2
 NAME DATE PERIOD

14 Chapter 14 Cumulative Review

(Chapters 1–14)

1. Solve 5   2x  1   10 and graph its solution set. (Lesson 1-6) 1.

4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4

2. Use long division to find (x3  4x2  12x  25) (x  1). 2.

(Lesson 5-3)

3. Write 13n4
52n2 in quadratic form, if possible. 3.

Then solve. (Lesson 7-3)

4. Express log820 in terms of common logarithms. Then 4.

approximate its value to four decimal places. (Lesson 10-4)

5. Find a1 in a geometric series for which Sn
315, r
2, and 5.

an
168. (Lesson 11-4)

6. From a group of 5 students and 3 faculty members, a 6.

committee of 3 is selected. Find the probability that all 3
are students or all 3 are faculty. (Lesson 12-5)

7. Six coins are tossed. Find P(at least 4 tails). (Lesson 12-8) 7.

8. Find one angle with positive measure and one angle with 8.
7
negative measure coterminal with  . (Lesson 13-2)
11

9. Find the exact value of sin 120. (Lesson 13-3) 9.


3
10. P   1

,  is located on the unit circle. Find sin
and
2 2
10.
cos
. (Lesson 13-6)

11. Find the amplitude, if it exists, and period of the function 11.
y
2 cos 1
. (Lesson 14-1)
3

12
12. Find tan
if cos

  and 270 
 360. (Lesson 14-3) 12.
13

13. Find the exact value of sin 
 if sin

3 and 13.
2 7
180 
 270. (Lesson 14-6)

14. Solve cos2
sin

sin
for all values of
if
is measured 14.
in radians. (Lesson 14-7)

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 896 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME DATE PERIOD

14 Standardized Test Practice

(Chapters 1–14)

Part 1: Multiple Choice

Instructions: Fill in the appropriate oval for the best answer.

For Questions 1 and 2, use the bar graph Romance Mtn.

that shows the height, to the nearest Mt. Abraham

hundred feet, of five mountains in Vermont’s Gillespie Mtn.
Green Mountain National Forest. Robert Frost Mtn.
Bread Loaf Mtn.
1. What is the difference in height between the
highest and lowest of the given mountains? 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42
Height (100 feet)
A. 16 ft B. 160 ft
C. 1600 ft D. 16,000 ft 1. A B C D

2. What is the mean height of the given mountains?

E. 3200 ft F. 32.6 ft G. 3260 ft H. 320 ft 2. E F G H

3. If x
10 and yz
12, then xz
_____.

Assessment
y

A. 5 B. 6 C. 22 D. 120 3. A B C D

6 5

4. A tank that holds 500 gallons of water is filled at a rate of

4.5 gallons per minute. How long, to the nearest minute, will it
take the tank to fill if it already contains 325 gallons of water?
E. 788 min F. 39 min G. 111 min H. 4 min 4. E F G H

5. In the figure, the ratio of AC to CB is 12:5. If A

the area of triangle ABC is 120 cm2, then
AB
________.
A. 26 cm B. 10 cm
C. 104 cm D. 24 cm 5. A B C D

B C
6. Line
passes through the points (3, 5) and
(2, 10). Which point does not lie on line
?

E. (0, 4) F. (3, 13) 3 

G. 1, 1 H. (1, 1) 6. E F G H

7. The number 5610 is divisible by which of the following?

I. 3 II. 6 III. 15

A. I only B. I and II only

C. I and III only D. I, II, and III 7. A B C D

8. In the figure, the length of arc AB is 8.

A
What is the length of a radius of circle O?
E. 24 F. 48 60˚
O
G. 2
6  H. 24 B 8. E F G H

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 897 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME DATE PERIOD

14 Standardized Test Practice (continued)

Part 2: Grid In
Instructions: Enter your answer by writing each digit of the answer in a column box
and then shading in the appropriate oval that corresponds to that entry.

9. The probability of randomly selecting a white 9. 10.

marble from a bag is 1. The probability of / / / /
10 . . . . . . . .

randomly selecting a red marble is 3. If the bag 0 0 0 0 0 0

5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
also contains 9 blue marbles, what is the total 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
number of marbles in the bag? 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
10. If the mean of x, x  2, 3x  2, x  7, 2x  1, 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

2x  1, and x  3 is 14, what is the mode? 8

9
8
9
8
9
8
9
8
9
8
9
8
9
8
9

11. Find the value of n in 11. 12.

the figure if
 m.
/ / / /
n˚ . . . . . . . .
110˚ 3n˚
m 1
0
1
0
1
0
1 1
0
1
0
1
0
1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
12. Catherine purchased a hammer for $12, a 4
5
4
5
4
5
4
5
4
5
4
5
4
5
4
5
rake for $17, and a shovel for $26 at a local 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

hardware store. If the state sales tax rate is 7

8
7
8
7
8
7
8
7
8
7
8
7
8
7
8
6%, how much change did Catherine receive 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

from the $60 she gave to the cashier?

Part 3: Quantitative Comparison

Instructions: Compare the quantities in columns A and B. Shade in
A if the quantity in column A is greater;
B if the quantity in column B is greater;
C if the quantities are equal; or
D if the relationship cannot be determined from the information given.

Column A Column B
13. The 8th term of the sequence The 8th term of the sequence 13. A B C D

16, 32, 48, 64, … 1, 2, 4, 8, …

14. 14. A B C D
a where 32a1 81 1.25

15. Regular hexagon ABCDEF A B 15. A B C D

F C

x˚ 3y˚ y˚
E D

x y

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 898 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME DATE PERIOD

Unit 5 Test SCORE

(Chapters 13–14)

1. Solve
ABC if C
90, B
20, and b
10. Round

measures of sides to the nearest tenth and measures of 1.
angles to the nearest degree.

2. Rewrite 25 in radian measure. 2.

9
3. Rewrite   radians in degree measure. 3.
5

4. Find one angle with positive measure and one angle with 4.
negative measure coterminal with 310.

5. Find the exact values of the six trigonometric functions of 5.

if the terminal side of
in standard position contains the
point (5, 4).

2
6. Sketch the angle with measure   radians. Then label its 6. y
3

Assessment
reference angle. O
x
For Questions 7–10, find the exact value of each
trigonometric function.

 6
7. cot  8. sin 405
7.

9. tan (3) 10. sin 60  cos 60 8.

11. Find the area of
ABC if A
56, b
20 feet, and 9.
c
12 feet. Round to the nearest tenth.

12. In
ABC, A
35, a
43, and c
20. Determine whether 10.

ABC has no solution, one solution or two solutions. Then
11.
solve the triangle. Round to the nearest tenth.

For Questions 13 and 14, determine whether each triangle 12.

should be solved by beginning with the Law of Sines or
Law of Cosines. Then solve each triangle. Round to the
nearest tenth.
13. a
16, b
13, c
10 13.

14. A
56, B
38, a
13 14.

 15 8

15. P ,  is located on the unit circle.
17 17
15.
Find sin
and cos
.

16. Solve x
Arctan (
3

). 16.

sec
cot

17. Verify that   
csc
is an identity. 17.
sin
csc

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 899 Glencoe Algebra 2
 NAME DATE PERIOD

Unit 5 Test (continued)

(Chapters 13–14)

18. Graph the function y
4 sin 2
. 18. y

2
2
O
2

For Questions 19 and 20, find the amplitude, if it exists,

and period of each function. 19.
1
19. y
cos 3
20. y
tan 
20.
4

 
21. State the phase shift of y
cos
  . Then graph the
3
21.
y
function. 2

O
2
2
22. State the vertical shift and the equation of the midline
for y
4 cos
 1.
22.
4
23. Find sec
if sin

 and 270 
 360. 23.
5

 sec

sin


2
24. Simplify 1    cos
. 24.
cos

For Questions 25 and 26, find the exact value of each 25.
expression.
25. cos 315 26. sin 195 26.

2 
27. Verify that cos  

sin
is an identity. 27.

For Questions 28 and 29, use the fact that cos


16
and
28.
0 
 90 to find the exact value of each expression.

28. sin 2
29. cos 
 29.

2

30. The profit P for a product whose sales fluctuate with the 30.
seasons is estimated to be P
21  6 sin t , where t is
52
given in weeks and P is in thousands of dollars. Determine
the number of weeks it would take for the profit to initially
reach $25,000.
© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 900 Glencoe Algebra 2
 NAME DATE PERIOD

Second Semester Test SCORE

(Chapters 8–14)

For Questions 1–20, write the letter for the correct answer in the blank at the
right of each question.
1. Find the distance between (2, 5) and (4, 1).
A.
34
 
B. 2
13 C. 4
2  
D. 6
2 1.

2. Write the equation 9x2
4y2  16y  52 in standard form.

2 (y  2)2 2 (y  2)2
A. x   
1 B. x   
1
4 9 4 9
2 (y  2)2 2 (y  2)2
C. x   
1 D. x   
1 2.
4 9 4 9

3. Which system of inequalities is graphed? y

A. x2  y2  16 B. x2  y2 16
x  16y
2 2 16 16x2  y2  16 x

C. x2  y2  16 D. x2  y2  16 O 3.
x2
16x2  y2 16   y2 1

Assessment
16

5t2  45 2t  6
4. Simplify   2 .
4(t  3) 5t  15
(t  3)2 t 9 2
A.   B.   C. 1 D. 2 4.
(t  3)
2 (t  3)(t  3) 2 5

5. Determine the values of x for any holes in the graph of the rational
x3
function f(x)
 .
2 x  2x  15
A. x
5, x
3 B. x
5 C. x
3, x
5 D. x
3 5.

6. Solve 1  2  1.

2m 5m 10
A. m  0 or m 1 B. m 1
C. m  1 or m 0 D. m  1 or m 1 6.

7. Solve log16 n
5.

4
A. 32 B. 20 C. 8 D. 64 7.

8. Use log5 2 0.4307 and log5 3 0.6826 to approximate the value of log5 24.
A. 0.7625 B. 0.2760 C. 0.6812 D. 1.9747 8.

9. Write an equivalent logarithmic equation for e3
6x.

A. 3
6 ln x B. 3
ln 6x C. 6x
ln 3 D. x
ln 2 9.
12
10. Evaluate (3k  6).
k
7
A. 105 B. 165 C. 135 D. 162 10.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 901 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME DATE PERIOD

Second Semester Test (continued)

(Chapters 8–14)

11. Find the next two terms of the geometric sequence 81, 54, 36, … .
A. 54, 81 B. 9, 18 C. 18, 0 D. 24, 16 11.

12. Find the fifth term of the sequence in which a1
12 and an1
an  2n.
A. 24 B. 32 C. 42 D. 30 12.

13. A password has three letters followed by three digits. How many different
passwords are possible?
A. 12,812,904 B. 13,824,000 C. 11,232,000 D. 17,576,000 13.

14. The odds that an event will occur are 5:3. What is the probability that the
event will not occur?

A. 3 B. 5 C. 3 D. 5 14.

8 8 5 2

15. On a geometry test, 1 of the students earned an A. Find the probability
5
that 4 of 5 randomly-selected students earned an A.
A. 4 B. 4 C. 1 D. 1 15.
3125 625 625 125

16. In a survey of 550 residents, 42% favored the expansion of the town library.
Find the margin of sampling error.
A. 8% B. 2% C. 4% D. 6% 16.

17. In
ABC, a
15, b
25, and c
30. Find C.

A. 56 B. 30 C. 94 D. 98 17.

18. Find the exact value of 4(cos 150)(tan 120).

3
A.  B.
3
 
C. 2
3 D. 6 18.
3

19. Which equation is graphed? y

A. y
4 cos 3
B. y
3 cos 4
4

C. y
3 sin 4
D. y
4 sin 3
2 19.

O 3 2
2 2
2

20. Find csc
if cos

2 and 90 
 180.

7
7
5 3
5
 7
5 3
5
A.  B.  C.  D.  20.
15 7 15 7

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 902 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME DATE PERIOD

Second Semester Test (continued)

(Chapters 8–14)

21. Write an equation for the parabola with focus (2, 5) and 21.
directrix y
1.

22. Write an equation for a circle with center at (10, 3) and 22.
radius 1 unit.
5

23. Find the coordinates of the vertices and foci and the 23.
equations of the asymptotes for the hyperbola with y
equation 9y2  x2
9. Then graph the hyperbola.

x
O

Assessment
24. Write the equation x2  y2
2x  2y  23 in standard 24.
form. Then state whether the graph of the equation is a
parabola, circle, ellipse, or hyperbola.

25. Find the LCM of 4t  20 and 6t  30. 25.

3.1
26. State whether the equation  
r represents a direct, joint, 26.
p
or inverse variation. Then name the constant of variation.

2t  1
27. Solve 2
 6
  . 27.
t3
2 t  2t  15 t5

For Questions 28–30, solve each equation. 28.

 25 
m
28. 1
625m2 29. ln (2x  1)
2 29.

30. 4 log8 3  1 log8 9
log8 x 30.

2

31. Express log7 32 in terms of common logarithms. Then 31.

approximate its value to four decimal places.

32. The half-life of carbon-14 is 5760 years. A scientist 32.

unearthed a fossil whose bones contained only 2% as much
carbon-14 as they would have contained when the animal
was alive. Find the constant k for carbon-14 for t in years,
and write the equation for modeling this exponential decay.
Then determine how long ago the animal died.

33. Find the three arithmetic means between 2 and 10. 33.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 903 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME DATE PERIOD

Second Semester Test (continued)

(Chapters 8–14)

34. Find a1 in a geometric series for which Sn
153, an
3, 34.

and r
1.
4

2
35. Write 0.7 as a fraction. 35.

36. Use Pascal’s triangle to expand (3x  y)5. 36.

37. Find a counterexample to the statement 37.

n(5n  1)
12  22  32  …  n2
 .
4

38. How many ways can you choose three books from a locker 38.
containing seven books?

39. Elias, Alisa, and Drew each roll a die. What is the 39.
probability that Elias rolls a 5, Alisa rolls an even number,
and Drew does not roll a 1 or 2?

40. At a local gym with 800 members, 450 members take an 40.
aerobics class, 200 members do weight training, and 125
members do both weight training and take an aerobics class.
What is the probability that a randomly-selected member
takes an aerobics class or does weight training?

41. Determine whether the data {2, 1, 5, 9, 2, 3, 1, 7, 3, 2, 4, 8, 41.

3, 6, 4, 3} appear to be positively skewed, negatively skewed,
or normally distributed.

42. On a multiple-choice quiz with eight questions, each 42.

question has four answer choices. If Noreen randomly
guesses at all eight questions, find P(more than 6 correct).

43. Find the exact values of the six trigonometric functions of
43.
if the terminal side of
in standard position contains the
point (8, 15).

44. Determine whether
ABC with A
35, a
20, and b
13 44.

has no solution, one solution, or two solutions. Then, if
possible, solve the triangle. Round measures of sides to the
nearest tenth and measures of angles to the nearest degree.

sin
cot

45. Verify that  
cos2
is an identity. 45.
csc
tan

46. Find the exact value of cos 2
if sin

5 and 46.
6
180 
 270.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 904 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME DATE PERIOD

Final Test SCORE

(Chapters 1–14)

For Questions 1–28, write the letter for the correct answer in the blank at the
right of each question.
1. The five fastest roller coasters in the world are Fujiyama (Japan),
Goliath (CA), Millennium Force (OH), Steel Dragon 2000 (Japan), and
Superman the Escape (CA). The speeds, in miles per hour, of the first four
coasters are 83, 85, 92, and 95, respectively. How fast can Superman the
Escape travel if the average speed of all five coasters is no more than
91 miles per hour? Source: World Almanac
A. no more than 100 mph B. at least 93 mph
C. at least 100 mph D. no more than 93 mph 1.

2. Write an equation of the line that passes through (9, 6) and is perpendicular
to the line whose equation is y
1x  7.
3

A. y
1x  9 B. y
3x  33
3

D. y
1x  3

Assessment
C. y
3x  21 2.
3

3. Find x in the solution of the system 3x  y
2 and 2x  3y
16.

18 10
A. 2 B. 4 C.   D.   3.
11 11

4. Find the coordinates of the vertices of the figure formed by y  x  2,

x  y  6, and y 2.
A. (0, 0), (2, 4), (8, 2) B. (4, 2), (2, 4), (8, 2)
C. (4, 2), (4, 2), (8, 2) D. (2, 4), (2, 4), (8, 2) 4.

5. Solve 2x  5y

  
1
for y.
x  3y 0
A. 1 B. 3 C. 3 D. 1 5.

6. The vertices of
ABC are A(3, 4), B(1, 3), and C(3, 2). The triangle is
0 1 to find the
rotated 90 counterclockwise. Use the rotation matrix
1 0  
coordinates of C .
A. (3, 2) B. (4, 3) C. (3, 1) D. (2, 3) 6.

y2  y  20
7. Simplify  . Assume that the denominator is not equal to 0.
2 y  2y  8
y5 y5 y  10
A.   B.   C. 5 D.   7.
y2 y2 2 y4

1i
8. Simplify  .
2i

A. 1  2i B. 1  2i C. 1  i D. 1  3i 8.

3 3 5 5 3 5 5

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 905 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME DATE PERIOD

Final Test (continued)

(Chapters 1–14)

9. Solve 3x2  8x  4
0 by graphing. If exact roots cannot be found, state the

consecutive integers between which the roots are located.
A. 2; between 0 and 1 B. between 0 and 1; between 7 and 8
C. 1, 2 D. between 0 and 1; between 3 and 4 9.

10. Find the exact solutions to 6x2  1
8x by using the Quadratic Formula.
4 
22
 2  2
10
 4 
10

A. 4 
10
 B.   C.   D.   10.
6 3 6

11. State the degree of 9  4x2  6x3  x4  7x.

A. 9 B. 1 C. 4 D. 10 11.

12. Which describes the number and type of roots of the equation x4  625
0?
A. 1 real root, 1 imaginary root B. 2 real roots, 2 imaginary roots
C. 2 real roots D. 4 real roots 12.

13. If g(x)
3x  8, find g[g(  4)].

A. 68 B. 4 C. 20 D. 52 13.

14. Which equation is graphed? y

A. y
x2  2x  1
B. x
y2  2y  1
C. y
x2  2x  1 O x

D. x
y2  2y  1 14.

15. Write an equation for an ellipse if the endpoints of the major axis are at
(8, 1) and (8, 1) and the endpoints of the minor axis are at (0, 1) and
(0, 3).
2 (y  1)2 (x  1)2 y2
A. x   
1 B.    
1
16 4 644
(x  1) 2 y2 (y  1)2
x2
C.    
1 D.    
1 15.
16 4 64 4

2
16. Find the exact solution(s) of the system x  y2
1 and x
y2  1.
4
A. (4,
3), (4, 
3 ), (4,
3 ), (4, 
3
)
B. (4,
3), (4,
3 )
C. (2, 1), (2, 1), (4,
3), (4, 
3 )
D. (4,
3), (4, 
3 ) 16.

4m n
17. Simplify 
5n
2  . 2m

A. 
8m2

5n3 8m2  5n3
B.  
4m  n
C. 2  D. 22 17.
2
10n m 2
10n m 5n  2m 5n

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 906 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME DATE PERIOD

Final Test (continued)

(Chapters 1–14)

18. If y varies inversely as x and y
6 when x
3, find y when x
36.

A. 72 B. 2 C. 1 D. 18 18.
2

19. Write the equation 43
1 in logarithmic form.

64
A. log 64
43 B. log3 64
4
C. log4 1
3 D. log4 (3)
64 19.
64

20. Solve 6n1 10. Round to four decimal places.

A. n 0.2851 B. n 0.6667 C. n 1.2851 D. n 0.7782 20.

21. Find Sn for the arithmetic series in which a1
29, n
17, and an
131.
A. 2720 B. 1360 C. 177 D. 160 21.

22. Find the sum of the infinite geometric series 1  3  9  … , if it exists.

Assessment
5 25

A. 5 B. 5 C. 3 D. does not exist 22.

3 2 5

23. Use the Binomial Theorem to find the sixth term in the expansion of
(m  2p)7.
A. 21m2p5 B. 672m2p5 C. 32m2p5 D. 448mp6 23.

24. How many four-digit numerical codes can be created if no digit may be
repeated?
A. 10,000 B. 24 C. 3024 D. 5040 24.

25. A bookshelf holds 4 mysteries, 3 biographies, 1 book of poetry, and

2 reference books. If a book is selected at random from the shelf, find the
probability that the book selected is a biography or reference book.
A. 1 B. 1 C. 5 D. 3 25.
2 6 6 50

26. Find the standard deviation of the data set to the nearest tenth.
{21, 13, 18, 16, 13, 35, 12, 8, 15}
A. 16.8 B. 7.8 C. 7.3 D. 5.7 26.

27. Rewrite 100 in radian measure.

5 10
A. 5 B.  
10
C.   D.   27.
9 9 9 9

28. Find the exact value of sin 165.

6
 
2
A.  
6
 
2
B.  
2
 
6
C.  
 

6
D. 
2
 28.
4 4 4

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 907 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME DATE PERIOD

Final Test (continued)

(Chapters 1–14)

29. Solve 5  2a  5   4  6 and graph the solution set. 29.

7 5 3 1 3
2 2 2 2 2
For Questions 30 and 31, use the data in the table below
that shows the relationship between the distance traveled 4 3 2 1 0 1
and the elapsed time for a trip.
Time t (h) 0 1 2 3 4 d
Distance d (mi) 0 55 100 150 260

Distance (mi)
225

150
30. Draw a scatter plot for the data. 30.
75

O 1 2 3 4 t
Time (h)

31. Use two ordered pairs to write a prediction equation. Then 31.
use your prediction equation to predict the distance traveled
in an elapsed time of 6 hours.

32. Classify the system x  9y
10 and 2x  y
1 as consistent 32.

and independent, consistent and dependent, or inconsistent.

For Questions 33 and 34, use the following information.

A manufacturer produces badminton and tennis rackets. The
profit on each badminton racket is $10 and on each tennis racket
is $25. The manufacturer can make at most 600 rackets. Of
these, at least 100 rackets must be badminton rackets.
33. Let b represent the number of badminton rackets and 33.
t represent the number of tennis rackets. Write a system of
inequalities to represent the number of rackets that can be
produced.

34. How many tennis rackets should the manufacturer produce 34.
to maximize profit?

35. Solve the system of equations. 2x  y  3z
9 35.

x  2y  z
8
x  3y  2z
11

36. Perform the indicated operations. If the matrix does not 36.
exist, write impossible.

 
4 2
2 1 5

3 0 4
3
 0 3  4
2 1 
1

5 1

3 4 0
37. Evaluate 2 5 1 using expansion by minors. 37.
0 3 7

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 908 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME DATE PERIOD

Final Test (continued)

(Chapters 1–14)

38. Find the inverse of M
21 50, if it exists. 38.


39. Simplify (3x2y0)2  11 
 (2x2  5). Assume that no variable
x
39.
equals 0.

40. Simplify 5. 40.

3 
6


41. Write the radical


3
27t8u6 using rational exponents. 41.

42. Solve
2x

 72 5. 42.

43. Write a quadratic equation with 2 and 3 as its roots. 43.
3
Write the equation in the form ax2  bx  c
0, where
a, b, and c are integers.

Assessment
44. Write the equation y
4x2  16x  7 in vertex form. 44.

45. Use synthetic substitution to find f(4) for 45.

f(x)
2x3  5x2  3x  8.

46. List all of the possible rational zeros of 46.

f(x)
3x4  5x3  2x  12.

47. Find the inverse of the function g(x)
2x  1. 47.

48. Graph y 
2x

. 6 48. y

O x

49. Write an equation for a circle if the endpoints of a diameter 49.

are at (1, 5) and (5, 3).

50. Write an equation for the hyperbola with vertices (0, 4) and 50.
(0, 4) if the length of the conjugate axis is 6 units.

51. Write the equation y  12x
3x2  19 in standard form. 51.

Then state whether the graph of the equation is a parabola,
circle, ellipse, or hyperbola.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 909 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME DATE PERIOD

Final Test (continued)

(Chapters 1–14)

fg

6
52. Simplify
. 52.
f 2  g2

2

53. Determine the equations of any vertical asymptotes and the 53.
x3
values of x for any holes in the graph of f(x)
 .
x2  x  12

m4 m4 2
54. Solve 
  . 54.
m3 m3 m3

55. Solve log5 n
1 log5 81  1 log5 64. 55.

4 2

56. In a certain lake, it is estimated that the fish population has 56.
been doubling in size every 80 weeks. Write an exponential
growth equation of the form y
aekt that models the growth
of the fish population, where t is given in weeks, if the
initial population was 5000.

57. Find the eighth term of the arithmetic sequence in which 57.
a1
4 and d
7.

58. Find the sum of the geometric series for which a1
2058, 58.
a4
6, and r
1.
7

59. Find the first three iterates x1, x2, x3 of f(x)
7x  3 for an 59.
initial value x0
0.

60. How many different ways can the letters of the word 60.
AMERICA be arranged?

61. Three students are selected from a group of four male 61.
students and six female students. Find the probability of
selecting a male, a female, and another female in that order.

62. The heights of a group of high school students were found 62.
to be normally distributed. The mean height was 65 inches
and the standard deviation was 2.5 inches. What percent
of the students were between 65 inches and 70 inches tall?

63. In
ABC, A
25, a
7, and b
4. Determine whether 63.

the triangle has no solution, one solution, or two solutions.
Then solve the triangle. Round measure of sides to the
nearest tenth and measures of angles to the nearest
degree.


2
64. Find the value of cot Cos1  
 .
2  64.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 910 Glencoe Algebra 2

 NAME DATE PERIOD

14 Standardized Test Practice

Student Record Sheet (Use with pages 810–811 of the Student Edition.)

Part 1 Multiple Choice

Select the best answer from the choices given and fill in the corresponding oval.

1 A B C D 4 A B C D 7 A B C D 9 A B C D

2 A B C D 5 A B C D 8 A B C D 10 A B C D

3 A B C D 6 A B C D

Part 2 Short Response/Grid In

Solve the problem and write your answer in the blank.
For Questions 13–19, also enter your answer by writing each number or symbol in
a box. Then fill in the corresponding oval for that number or symbol.

11 14 16 18

12 / / / / / /
. . . . . . . . . . . .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7

Answers
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

13 15 17 19

/ / / / / / / /
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

Part 3 Quantitative Comparison

Select the best answer from the choices given and fill in the corresponding oval.

20 A B C D 22 A B C D 24 A B C D

21 A B C D 23 A B C D

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A1 Glencoe Algebra 2

©
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-1 Study Guide and Intervention 14-1 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Graphing Trigonometric Functions Graphing Trigonometric Functions

Graph Trigonometric Functions To graph a trigonometric function, make a table of Variations of Trigonometric Functions
values for known degree measures (0
, 30
, 45
, 60
, 90
, and so on). Round function values to
the nearest tenth, and plot the points. Then connect the points with a smooth, continuous For functions of the form y  a sin b
and y  a cos b
, the amplitude is | a |,
curve. The period of the sine, cosine, secant, and cosecant functions is 360
or 2 radians. 360° 2
Amplitudes and the period is  or  .
|b | |b |

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
and Periods For functions of the form y  a tan b
, the amplitude is not defined,
The amplitude of the graph of a periodic function is the absolute value of half the
Amplitude of a Function 180° 
difference between its maximum and minimum values. and the period is  or  .
|b | |b |

Example Graph y
sin
for 360 
 0.

First make a table of values. Example Find the amplitude and period of each function. Then graph the

360° 330° 315° 300° 270° 240° 225° 210° 180° function.
1
2
3
3
2 1

1
sin
0    1    0 a. y
4 cos  b. y
 tan 2

2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2

Lesson 14-1

150° 135° 120° 90° 60° 45° 30° 0° First, find the amplitude. The amplitude is not defined, and the
| a |  | 4 |, so the amplitude is 4. 
1
2

3

3

2
 1 period is .
sin
   1    0 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 Next find the period. y
360° 4
y
  1080

y
sin
1.0 13 2

0.5 Use the amplitude and period to help

graph the function. O   3 

Answers

4 2 4
360 270 180 90 O
y –2
0.5 4

A2
y
4 cos
–3 –4
1.0
2

O

Exercises 180 360 540 720 900 1080
2
Graph the following functions for the given domain.
4
1. cos
, 360

 0
2. tan
, 2 
 0
y y
y
cos
y
tan

(Lesson 14-1)

1 4

2
Exercises
O

360 270 180 90 O

3  Find the amplitude, if it exists, and period of each function. Then graph each
2 2
 2
1 2 function.
4

1. y  3 sin
2. y  2 tan 
2
What is the amplitude of each function? amplitude: 3; period 2 or 360 no amplitude; period 2 or 360
y y
3. y 4 4. y 8
2 2

O x O
O

90 180 270 360  3 5
2
 2
2 2
3
2 2 2
O 2 x

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 837 Glencoe Algebra 2 © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 838 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
©
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-1 Skills Practice 14-1 Practice (Average)

Graphing Trigonometric Functions Graphing Trigonometric Functions

Find the amplitude, if it exists, and period of each function. Then graph each Find the amplitude, if it exists, and period of each function. Then graph each
function. function.
1
1. y  2 cos
2. y  4 sin
3. y  2 sec
1. y  4 sin
2. y  cot 
3. y  cos 5

2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
2; 360 4; 360 no amplitude; 360 4; 360 no amplitude; 360 1; 72
y y y
y 4 4 1
y y
2 4 4
2 2
1 2 2
O
O
O

90 180 270 360 90 180 270 360 45 90 135 180
O
O
O

90 180 270 360 90 180 270 360 90 180 270 360 2 2
1 2 2
4 4 1
2 4 4

Lesson 14-1
3 1 1
4. y  csc 
5. y  2 tan 
6. 2y  sin
; 360
4 2 2
no amplitude; 480 no amplitude; 360
y y y
1 4 4 1.0
4. y   tan
5. y  sin 3
6. y  csc 3

2
2 2 0.5
no amplitude; 180 1; 120 no amplitude; 120
Answers

O
O
O

y y y 120 240 360 480 180 360 540 720 90 180 270 360
2 2 4 0.5

A3
2 2

1 1 2 4 4 1.0

O
O
O

90 180 270 360 90 180 270 360 30 90 150
1 1 2
FORCE For Exercises 7 and 8, use the following information.
2 2 4
An anchoring cable exerts a force of 500 Newtons on a pole. The force has
the horizontal and vertical components Fx and Fy. (A force of one Newton (N), 500 N
Fy
(Lesson 14-1)

is the force that gives an acceleration of 1 m/sec2 to a mass of 1 kg.)

7. The function Fx  500 cos
describes the relationship between the

1 angle
and the horizontal force. What are the amplitude and period Fx
7. y  tan 2
8. y  cos 2
9. y  4 sin 
of this function? 500; 360
2
no amplitude; 90 1; 180 4; 720
8. The function Fy  500 sin
describes the relationship between the angle
and the
y y y vertical force. What are the amplitude and period of this function? 500; 360
4 2 4

2 1 2
WEATHER For Exercises 9 and 10, use the following information.

O
O
O
The function y  60  25 sin t, where t is in months and t  0 corresponds to April 15,
45 90 135 180 45 90 135 180 180 360 540 720 6
2 1 2 models the average high temperature in degrees Fahrenheit in Centerville.

4 2 4 9. Determine the period of this function. What does this period represent?
12; a calendar year

10. What is the maximum high temperature and when does this occur? 85F; July 15

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Answers
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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-1 Reading to Learn Mathematics 14-1 Enrichment

Graphing Trigonometric Functions
Pre-Activity Why can you predict the behavior of tides? Blueprints
Read the introduction to Lesson 14-1 at the top of page 762 in your textbook. Interpreting blueprints requires the ability to select and use trigonometric
Consider the tides of the Atlantic Ocean as a function of time. functions and geometric properties. The figure below represents a plan for an

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Approximately what is the period of this function? 12 hours improvement to a roof. The metal fitting shown makes a 30
angle with the
horizontal. The vertices of the geometric shapes are not labeled in these
plans. Relevant information must be selected and the appropriate function
Reading the Lesson used to find the unknown measures.
1. Determine whether each statement is true or false.
a. The period of a function is the distance between the maximum and minimum points. Example
false Find the unknown Roofing Improvement
b. The amplitude of a function is the difference between its maximum and minimum measures in the figure at the right.
values. false The measures x and y are the legs of a top view

Lesson 14-1
right triangle. 5"
––
16
c. The amplitude of the function y  sin
is 2. false metal fitting
The measure of the hypotenuse
–15" side view
d. The function y  cot
has no amplitude. true 15 5 20 x
16–
is  in.   in. or  in.
16 16 16
30° 0.09"
e. The period of the function y  sec
is . false 5" 13"
y x y –– ––
  cos 30
  sin 30
16 16
20 20
Answers

f. The amplitude of the function y  2 cos
is 4. false  

16 16

A4
y  1.08 in. x  0.63 in.
g. The function y  sin 2
has a period of . true

h. The period of the function y  cot 3
is . true
3
Find the unknown measures of each of the following.
i. The amplitude of the function y  5 sin
is 5. false 1. Chimney on roof 2. Air vent 3. Elbow joint
1' 1'
1 4 –2 3 –4
j. The period of the function y  csc 
is 4.
4
false
(Lesson 14-1)

C
k. The graph of the function y  sin
has no asymptotes. true A
x 2'
D
l. The graph of the function y  tan
has an asymptote at
 180
. false 1' B
9 –2
40°
m. When
 360
, the values of cos
and sec
are equal. true 1' t
1 –2 1'
y 7 –4
n. When
 270
, cot
is undefined. false r
A
1'
1 –4
o. When
 180
, csc
is undefined. true
40° 4'

Helping You Remember y
3.78
C
63.43
A
40

x
5.72
D
26.57
B
50
2. What is an easy way to remember the periods of y  a sin b
and y  a cos b
? Sample
A
40 t
9.63
answer: The period of the functions y
sin
and y
cos
is 360 or 2. r
4.87
Divide 360 or 2 by the absolute value of the coefficient of
, depending
on whether you want to find the period in degrees or in radians.

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14-2 Study Guide and Intervention 14-2 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Translations of Trigonometric Graphs Translations of Trigonometric Graphs

Horizontal Translations When a constant is subtracted from the angle measure in a Vertical Translations When a constant is added to a trigonometric function, the graph
trigonometric function, a phase shift of the graph results. is shifted vertically.

The horizontal phase shift of the graphs of the functions y  a sin b(
 h), y  a cos b(
 h), The vertical shift of the graphs of the functions y  a sin b(
 h)  k, y  a cos b(
 h)  k,

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
and y  a tan b(
 h) is h, where b  0. and y  a tan b(
 h)  k is k.
Phase Shift Vertical Shift
If h  0, the shift is to the right. If k  0, the shift is up.
If h 0, the shift is to the left. If k 0, the shift is down.

The midline of a vertical shift is y  k.

Example State the amplitude, period, and y
1.0 Step 1 Determine the vertical shift, and graph the midline.
1 
0.5
Graphing Step 2 Determine the amplitude, if it exists. Use dashed lines to indicate the maximum and
2 2
phase shift for y
 cos 3

 . Then graph
the function. Trigonometric minimum values of the function.
O    2 5
Functions Step 3 Determine the period of the function and graph the appropriate function.
1 1 
Amplitude: a   or  0.5 6 3 2 3 6 Step 4 Determine the phase shift and translate the graph accordingly.
2 2
| | 1.0
2 2 2
Period:    or 
| b| |3| 3

Phase Shift: h   Example
2 State the vertical shift, equation of the midline, amplitude, and

The phase shift is to the right since   0. period for y
cos 2
 3. Then graph the function.
2
Vertical Shift: k  3, so the vertical shift is 3 units down. y
2
The equation of the midline is y  3. 1
Answers

Exercises O  3

Amplitude: | a |  | 1 | or 1  2

Lesson 14-2
1 2 2

A5
State the amplitude, period, and phase shift for each function. Then graph the 2 2
Period: 
| b|

|2|
or 
function.
 Since the amplitude of the function is 1, draw dashed lines
1. y  2 sin (
 60
) 2. y  tan
  parallel to the midline that are 1 unit above and below the midline.
 2 
 Then draw the cosine curve, adjusted to have a period of .
2; 360; 60 to the left no amplitude; ;  to the right
2
y y

2 2
(Lesson 14-2)

Exercises
O
O  3
State the vertical shift, equation of the midline, amplitude, and period for each
90 90 180 270 360  2
2 2
2 2 function. Then graph the function.
1
1. y   cos
 2 2. y  3 sin
 2
2
1  1
3. y  3 cos (
 45
) 4. y   sin 3
  2 up; y
2; ; 2 2 down; y
2; 3; 2
2 3  2
1 2  y y
3; 360; 45 to the right ; ;  to the right 3 1
2 3 3 2
O  3 2

y y 1 1 
2 2
1.0 2
2 O   3 2

0.5 1 2 2 3
2 4
O
O    2 5
5
90 180 270 360 450 
0.5 6 3 2 3 6 6
2
1.0

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14-2 Skills Practice 14-2 Practice (Average)

Translations of Trigonometric Graphs Translations of Trigonometric Graphs

State the amplitude, period, and phase shift for each function. Then graph the State the vertical shift, amplitude, period, and phase shift for each function. Then
function. graph the function.
 1 
1. y  sin (
 90
) 2. y  cos (
 45
) 3. y  tan
  1. y   tan
  2. y  2 cos (
 30
)  3 3. y  3 csc (2
 60
)  2.5
 2  2  2 

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

1; 360; 90 1; 360; 45 no amplitude; ;  no vertical shift; no 3; 2; 360; 30 2.5; no amplitude;
y y
2
y 
2 2 4 amplitude; ;  180; 60
2
1 1 2 y y y
4 6 4

O
O
O  3
2 4
90 180 270 360 90 180 270 360  2 O

2 2 90 180 270 360
1 1 2
2 4
O  3

 2
2 2 4 2 2
2 8
O

180 360 540 720
4 2 12

State the vertical shift, equation of the midline, amplitude, and period for each
function. Then graph the function.
ECOLOGY For Exercises 4–6, use the following information.
The population of an insect species in a stand of trees follows the growth cycle of a
4. y  csc
 2 5. y  cos
 1 6. y  sec
 3 3; y
3; particular tree species. The insect population can be modeled by the function
y  40  30 sin 6t, where t is the number of years since the stand was first cut in
Answers

2; y
2; 1; 360 1; y
1; 1; 360 no amplitude; 360

y y y November, 1920.

Lesson 14-2
6

A6
2
2 4. How often does the insect population reach its maximum level? every 60 yr
4
O

180 360 540 720 1 5. When did the population last reach its maximum? 1995
2 2
O
6. What condition in the stand do you think corresponds with a minimum insect population?
4 180 360 540 720
O
Sample answer: The species on which the insect feeds has been cut.
1 90 180 270 360
6 2

BLOOD PRESSURE For Exercises 7–9, use the following information.

(Lesson 14-2)

Jason’s blood pressure is 110 over 70, meaning that the pressure oscillates between a maximum
of 110 and a minimum of 70. Jason’s heart rate is 45 beats per minute. The function that
State the vertical shift, amplitude, period, and phase shift of each function. Then represents Jason’s blood pressure P can be modeled using a sine function with no phase shift.
graph the function. 1
7. Find the amplitude, midline, and period in seconds of the function. 20; P
90; 1 s
4  3
7. y  2 cos [3(
 45
)]  2 8. y  3 sin [2(
 90
)]  2 9. y  4 cot 
  2
3
  4  8. Write a function that represents Jason’s blood
3  pressure P after t seconds. P
20 sin 270t  90 Jason’s Blood Pressure
2; 2; 120; 45 2; 3; 180; 90 2; no amplitude; ; 
4 4 P
y y y
6 6 4 9. Graph the function. 120
100
4 4 2
80
2 2 60
Pressure

O  3

 2
2 2 40
2
O
O
20
90 180 270 360 90 180 270 360
2 2 4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 t
Time

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14-2 Reading to Learn Mathematics 14-2 Enrichment

Translations of Trigonometric Graphs
Pre-Activity How can translations of trigonometric graphs be used to show Translating Graphs of Trigonometric Functions
animal populations?
Three graphs are shown at the right: y
Read the introduction to Lesson 14-2 at the top of page 769 in your textbook.
y  3 sin 2
y = 3 sin 2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
According to the model given in your textbook, what would be the estimated y  3 sin 2(
 30
)
rabbit population for January 1, 2005? 1200 O
90° 180°
y  4  3 sin 2

y = 3 sin 2( – 30°)
Replacing
with (
 30
) translates
the graph to the right. Replacing y
Reading the Lesson with y  4 translates the graph y + 4 = 3 sin 2

1. Determine whether the graph of each function represents a shift of the parent function 4 units down.
to the left, to the right, upward, or downward. (Do not actually graph the functions.)
a. y  sin (
 90
) to the left b. y  sin
 3 upward Example Graph one cycle of y
6 cos (5
 80)  2.

c. y  cos
  d. y  tan
 4 downward Step 1 Transform the equation into y Step 2 y = 6 cos 5
 3  to the right 6
the form y  k  a cos b(
 h).
2. Determine whether the graph of each function has an amplitude change, period change,
phase shift, or vertical shift compared to the graph of the parent function. (More than y  2  6 cos 5(
 16
) O 72°
one of these may apply to each function. Do not actually graph the functions.) –6
Step 2 Sketch y  6 cos 5
.
Answers

5
a. y  3 sin
 
 6  amplitude change and phase shift

Lesson 14-2
Step 3 Translate y  6 cos 5
to y Step 3

A7
b. y  cos (2
 70
) period change and phase shift obtain the desired graph. y  2 = 6 cos 5( + 16°)
6
y = 6 cos 5( + 16°)
c. y  4 cos 3
amplitude change and period change O 56°
–6
1
d. y  sec 
 3
2
period change and vertical shift
(Lesson 14-2)


e. y  tan
   1
 4  phase shift and vertical shift Sketch these graphs on the same coordinate system. See students’ graphs.


1. y  3 sin 2(
 45
) 2. y  1  3 sin 2
3. y  5  3 sin 2(
 90
)
f. y  2 sin 
   4
 13 6  amplitude change, period change, phase shift,
and vertical shift
On another piece of paper, graph one cycle of each curve. See students’ graphs.

Helping You Remember 4. y  2 sin 4(
 50
) 5. y  5 sin (3
 90
)

3. Many students have trouble remembering which of the functions y  sin (
 ) and 6. y  6 cos (4
 360
)  3 7. y  6 cos 4
 3
y  sin (
 ) represents a shift to the left and which represents a shift to the right.
Using   45
, explain a good way to remember which is which. 8. The graphs for problems 6 and 7 should be the same. Use the sum
formula for cosine of a sum to show that the equations are equivalent.
Sample answer: Although sine curves are infinitely repeating periodic
cos (4
 360)
(cos 4
)(cos 360)  (sin 4
)(sin 360)
graphs, think of y
sin x starting a period or cycle at (0, 0). Then

(cos 4
)(1)  (sin 4
)(0)
y
sin (
 45) “starts early” at (45), a shift of 45 to the left, while

cos 4

y
sin (
 45) “starts late” at 45, a shift of 45 to the right.
So, y
6 cos (4
 360)  3 and y
6 cos 4
 3 are equivalent.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 847 Glencoe Algebra 2 © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 848 Glencoe Algebra 2

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Answers
©
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-3 Study Guide and Intervention 14-3 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Trigonometric Identities Trigonometric Identities

Find Trigonometric Values A trigonometric identity is an equation involving Simplify Expressions The simplified form of a trigonometric expression is written as a
trigonometric functions that is true for all values for which every expression in the equation numerical value or in terms of a single trigonometric function, if possible. Any of the
is defined. trigonometric identities on page 849 can be used to simplify expressions containing
trigonometric functions.
sin
cos

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Quotient Identities tan
  cot
 
cos
sin

Basic
1 1 1
Trigonometric Reciprocal Identities csc
  sec
  cot
  Example 1
sin
cos
tan
Simplify (1  cos2
) sec
cot
 tan
sec
cos2
.
Identities 1 cos
sin
1
Pythagorean Identities cos2
 sin2
 1 tan2
 1  sec2
cot2
 1  csc2
(1  cos2
) sec
cot
 tan
sec
cos2
 sin2
     cos2

cos
sin
cos
cos

 sin
 sin

 2 sin

Example 11
Find the value of cot
if csc

; 180
270.
5
cot2
 1  csc2
Trigonometric identity
11 2 11 Example 2 sec
cot
csc

cot2
 1   Substitute  for csc
. Simplify    .
5
  5 1  sin
1  sin

121 11 1 cos
1
cot2
 1   Square .   
25 5 cos
sin
sin

sec
cot
csc

96       
cot2
  Subtract 1 from each side. 1  sin
1  sin
1  sin
1  sin

25
4
6 1 1
cot
  Take the square root of each side. (1  sin
)  (1  sin
)
5 sin
sin

 
4
6 (1  sin
)(1  sin
)
Answers

Since
is in the third quadrant, cot
is positive, Thus cot
 .

5 1 1
  1    1
sin
sin

A8
 
1  sin2

Exercises 2
2
Find the value of each expression. cos

1
3

1. tan
, if cot
 4; 180

270
 2. csc
, if cos
 ; 0

90
2
4 2
Exercises

Lesson 14-3
Simplify each expression.
(Lesson 14-3)

3 4 1 32

3. cos
, if sin
 ; 0

90
 4. sec
, if sin
 ; 0

90
 tan
csc
sin
cot

5 5 3 4 1.  1 2. 
2 2 cos

sec
sec
 tan

4 3 3 310

5. cos
, if tan
 ; 90

180
 6. tan
, if sin
 ; 0

90
 sin2
 cot
tan
cos

3 5 7 20 3.  cos
4.  1  sin

cot
sin
sec
 tan

7 8 6 13

7. sec
, if cos
 ; 90

180
 8. sin
, if cos
 ; 270

360
 tan
cos
csc2
 cot2

8 7 7 7 5.   cot
sin
tan
csc
2 6.  csc

sin
tan
cos

12 9
9. cot
, if csc
 ; 90

180
10. sin
, if csc
 ; 270

360
1  cos2

5 4 7. 3 tan
cot
 4 sin
csc
 2 cos
sec
9 8.  cos

 119 4 tan
sin

 
5 9

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 849 Glencoe Algebra 2 © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 850 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
©
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-3 Skills Practice 14-3 Practice (Average)

Trigonometric Identities Trigonometric Identities

Find the value of each expression. Find the value of each expression.
4 5 15
1. sin
, if cos
  and 90

180
2. cos
, if tan
 1 and 180

270
1. sin
, if cos
  and 0

90
2. sec
, if sin
  and 180

270

5 13 17
3 2  12 17
   

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
5 2 13 8
3 1
1 3. cot
, if cos
  and 270

360
4. sin
, if cot
  and 0

90

3. sec
, if tan
 1 and 0

90
4. cos
, if tan
  and 0

90
10 2
2 391  25 
25  
2
  91 5
5
3
5. cot
, if csc
  and 180

270
6. sec
, if csc
 8 and 270

360


2
 2
5. tan
, if sin
  
2
and 180

270
6. cos
, if sec
 2 and 270

360
5 87 
1  
1  2 21
2
1
7. sec
, if tan
 4 and 180

270
8. sin
, if tan
  and 270

360

2
2
5 5
7. cos
, if csc
 2 and 180

270
8. tan
, if cos
  5
and 180

270
17
 
3 1 5
  
2 2 2 1
9. cot
, if tan
  and 0

90
10. cot
, if cos
  and 270

360

5 3
3 8 5  2
9. cos
, if cot
  and 90

180
10. csc
, if cos
  and 0

90
 
2
Answers

2 17 4
313
 17
 

A9
13 15
Simplify each expression.
5 sin2

11. cot
, if csc
 2 and 180

270
12. tan
, if sin
  and 180

270
11. csc
tan
sec x 12. 2 cos2
13. sin2
cot2
cos2

13 tan

5
3
 
12 csc2
 cot2
csc
 sin

14. cot2
 1 csc2
15. 
2 csc2
16.  cot

1  cos
cos

Lesson 14-3
Simplify each expression.
(Lesson 14-3)

cos
cos

17. sin
 cos
cot
18.    19. sec2
cos2
 tan2

1  sin
1  sin

13. sin
sec
tan
14. csc
sin
1
csc
2 tan
sec2

cos
20. AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY The illustration shows a plane taking

15. cot
sec
csc
16.  cos2

sec
an aerial photograph of point A. Because the point is directly below
the plane, there is no distortion in the image. For any point B not

1 directly below the plane, however, the increase in distance creates
17. tan
 cot
 18. csc
tan
 tan
sin
cos
distortion in the photograph. This is because as the distance from
cos
sin

the camera to the point being photographed increases, the
exposure of the film reduces by (sin
)(csc
 sin
). Express
1  sin2
1  cos
A B
19.  1  sin
20. csc
 cot
 (sin
)(csc
 sin
) in terms of cos
only. cos2

sin
 1 sin

21. TSUNAMIS The equation y  a sin
t represents the height of the waves passing a
sin2
 cos2
tan2

21. 
2
csc2
22. 1   sec
buoy at a time t in seconds. Express a in terms of csc
t. a
y csc
t
1  cos 1  sec

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 851 Glencoe Algebra 2 © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 852 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
©
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-3 Reading to Learn Mathematics 14-3 Enrichment

Trigonometric Identities
Pre-Activity How can trigonometry be used to model the path of a baseball? Planetary Orbits
Read the introduction to Lesson 14-3 at the top of page 777 in your textbook. The orbit of a planet around the sun is an ellipse with
Suppose that a baseball is hit from home plate with an initial velocity of the sun at one focus. Let the pole of a polar coordinate
r

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
58 feet per second at an angle of 36
with the horizontal from an initial system be that focus and the polar axis be toward the
height of 5 feet. Show the equation that you would use to find the height of other focus. The polar equation of an ellipse is
the ball 10 seconds after the ball is hit. (Show the formula with the Polar Axis
2ep b2
appropriate numbers substituted, but do not do any calculations.) r  . Since 2p    and b2  a2  c2,
1  e cos
c
16 sin 36
h
 102   10  5 a2 c2 c


582 cos2 36  cos 36
 a2  c2
2p     1  2 . Because e  ,
c c  a  a
Reading the Lesson 2
2p  a  1  
 ac   ac    a1e(1  e2).
1. Match each expression from the list on the left with an expression from the list on the
right that is equal to it for all values for which each expression is defined. (Some of the Therefore 2ep  a(1  e2). Substituting into the polar equation of an
expressions from the list on the right may be used more than once or not at all.) ellipse yields an equation that is useful for finding distances from the
1 planet to the sun.
a. sec2
 tan2
iii i. 
sin

a(1  e2)
r  
b. cot2
 1 v ii. tan
1  e cos

Note that e is the eccentricity of the orbit and a is the length of the
Answers

sin

c.  ii iii. 1 semi-major axis of the ellipse. Also, a is the mean distance of the planet
cos

from the sun.

A10
d. sin2
 cos2
iii iv. sec

Example The mean distance of Venus from the sun is
e. csc
i v. csc2
67.24 106 miles and the eccentricity of its orbit is .006788. Find the
minimum and maximum distances of Venus from the sun.
1
f.  iv vi. cot

cos
The minimum distance occurs when
 .
cos
67.24 106(1  0.0067882)
g.  vi 106 miles

Lesson 14-3
r    66.78
(Lesson 14-3)

sin
1  0.006788 cos 

2. Write an identity that you could use to find each of the indicated trigonometric values The maximum distance occurs when
 0.
and tell whether that value is positive or negative. (Do not actually find the values.) 67.24 106(1  0.0067882)
r    67.70 106 miles
4 sin
1  0.006788 cos 0
a. tan
, if sin
  and 180

270
tan

; positive
5 cos

b. sec
, if tan
 3 and 90

180
tan2
 1
sec2
; negative Complete each of the following.
1. The mean distance of Mars from the sun is 141.64 106 miles and the
eccentricity of its orbit is 0.093382. Find the minimum and maximum
Helping You Remember distances of Mars from the sun.
3. A good way to remember something new is to relate it to something you already know. max. distance
15.49 107 mi; min. distance
12.84 107 mi
How can you use the unit circle definitions of the sine and cosine that you learned in
Chapter 13 to help you remember the Pythagorean identity cos2
 sin2
 1? 2. The minimum distance of Earth from the sun is 91.445 106 miles and
Sample answer: On a unit circle, x
cos
and y
sin
. The equation of the eccentricity of its orbit is 0.016734. Find the mean and maximum
the unit circle is x 2  y 2
1, so this is equivalent to the equation distances of Earth from the sun.
cos2
 sin2

1.
max. distance
93.00 106 mi; mean distance
91.47 106 mi

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 853 Glencoe Algebra 2 © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 854 Glencoe Algebra 2

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14-4 Study Guide and Intervention 14-4 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Verifying Trigonometric Identities Verifying Trigonometric Identities

Transform One Side of an Equation Use the basic trigonometric identities along Transform Both Sides of an Equation The following techniques can be helpful in
with the definitions of the trigonometric functions to verify trigonometric identities. Often it verifying trigonometric identities.
is easier to begin with the more complicated side of the equation and transform that • Substitute one or more basic identities to simplify an expression.
expression into the form of the simpler side. • Factor or multiply to simplify an expression.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
• Multiply both numerator and denominator by the same trigonometric expression.
• Write each side of the identity in terms of sine and cosine only. Then simplify each side.
Example Verify that each of the following is an identity.
sin
tan
Example tan2
 1
a.   sec

cos
b.   cos

sec
Verify that 
sin
tan
sec
 1

sec2
 tan2
is an identity.
cot
csc

Transform the left side. tan2
 1
Transform the left side. 
sec2
 tan2

sin
tan
sec
 1
sin
tan

  sec

cos
  cos

sec
sec2
1 sin2

cot
csc


sin
1 cos cos
2
  2

sin
1 sin
sin
   1
   cos
cos

cos
 cos

cos

 cos
1
sin
  cos

sec

1 cos2
1  sin2


sin2
1 sin


  
cos
sin2
cos2

cos
cos
sin2
 2 1
  cos

sec
cos

sin2  1 cos
1

cos

cos
sin2


cos2 cos2
cos2


sec
 2
2
cos2
cos
sin
 cos2
cos


cos

cos
1 cos2

Answers


sec
1
cos
 cos
cos

1
sec
 sec
sin2
 cos2

A11
11
Exercises
Exercises
Verify that each of the following is an identity.
Verify that each of the following is an identity. tan2
sec

1. csc
sec
 cot
 tan
2. 
2 
sin
cot
1  cos3
1  cos
cos

1. 1  csc2
cos2
 csc2
2.      1 1 cos
sin

1  cos
1  cos
sin3
  sin2
1
sin
cos
sin
cos
 
(Lesson 14-4)

1 cos
cos2
cos

1 cos2
 csc2
sin
(1  cos
)   (1  cos
) 1 cos2
 sin2
 
sin2
sin

1
cos3    sin2
cos

   sin
cos
sin
cos

sin2
 cos2
(1  cos
)(1  cos
) sin3
1 1
  csc2
1 1 

sin2
cos
cos2

 cos2
cos2

sin
 sin
cos
    sin
cos
sin
cos

1 sin
sin
1  cos3

  csc2
  
sin2
1  cos2
sin3
cos
cot
csc
csc2
 cot2

3.   2 4. 
2  cot2
(1  cos2
)
sin2
 sin2
cos
 cos
 cos2
sin
sin
sec
sec

csc2

csc2
    
Lesson 14-4

sin
1  cos3
cos
1 1 cos2

   cos
    
3 sin
sin
sin2
sin2
cos2

sin2
sin
      2
sin
1 1 2 (sin
)
sin

sin2
 cos2
 cos
(sin2
 1) 1  cos3
sin
 2 
   cos
cos2

sin3
sin3
cos2
cos2
2

 cos2
  cos2

1  cos
(cos2
) 1  cos3
sin2
sin2
2

1 sincos


  
sin3
sin3
2
sin

1  cos3
1  cos3
cos2

   cos2

sin
2


sin3
sin3
cos2

cos2

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Answers
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14-4 Skills Practice 14-4 Practice (Average)

Verifying Trigonometric Identities Verifying Trigonometric Identities

Verify that each of the following is an identity. Verify that each of the following is an identity.
sin2
 cos2
cos2

1. tan
cos
 sin
2. cot
tan
 1 1. 
2  sec2
2. 
2 1
cos
1  sin

tan
cos
 sin
cot
tan
 1
sin2
 cos2
cos2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
sin
cos
sin
  sec2
 1
 cos
 sin
   1 cos2
1  sin2

cos
sin
cos

sin

sin
1
1 1 cos2

  sec2
 1
cos2
cos2

sec2

sec2
1
1

3. (1  sin
)(1  sin
)  cos2
4. tan4
 2 tan2
 1  sec4

(1  sin
)(1  sin
)  cos2
tan4
 2 tan2
 1  sec4

1  sin2
 cos2
(tan2
 1)2  sec4

1  sin2

3. csc
cos
 cot
4.   cos

cos
cos2

cos2
(sec2
)2  sec4

csc
cos
 cot

1  sin2
sec4

sec4

1   cos

 cos
 cot
cos

sin

cos
cos2

  cot
  cos

sin
cos

cot

cot
cos

cos
5. cos2
cot2
 cot2
 cos2
6. (sin2
)(csc2
 sec2
)  sec2

cos2
cot2
 cot2
 cos2
(sin2
)(csc2
 sec2
)  sec2

Answers

cos2
1
cos2
cot2
   cos2
(sin2
)     sec2

sin2
2

sin12
cos

cos2 cos2 sin2

A12




cos2
cot2
  2
sin2

sin
1    sec2

csc
cos2

5. (tan
)(1  sin2
)  sin
cos
6.   cot
(cos2
)(1  sin2
)
sec
cos2
cot2
 
2 1  tan2
 sec2

(tan
)(1  sin2
)  sin
cos
sin

csc
sec2

sec2

tan
cos2
 sin
cos
  cot
2 2 cos2
cos2

sec
cos
cot
  
sin
1
1 sin2

 cos2
 sin
cos

cos
sin
cos2
cot2

cos2
cot2

sin
cos

sin
cos
  cot

(Lesson 14-4)

1

cos

cos
7. PROJECTILES The square of the initial velocity of an object launched from the ground is
  cot
2gh
sin
v2  2 , where
is the angle between the ground and the initial path, h is the
sin

cot

cot
maximum height reached, and g is the acceleration due to gravity. Verify the identity
2gh 2gh sec2

   .
sin2
cos2
sin2
sec2
 1
7.   tan2
8.   1  sin
2gh 2gh 2gh 2gh 2gh sec2

1  sin2
1  sin

Lesson 14-4



 1

 
sin2
cos2
sin2
1  cos2
1   sec2
 1

sec2
 1
  tan2
  1  sin
2  2
sec

1  sin2
1  sin
sec

sin2
1  sin2

  tan2
  1  sin
8. LIGHT The intensity of a light source measured in candles is given by I  ER2 sec
,
cos2
1  sin

sin
2 where E is the illuminance in foot candles on a surface, R is the distance in feet from the
(1  sin
)(1  sin
)
  tan2


   1  sin
light source, and
is the angle between the light beam and a line perpendicular to the
cos
1  sin

surface. Verify the identity ER2(1  tan2
) cos
 ER2 sec
.
tan2

tan2
1  sin

1  sin

1
ER 2(1  tan2
) cos

ER 2 sec2
cos

ER 2 sec2

ER 2 sec

sec

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NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-4 Reading to Learn Mathematics 14-4 Enrichment

Verifying Trigonometric Identities
Pre-Activity How can you verify trigonometric identities? Heron’s Formula
Read the introduction to Lesson 14-4 at the top of page 782 in your textbook. Heron’s formula can be used to find the area of a triangle if you know the
For
 , 0, or , sin
 sin 2
. Does this mean that sin
 sin 2
is an lengths of the three sides. Consider any triangle ABC. Let K represent the

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
identity? Explain your reasoning. Sample answer: No; an identity is area of ABC. Then
an equation that is true for all values of a variable for which 1
the functions involved are defined, not just some values. If K  bc sin A
2 B
 2 b2c2 sin2 A


, sin

, and sin 2

1. K 2   Square both sides. c
4 2 4 a

b2c2(1  cos2 A)
Reading the Lesson  
4 A C
b
1. Determine whether each equation is an identity or not an identity. b2c2(1  cos A)(1  cos A)
 
1 1 4
a. 
2  
2  1 identity
sin
tan

b2c2 b2  c2  a2 b2  c2  a2
  1   1   Use the law of cosines.
cos
4  2bc  2bc 
b. 
sin
tan

not an identity
bca bca abc abc
     Simplify.
sin
cos
2 2 2 2
c.     cos
sin

cos
sin

not an identity
abc bca acb abc
Let s  . Then s  a  , s  b  , s  c  .
2 2 2 2
Answers

d. cos2
(tan2
 1)  1 identity

K 2  s(s  a)(s  b)(s  c) Substitute.

A13
sin2

e.   sin
csc
 sec2
identity K 

s(s  
a)(s  c)
b)(s 
cos2

1 1 The area of ABC is

f.     2 cos2
not an identity Heron’s Formula abc
1  sin
1  sin

s(s  a)(s  b)(s  c), where s  .
2

1
g. tan2
cos2
 
2 identity
csc

(Lesson 14-4)

Use Heron’s formula to find the area of ABC.

sin
1 1
h.      not an identity
sec
tan
cot
1. a  3, b  4.4, c  7 2. a  8.2, b  10.3, c  9.5

2. Which of the following is not permitted when verifying an identity? B 4.1 36.8

A. simplifying one side of the identity to match the other side

3. a  31.3, b  92.0, c  67.9 4. a  0.54, b  1.32, c  0.78
B. cross multiplying if the identity is a proportion 782.9 no such triangle
Lesson 14-4

C. simplifying each side of the identity separately to get the same expression on both sides
5. a  321, b  178, c  298 6. a  0.05, b  0.08, c  0.04
Helping You Remember 26,160.9 0.00082
3. Many students have trouble knowing where to start in verifying a trigonometric identity.
What is a simple rule that you can remember that you can always use if you don’t see a 7. a  21.5, b  33.0, c  41.7 8. a  2.08, b  9.13, c  8.99
quicker approach? Sample answer: Write both sides in terms of sines and 351.6 9.3
cosines. Then simplify each side as much as possible.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 859 Glencoe Algebra 2 © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 860 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
©
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14-5 Study Guide and Intervention 14-5 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Sum and Difference of Angles Formulas Sum and Difference of Angles Formulas
Sum and Difference Formulas The following formulas are useful for evaluating an Verify Identities You can also use the sum and difference of angles formulas to verify
expression like sin 15
from the known values of sine and cosine of 60
and 45
. identities.

Sum and The following identities hold true for all values of  and . 3
Example 1

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Difference cos ( )  cos  cos   sin  sin  Verify that cos
 
sin
is an identity.

2 
of Angles sin ( )  sin  cos  cos  sin  3
cos
 
sin
Original equation
 2 
3 3
cos
cos   sin
sin 
sin
Sum of Angles Formula
Example Find the exact value of each expression. 2 2
cos
0  sin
(1)
sin
Evaluate each expression.
a. cos 345 sin
 sin
Simplify.
cos 345
 cos (300
 45
)
 cos 300
cos 45
 sin 300
sin 45
Example 2 
Verify that sin
   cos (
 )
2 cos
is an identity.

2 
1
2

3

2

      
2 2 2   2 sin
   cos (
 )
2 cos
Original equation
 2 

2
 
6
  
  4 sin
cos   cos
sin   cos
cos   sin
sin 
2 cos
Sum and Difference of
2 2
Angles Formulas
b. sin (105) sin
0  cos
1  cos
(1)  sin
0
2 cos
Evaluate each expression.
sin (105
)  sin (45
 150
) 2 cos
 2 cos
Simplify.
 sin 45
cos 150
 cos 45
sin 150

Exercises
Answers

2

3

2 1
  
2 
2  2 2
Verify that each of the following is an identity.

A14

2
 
6

  
4 1. sin (90

)  cos

sin 90 cos
 cos 90 sin
 cos

Exercises 1 cos
 0 sin
 cos

cos

cos

Find the exact value of each expression.
2. cos (270

)  sin

1. sin 105
2. cos 285
3. cos (75
)
(Lesson 14-5)

2  6 6  2  6  2 cos 270 cos
 sin 270 sin
 sin


   0 cos
 (1) sin
 sin

4 4 4
sin

sin

4. cos (165
) 5. sin 195
6. cos 420
3. sin  
 cos
   sin

5
2  6  2   6 1
 23   6 
    2 2 5 5
4 4 2 sin  cos
 cos  sin
 cos
cos   sin
sin   sin

3 3 6 6
3 1 3 1
 cos
  sin
 cos
   sin
  sin

7. sin (75
) 8. cos 135
9. cos (15
) 2 2
 2
2 
2  6 2 2  6 sin

sin

    
4 2 4 3 
4. cos  
 sin
   
2
 sin

 4  4  
3 3  
10. sin 345
11. cos (105
) 12. sin 495
cos  cos
 sin  sin
 sin
cos   cos
sin   2
 sin

4 4
4 4 
2   6 2  6  2 2
 2
 2
 2
    cos
  sin
 sin
  cos
  2
 sin

4 4 2
2  2 2
2 
Lesson 14-5

2  sin

 sin

2
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14-5 Skills Practice 14-5 Practice (Average)

Sum and Difference of Angles Formulas Sum and Difference of Angles Formulas
Find the exact value of each expression. Find the exact value of each expression.
1 6
  2
 2
 
6  2
 6
  2
 
2  6

1. sin 330
 2. cos (165
)  3. sin (225
)  1. cos 75
 2. cos 375
 3. sin (165
) 
2 4 2 4 4 4
2
 2
 3 2  6
 1 1

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
4. cos 135
 5. sin (45)
 6. cos 210
 4. sin (105
)  5. sin 150
 6. cos 240

2 2 2 4 2 2
2
 6
  2
 6  2
 2 2
  6
 
2  6
7. cos (135
)  8. sin 75
 9. sin (195
)  7. sin 225
 8. sin (75
)  9. sin 195

2 4 4 2 4 4
Verify that each of the following is an identity. Verify that each of the following is an identity.
10. cos (180

)  cos

10. sin (90

)  cos

sin (90 
)  cos
cos (180 
)  cos

cos 180 cos
 sin 180 sin
 cos

sin 90 cos
 cos 90 sin
 cos
1 cos
 0 sin
 cos

1 cos
 0 sin
 cos
cos

cos

cos

cos
11. sin (360

)  sin

sin (360 
)  sin

11. sin (180

)  sin
sin 360 cos
 cos 360 sin
 sin

sin (180 
)  sin
0 cos
 1 sin
 sin

sin 180 cos
 cos 180 sin
 sin
sin

sin

0 cos
 (1) sin
 sin

12. sin (45

)  sin (45

) 
2
 sin

Answers

sin

sin

sin (45 
)  sin (45 
)
12. cos (270

)  sin
 sin 45 cos
 cos 45 sin
 (sin 45 cos
 cos 45 sin
)

A15
cos (270 
)  sin
 2 cos 45 sin

2
cos 270 cos
 sin 270 sin
 sin
 2  sin

2
0 cos
 (1) sin
 sin

 2 sin

sin

sin
 
13. cos x    sin x    sin x
 6   3 
13. cos (
 90
)  sin
 
cos (
 90)  sin
cos x    sin x  

6  3

(Lesson 14-5)

cos
cos 90  sin
sin 90  sin
   

 cos x cos   sin x sin   sin x cos   cos x sin 
(cos
)(0)  (sin
)(1)  sin
6 6 3 3
sin

sin
3 1 1 3
  cos x   sin x   sin x   cos x
2 2 2 2

sin x
14. sin
   cos

 2 
 14. SOLAR ENERGY On March 21, the maximum amount of solar energy that falls on a
sin
   cos
square foot of ground at a certain location is given by E sin (90
 ), where  is the
2

  latitude of the location and E is a constant. Use the difference of angles formula to find
sin
cos   cos
sin   cos

2 2 the amount of solar energy, in terms of cos , for a location that has a latitude of .
(sin
)(0)  (cos
)(1)  cos
E cos 
cos

cos

ELECTRICITY In Exercises 15 and 16, use the following information.
15. cos ( 
)  cos
In a certain circuit carrying alternating current, the formula i  2 sin (120t) can be used to
cos ( 
)  cos
find the current i in amperes after t seconds.
Sample answer:
cos  cos
 sin  sin
 cos
15. Rewrite the formula using the sum of two angles. i
2 sin (90t  30t)
1 cos
 0 sin
 cos

Lesson 14-5

cos

cos
16. Use the sum of angles formula to find the exact current at t  1 second. 3
 amperes
© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 863 Glencoe Algebra 2 © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 864 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
©
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14-5 Reading to Learn Mathematics 14-5 Enrichment

Sum and Difference of Angles Formulas
Pre-Activity How are the sum and difference formulas used to describe Identities for the Products of Sines and Cosines
communication interference?
By adding the identities for the sines of the sum and difference of the
Read the introduction to Lesson 14-5 at the top of page 786 in your textbook. measures of two angles, a new identity is obtained.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Consider the functions y  sin x and y  2 sin x. Do the graphs of these two
functions have constructive interference or destructive interference? sin (  )  sin  cos   cos  sin 
constructive sin (  )  sin  cos   cos  sin 
(i) sin (  )  sin (  )  2 sin  cos 

This new identity is useful for expressing certain products as sums.

Reading the Lesson

Example Write sin 3
cos
as a sum.
1. Match each expression from the list on the left with an expression from the list on the
right that is equal to it for all values of the variables. (Some of the expressions from the In the identity let   3
and  
so that
list on the right may be used more than once or not at all.) 2 sin 3
cos
 sin (3

)  sin (3

). Thus,
1 1
sin 3
cos
  sin 4
  sin 2
.
a. sin (  ) v i. sin  2 2

b. cos (  ) vi ii. sin  cos   cos  sin  By subtracting the identities for sin (  ) and sin (  ),
a similar identity for expressing a product as a difference is obtained.
c. sin (180
 ) vii iii. cos 
Answers

(ii) sin (  )  sin (  )  2 cos  sin 

d. sin (180
 ) i iv. cos  cos   sin  sin 

A16
e. cos (180
 ) iii v. sin  cos   cos  sin  Solve.

f. sin (  ) ii vi. cos  cos   sin  sin  1. Use the identities for cos (  ) and cos (  ) to find identities
for expressing the products 2 cos  cos  and 2 sin  sin  as a sum
g. cos (90
 ) i vii. sin  or difference.
2 cos  cos 
cos (  )  cos (  )
h. cos (  ) iv viii. cos 
2 sin  sin 
cos (  )  cos (  )
(Lesson 14-5)

2. Which expressions are equal to sin 15
? (There may be more than one correct choice.)
A. sin 45
cos 30
 cos 45
sin 30
B. sin 45
cos 30
 cos 45
sin 30
B and C
2. Find the value of sin 105
cos 75
without using tables.
C. sin 60
cos 45
 cos 60
sin 45
D. cos 60
cos 45
 sin 60
sin 45
1
 [sin (105  75)  sin (105  75)];
2
1 1 1 1 1
 0   ;  

Helping You Remember 2
2 2 2
 4

3. Some students have trouble remembering which signs to use on the right-hand sides of

the sum and difference of angle formulas. What is an easy way to remember this? 3. Express cos
sin  as a difference.
2




Sample answer: In the sine identities, the signs are the same on both 2 cos
sin 
sin
   sin
 
2
2 
2 
sides. In the cosine identities, the signs are opposite on the two sides.

1 3
1

cos
sin 
 sin    sin 
2 2 2 2 2
Lesson 14-5

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14-6 Study Guide and Intervention 14-6 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Double-Angle and Half-Angle Formulas Double-Angle and Half-Angle Formulas

Double-Angle Formulas Half-Angle Formulas
The following identities hold true for all values of
. Half-Angle The following identities hold true for all values of .
Double-Angle sin 2
 2 sin
cos
cos 2
 cos2
 sin2
Formulas  1  cos   1  cos 
sin    cos   

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
2 2 2 2
Formulas cos 2
 1  2 sin2

 
cos 2
 2 cos2
 1

Lesson 14-6
Example  2
Find the exact value of sin  if sin 
 and 90  180.
2 3
Example Find the exact values of sin 2
and cos 2
if First find cos .
9 2 2 2 2
cos   1  sin  cos   sin   1
sin

 and 180
270.
10 2 2
cos2   1   sin   
First, find the value of cos
.  23  3

cos2
 1  sin2
cos2
 sin2
 1 5

cos2    Simplify.
9 2 9
9
cos2
 1   sin
 
5
 10  10
cos    Take the square root of each side.
19 3
cos2
 
5

100 Since  is in the second quadrant, cos     .

19 3
cos
  10  1  cos 

19
 sin    Half-Angle formula
2 2
Since
is in the third quadrant, cos
is negative. Thus cos
   .

10


1   5
To find sin 2
, use the identity sin 2
 2 sin
cos
.   
 3
5

 cos    
Answers

sin 2
 2 sin
cos
2 3

9
19
 3 
5

 2      Simplify.

A17
10 10   6
9
19

50
 6
5
18   
  Rationalize.
6
9
19

The value of sin 2
is 50
. 
Since  is between 90
and 180
,  is between 45
and 90
. Thus sin  is positive and

2 2
To find cos 2
, use the identity cos 2
 1  2 sin2
.
 6
5
18   
equals  .
cos 2
 1  2 sin2
6
9 2
(Lesson 14-6)

 1  2  Exercises
 10 
31
 .  
50 Find the exact value of sin  and cos  for each of the following.
31 2 2
The value of cos 2
is . 3 4
50 1. cos   , 180
 270
2. cos   , 90
 180

5 5
25 5 310
 10
Exercises ,  , 
5 5 10 10
Find the exact values of sin 2
and cos 2
for each of the following. 3 2
3. sin   , 270
 360
4. cos   , 90
 180

5 3
1 15 7 1 37
 31
1. sin
 , 0

90
,  2. sin
 , 270

360
,  10
 10
3 30
 6

4 8 8 8 32 32 ,  , 
10 10 6 6
3 24 7 4 24 7
3. cos
 , 180

270
,  4. cos
 , 90

180
, 
5 25 25 5 25 25 Find the exact value of each expression by using the half-angle formulas.
1 7
3 2 5. cos 22
6. sin 67.5
7. cos 
5. sin
 , 270

360
6. cos
 , 90

180
2 8
5 3
24 7 45 1  2
2   2
2  2  2
 
,  ,    
25 25 9 9 2 2 2

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Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
©
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-6 Skills Practice 14-6 Practice (Average)

Double-Angle and Half-Angle Formulas Double-Angle and Half-Angle Formulas

Find the exact values of sin 2
, cos 2
, sin , and cos  for each of the following. Find the exact values of sin 2
, cos 2
, sin , and cos  for each of the following.
2 2 2 2
7 4 5 8
1. cos
 , 0

90
2. sin
 , 180

270
1. cos
 , 0

90
2. sin
 , 90

180

25 5 13 17

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
336 527 3 4 24 7 5 25 120 119 2 13
13 3 240 161 4 17
17 
, , ,  , , ,  , , ,  , , , 
625 625 5 5 25 25 5 5 169 169 13 13 289 289 17 17

Lesson 14-6
1 2
3. cos
 , 270

360
4. sin
 , 180

270

4 3
40 3 15
 7 6  10 45 1  5
18  6  5
18  6
3. sin
 , 90

180
4. cos
 , 270

360
, , , 
41 7 8
, ,  ,  
9 6 6
8 4 4 9
720 1519 5 41
41 4 1210 14
31  35

, , ,  , , , 
1681 1681 41 41 49 49 7 7 Find the exact value of each expression by using the half-angle formulas.

5. tan 105
6. tan 15
7. cos 67.5
8. sin 
3 5  8 
5. cos
 , 90

180
6. sin
 , 0

90

5 13 2  2
  2  2
 
24 7 25 5 120 119 
26 526
 2  3
 2  3
  
, , ,  , , ,  2 2
25 25 5 5 169 169 26 26
Verify that each of the following is an identity.

tan
 sin
1  cos
2 tan
 sin

Find the exact value of each expression by using the half-angle formulas. 9. sin2   
2 2 tan

 2 2 tan

    ;
Answers

tan
sin

1  2
2   3
2    
7. cos 22
 8. sin 165
 1  cos
tan
tan
1  cos
1  cos

2 2 2    ; 

tan

A18
2 2  2 2
tan

2  3
   2  2
 
9. cos 105
 10. sin   10. sin 4
 4 cos 2
sin
cos
sin 4
 4 cos 2
sin
cos

2 8 2 sin 2(2
)  4 cos 2
sin
cos

2 sin 2
cos 2
 4 cos 2
sin
cos

15 2  2
   3
2  2(2 sin
cos
)(cos 2
)  4 cos 2
sin
cos

11. sin    12. cos 75
 4 cos 2
sin
cos

4 cos 2
sin
cos

8 2 2
(Lesson 14-6)

11. AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY In aerial photography, there is a reduction in film exposure for
any point X not directly below the camera. The reduction E
is given by E
 E0 cos4
,
where
is the angle between the perpendicular line from the camera to the ground and the
Verify that each of the following is an line from the camera to point X, and E0 is the exposure for the point directly below the
cos 2
2
identity. camera. Using the identity 2 sin2
 1  cos 2
, verify that E0 cos4
 E0    .  12 2 
2 tan

13. sin 2
  2 sin2
2
1  tan2
E0 cos4

E0(cos2
)2
E0(1  sin2
)2
E0 1  

2 tan


2 
sin 2
  1  cos 2
2 1 cos 2
2
1  tan2
E0 1  
E0   

2 2 2 

2 tan

2 sin
cos
  12. IMAGING A scanner takes thermal images from altitudes of 300 to 12,000 meters. The
sec2

width W of the swath covered by the image is given by W  2H tan
, where H is the
sin
2H sin 2

2 sin
cos
 2  cos2
height and
is half the scanner’s field of view. Verify that   2H tan
.
cos
1  cos 2

2 sin
cos

2 sin
cos
2H  sin 2
4Hsin
cos
4H sin
cos
2H sin





2Htan

1  cos 2
1  (2 cos2
 1) 2 cos2
cos

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 869 Glencoe Algebra 2 © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 870 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
©
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-6 Reading to Learn Mathematics 14-6 Enrichment

Double-Angle and Half-Angle Formulas
Pre-Activity How can trigonometric functions be used to describe music? Alternating Current
Read the introduction to Lesson 14-6 at the top of page 791 in your textbook. The figure at the right represents an alternating
Suppose that the equation for the second harmonic is y  sin a
. Then what current generator. A rectangular coil of wire is
X

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
would be the equations for the fundamental tone (first harmonic), third suspended between the poles of a magnet. As the coil A
harmonic, fourth harmonic, and fifth harmonic? of wire is rotated, it passes through the magnetic field

Lesson 14-6
B D
y
sin 0.5a
; y
sin 1.5a
; y
sin 2a
; y
sin 2.5a
and generates current.
C
As point X on the coil passes through the points A and
Reading the Lesson C, its motion is along the direction of the magnetic
field between the poles. Therefore, no current is
1. Match each expression from the list on the left with all expressions from the list on the generated. However, through points Band D, the
right that are equal to it for all values of . motion of X is perpendicular to the magnetic field. The maximum current may have a positive
 This induces maximum current in the coil. Between A or negative value.
a. sin  v i. 2 sin  cos  and B, B and C, C and D, and D and A, the current in
2
the coil will have an intermediate value. Thus, the i(amperes)
b. cos 2 ii and iii ii. 1  2 sin2  graph of the current of an alternating current B
generator is closely related to the sine curve.

c. cos  iv iii. cos2   sin2  t(seconds)
2 The actual current, i, in a household current is given A
1  cos  by i  IM sin(120t  ) where IM is the maximum O C
d. sin 2 i iv. 
value of the current, t is the elapsed time in seconds,
2

Answers

1  cos  and  is the angle determined by the position of the

v.  coil at time tn. D
2


A19
2. Determine whether you would use the positive or negative square root in the half-angle 
 
Example If 
, find a value of t for which i
0.
identities for sin  and cos  in each of the following situations. (Do not actually 2
2 2
 
calculate sin  and cos .) If i  0, then IM sin (120t  )  0. i  IM sin(120t  )
2 2
 2 Since IM  0, sin(120t  )  0. If ab  0 and a  0, then b  0.
a. sin , if cos    and  is in Quadrant I
2 5
positive
Let 120t    s. Thus, sin s  0.

(Lesson 14-6)

b. cos , if cos   0.9 and  is in Quadrant II positive s   because sin   0.

2
120t     Substitute 120t   for s.
  
c. cos , if sin   0.75 and  is in Quadrant III negative 120t     Substitute  for .
2 2 2
1
   Solve for t.
d. sin , if sin   0.8 and  is in Quadrant IV positive 240
2
This solution is the first positive value of t that satisfies the problem.

Helping You Remember Using the equation for the actual current in a household circuit,
3. Many students find it difficult to remember a large number of identities. How can you i
IM sin(120t  ), solve each problem. For each problem, find the
obtain all three of the identities for cos 2
by remembering only one of them and using a first positive value of t.
Pythagorean identity?
1. If   0, find a value of t for 2. If   0, find a value of t for which
Sample answer: Just remember the identity cos 2

cos2
 sin2
. which i  0. 1 i  IM. 1

t
120 
t
240
Using the Pythagorean identity cos2
 sin2

1, you can substitute
either 1  sin2
for cos2
or 1  cos2
for sin2
to get the other two  
3. If   , find a value of t for which 4. If   , find a value of t for which
2 4
identities for cos 2
. 1 1
i  IM. t
 i  0. t

120 160

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 871 Glencoe Algebra 2 © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 872 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
©
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-7 Study Guide and Intervention 14-7 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Solving Trigonometric Equations Solving Trigonometric Equations

Solve Trigonometric Equations You can use trigonometric identities to solve Use Trigonometric Equations
trigonometric equations, which are true for only certain values of the variable.
Example LIGHT Snell’s law says that sin 
1.33 sin , where  is the angle
Example 1 Find all solutions of Example 2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Solve sin 2
 cos

0 at which a beam of light enters water and  is the angle at which the beam travels
4 sin2
 1
0 for the interval for all values of
. Give your answer in through the water. If a beam of light enters water at 42, at what angle does the
0
360. both radians and degrees. light travel through the water?
4 sin2
 1  0 sin 2
 cos
 0
sin   1.33 sin  Original equation
4 sin2
 1 2 sin
cos
 cos
 0
sin 42
 1.33 sin    42

1 cos
(2 sin
 1)  0
sin2
  sin 42

4 sin    Divide each side by 1.33.
1
cos
 0 or 2 sin
 1  0 1.33
sin
  1 sin  0.5031 Use a calculator.
2 sin
 
2  30.2
Take the arcsin of each side.

 30
, 150
, 210
, 330


 90
 k 180
;
 210
 k 360
,

Lesson 14-7
 The light travels through the water at an angle of approximately 30.2
.

   k  330
 k 360
;
2 7

   k 2,
6
11
  k 2 Exercises
6
1. A 6-foot pipe is propped on a 3-foot tall packing crate that sits on level ground. One foot
of the pipe extends above the top of the crate and the other end rests on the ground.
Answers

Exercises What angle does the pipe form with the ground? 36.9
Find all solutions of each equation for the given interval.

A20
2. At 1:00 P.M. one afternoon a 180-foot statue casts a shadow that is 85 feet long. Write an
1. 2 cos2
 cos
 1, 0 
2 2. sin2
cos2
 0, 0 
2 equation to find the angle of elevation of the Sun at that time. Find the angle of
 5  3 elevation. 180
, ,  0, , ,  tan

 ; 64.7
3 3 2 2 85
3. A conveyor belt is set up to carry packages from the ground into a window 28 feet above

3
 the ground. The angle that the conveyor belt forms with the ground is 35
. How long is
3. cos 2
 
2
, 0

360
4. 2 sin

3
  0, 0 
2
 2 the conveyor belt from the ground to the window sill? 48.8 ft
(Lesson 14-7)

15, 165, 195, 345 , 

3 3

SPORTS The distance a golf ball travels can be found using the formula
v 2
0
Solve each equation for all values of
if
is measured in radians. d
 sin 2
, where v0 is the initial velocity of the ball, g is the acceleration due
g
to gravity (which is 32 feet per second squared), and
is the angle that the path of
5. 4 sin2
 3  0 6. 2 cos
sin
 cos
 0 the ball makes with the ground.
 2  3
  k ,   k    k 2,   k 2,
3 3 2 2 4. How far will a ball travel hit 90 feet per second at an angle of 55
? 237.9 ft
7 11
  k 2,   k 2
6 6 5. If a ball that traveled 300 feet had an initial velocity of 110 feet per second, what angle
did the path of the ball make with the ground? 26.3 or 63.7
Solve each equation for all values of
if
is measured in degrees.
1 6. Some children set up a teepee in the woods. The poles are 7 feet long from their
7. cos 2
 sin2
  8. tan 2
 1
2
intersection to their bases, and the children want the distance between the poles to be
45  k 90 67.5  k 360, 157.5  k 360 4 feet at the base. How wide must the angle be between the poles? 33.2

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 873 Glencoe Algebra 2 © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 874 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
©
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-7 Skills Practice 14-7 Practice (Average)

Solving Trigonometric Equations Solving Trigonometric Equations

Find all solutions of each equation for the given interval. Find all solutions of each equation for the given interval.

2

1. sin
 
2
, 0

360
45, 135 2. 2 cos
 
3
, 90

180
150 1. sin 2
 cos
, 90

180
2.
2
 cos
 sin 2
, 0

360

 5 90, 150 45, 90, 135, 270

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
3. tan2
 1, 180

360
225, 315 4. 2 sin
 1, 0 
 , 
6 6 3. cos 4
 cos 2
, 180

360
4. cos
 cos (90 
)  0, 0 
2
3  2 3 7
5. sin2
 sin
 0,  
2 ,  6. 2 cos2
 cos
 0, 0 
 ,  180, 240, 300 , 
2 2 3 4 4
3 
5. 2  cos
 2 sin2
,  
  6. tan2
 sec
 1,  

2 2
4 3 2
Solve each equation for all values of
if
is measured in radians. ,  
3 2 3
7. 2 cos2
 cos
 1 8. sin2
 2 sin
 1  0 Solve each equation for all values of
if
is measured in radians.
2 4 
0  2k,   2k, and   2k   2k 7. cos2
 sin2
8. cot
 cot3

3 3 2

Lesson 14-7
    
9. sin
 sin
cos
 0 10. sin2
1   k 
4 2
  k and   k 
2 4 2

k   k 9.
2 sin3
 sin2
10. cos2
sin
 sin

2  3
1 k,   2k, and   2k k
11. 4 cos
 1  2 cos
12. tan
cos
  4 4
2
2 4  5 11. 2 cos 2
 1  2 sin2
12. sec2
 2
  2k,   2k   2k,   2k    
3 3 6 6
Answers

  k    k 
4 2 4 2

A21
Solve each equation for all values of
if
is measured in degrees.
Solve each equation for all values of
if
is measured in degrees.
13. sin2
cos
 cos
14. csc2
 3 csc
 2  0
13. 2 sin
 1  0 14. 2 cos

3
0
90  k 180 30  k 360, 90  k 360, and
210  k 360 and 330  k 360 150  k 360 and 210  k 360 150  k 360
3
15.
2
 sin
 1  0 16. 2 cos2
 1 15.   4(1  cos
) 16.
2
 cos2
 cos2

1  cos

(Lesson 14-7)

225  k 360 and 315  k 360 45  k 90 60  k 180 and 120  k 180 90  k 180 and 450  k 360

17. 4 sin2
 3 18. cos 2
 1 Solve each equation for all values of
.
60  k 180 and 120  k 180 90  k 180  2  5
17. 4 sin2
 3   k and   k, 18. 4 sin2
 1  0   k and   k,
3 3 6 6
or 60  k 180 and 120  k 180 or 30  k 180 and 150  k 180
 k 
Solve each equation for all values of
. 19. 2 sin2
 3 sin
 1   , 20. cos 2
 sin
 1  0 k and   2k,
6 3 6
19. 3 cos2
 sin2
 0 20. sin
 sin 2
 0 or 30  k 60 or k 180 and 30  k 360
 2 2 21. WAVES Waves are causing a buoy to float in a regular pattern in the water. The vertical
  k and   k, or k and   2k, or
3 3 3 position of the buoy can be described by the equation h  2 sin x. Write an expression
60
 k 180
and 120
 k 180
k 180
and 120
 k 360
that describes the position of the buoy when its height is at its midline. k or k 180

21. 2 sin2
 sin
 1 22. cos
 sec
 2 22. ELECTRICITY The electric current in a certain circuit with an alternating current can
 2 be described by the formula i  3 sin 240t, where i is the current in amperes and t is the
  k , or 90
 k 120
2k, or k 360
time in seconds. Write an expression that describes the times at which there is no
2 3
current. 0.75kt

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 875 Glencoe Algebra 2 © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 876 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
©
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

14-7 Reading to Learn Mathematics 14-7 Enrichment

Solving Trigonometric Equations
Pre-Activity How can trigonometric equations be used to predict temperature? Families of Curves
Read the introduction to Lesson 14-7 at the top of page 799 in your textbook.
Use these graphs for the problems below.
Describe how you could use a graphing calculator to determine the months in

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
which the average daily high temperature is above 80
F. (Assume that x  1 The Family y  xn The Family y  emx
represents January.) Specify the graphing window that you would use. y = y
n=4 n=2 n=1 m=–2 m
– 4 m = 4m = 2
Sample answer: Graph the functions 1.8
y
11.56 sin (0.4516x  1.641)  80.89 (using radian mode) n = 10 m = – 1–2 m=–1 m=1 m = 1–2
1.6 4
and y
80 on the same screen. Use the window [1, 12] by n = 1–2
[60, 100] with Xscl
1 and Yscl
4. Note the x values for 1.4
n = 1–4
which the curve is above the horizontal line. 1.2 3
m = 1–4
1.0 1
n= ––
10
0.8 m= – 1–4
Reading the Lesson 2

Lesson 14-7
0.6
1. Identify which equations have no solution. C, E, and G m=0
0.4
1
A. sin
 1 B. tan
 0.001 C. sec
  0.2
2
D. csc
 3 E. cos
 1.01 F. cot
 1000 O 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 x –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 x

G. cos
 2  1 H. sec
 1.5  0 I. sin
 0.009  0.99

1. Use the graph on the left to describe the relationship among the curves
Answers

1
2. Use a trigonometric identity to write the first step in the solution of each trigonometric  1
y  x 2 , y  x 1, and y  x 2. For n
 and n
2, the graphs are
equation. (Do not complete the solution.) 2

A22
reflections of one another in the line with equation y
x1.
a. tan
 cos2
 sin2
, 0 
2 tan

1
1
1 1 
b. sin2
 2 sin
 1  0, 0

360
(sin
1)2
0 2. Graph y  x n for n  , , 4, and 10 on the grid with y  x 2 , y  x 1, and
10 4
y  x 2.
c. cos 2
 sin
, 0

360
1  2 sin2

sin

See students’ graphs.
d. sin 2
 cos
, 0 
2 2 sin
cos

cos

(Lesson 14-7)

e. 2 cos 2
 3 cos
 1, 0

360
2(2 cos2
 1)  3 cos

1 3. Which two regions in the first quadrant contain no points of the graphs
f. 3 tan2
 5 tan
 2  0 (3 tan
 1)(tan
 2)
0 of the family for y  x n?
{(x, y) x > 1 and 0 < y < 1} and {(x, y) 0 < x < 1 and y > 1}
Helping You Remember
4. On the right grid, graph the members of the family y  e mx for which
3. A good way to remember something is to explain it to someone else. How would you m  1 and m  1.
explain to a friend the difference between verifying a trigonometric identity and solving
a trigonometric equation. Sample answer: Verifying a trigonometric identity See students’ graphs.
means showing that the two sides are equal for all values of the variable
for which the functions involved are defined. This is done by
transforming one or both sides until the same expression is obtained on 5. Describe the relationship among these two curves and the y-axis.
both sides. Solving a trigonometric equation means finding the values of the graphs for m
1 and m
1 are reflections in the y-axis.
the variable for which both sides are equal. This process may require
simplifying trigonometric expressions, but it also requires finding the 1 1
angles for which a trigonometric function has a particular value. 6. Graph y  e mx for m  0, , , 2, and 4.
4 2
See students’ graphs.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 877 Glencoe Algebra 2 © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 878 Glencoe Algebra 2

Glencoe Algebra 2
 Chapter 14 Assessment Answer Key
Form 1 Form 2A
Page 879 Page 880 Page 881

1. B 10. C 1. A

11. A C
2.

2. A B
12.
3. B

3. D
13. D

4. A
14. C

4. C
15. D
5. D

5. A

16. C

Answers
6. C

A 17. A
6.

7. B
B 18. B
7.

D 19. A 8. D
8.

9. C
9. B
20. C

B: See students’ answers.

(continued on the next page)

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A23 Glencoe Algebra 2
 Chapter 14 Assessment Answer Key
Form 2A (continued) Form 2B
Page 882 Page 883 Page 884

10. C 1. C 11. D

11. A
2. B
12. B

C 3. D
12.

13. C

13. A
4. B
14. C
14. B

5. A
15. D
15. D

6. A
16. D 16. A

7. C
17. C
17. C

B 8. D
18.
18. B

19. C
B 19. A
9.

10. A
20. A
20. D
B: See students’ answers.
B: See students’ answers.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A24 Glencoe Algebra 2

 Chapter 14 Assessment Answer Key
Form 2C
Page 885 Page 886
1. y 10. See students’ answers.
2

11. See students’ answers.

O 2
1
6

2

 



2 12. 4

2

6

 



3; 90 or


13. 4
2. 2

14. See students’ answers.

3. none; 900 or 5

2



15.
4. 3
y

 
18  12
2

2



6
16.
O
2
2

 2 
3


2

17.

Answers
5.
y
2 y1
18. See students’ answers.
O
1 2

3 y 2
4 19.
6 y 5

5



6. 4 20. about 15 weeks

21





7. 2

8. 1
1



B: 2
9. tan2

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A25 Glencoe Algebra 2
 Chapter 14 Assessment Answer Key
Form 2D
Page 887 Page 888
1. y 10. See students’ answers.
2

O
2 11. See students’ answers.
2

6

2

 



12. 4
2
2; 120 or

2 
6

 
2. 3


13. 4

3. none; 720 or 4
14. See students’ answers.
2



4. 3


7

y 15. 8
2

O
2
 
18  12
2

2


6
16.

2

3



2

5.
y
17.
5 y4

2 y1

18. See students’ answers.

O
1 2
0  k  180,
3
60  k  360,
y 2 300  k  360
19.
3
2



6. 4
20. about 10 weeks

21




7. 2

8. 1

B: 0
9.
sec2

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A26 Glencoe Algebra 2

 Chapter 14 Assessment Answer Key
Form 3
Page 889 Page 890
1. y
10. See students’ answers.
3
2
1
11.
O 

2

6 
1 2 3 4



2 12. 4

13. See students’ answers.

2 


; 90 or


2. 15 2
3. none; 900 or 5
14. See students’ answers.

3
55





4. 3; none; 90; 45 15. 32
y
8

6






32
2
87

y3
4 16.
2

O 90° 180° 270° 360°


2

3

17.

Answers
3 


; 3; ;



5. 2 4
y 18. See students’ answers.
6 9
y
2
 2k
y 3





2
19. 3 3
1
O 2
2
3 y 3 20. 0.42 sec
2

6.

7.

8. 1 17
10



B: 75
9. See students’ answers.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A27 Glencoe Algebra 2

 Chapter 14 Assessment Answer Key
Page 891, Open-Ended Assessment
Scoring Rubric

Score General Description Specific Criteria

4 Superior • Shows thorough understanding of the concepts of

A correct solution that trigonometric functions and their translations; using and
is supported by well- verifying trigonometric identities; finding values of sine and
developed, accurate cosine involving sum and difference, double-angle, and
explanations half-angle formulas; and solving trigonometric equations.
• Uses appropriate strategies to solve problems.
• Computations are correct.
• Written explanations are exemplary.
• Graphs are accurate and appropriate.
• Goes beyond requirements of some or all problems.

3 Satisfactory • Shows an understanding of the concepts of trigonometric

A generally correct solution, functions and their translations; using and verifying
but may contain minor flaws trigonometric identities; finding values of sine and cosine
in reasoning or computation involving sum and difference, double-angle, and half-angle
formulas; and solving trigonometric equations.
• Uses appropriate strategies to solve problems.
• Computations are mostly correct.
• Written explanations are effective.
• Graphs are mostly accurate and appropriate.
• Satisfies all requirements of problems.

2 Nearly Satisfactory • Shows an understanding of most of the concepts of

A partially correct trigonometric functions and their translations; using and
interpretation and/or verifying trigonometric identities; finding values of sine and
solution to the problem cosine involving sum and difference, double-angle, and
half-angle formulas; and solving trigonometric equations.
• May not use appropriate strategies to solve problems.
• Computations are mostly correct.
• Written explanations are satisfactory.
• Graphs are mostly accurate.
• Satisfies the requirements of most of the problems.
1 Nearly Unsatisfactory • Final computation is correct.
A correct solution with no • No written explanations or work is shown to substantiate
supporting evidence or the final computation.
explanation • Satisfies minimal requirements of some of the problems.

0 Unsatisfactory • Shows little or no understanding of most of the concepts of

An incorrect solution trigonometric functions and their translations; using and
indicating no mathematical verifying trigonometric identities; finding values of sine and
understanding of the cosine involving sum and difference, double-angle, and
concept or task, or no half-angle formulas; and solving trigonometric equations.
solution is given • Does not use appropriate strategies to solve problems.
• Computations are incorrect.
• Written explanations are unsatisfactory.
• Does not satisfy requirements of problems.
• Graphs are inaccurate or inappropriate.
• No answer may be given.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A28 Glencoe Algebra 2

 Chapter 14 Assessment Answer Key
Page 891, Open-Ended Assessment
Sample Answers
In addition to the scoring rubric found on page A28, the following sample answers
may be used as guidance in evaluating open-ended assessment items.

1. Students should explain that the Sample answer by method in 14-4B:

answers given by Groups A and B are 
1

tan2
 1
incorrect. For

0, cot
is undefined, 1  sin2

1 sin2

so this solution is extraneous. While the 
 1
answer given by Group D is correct, 1  (1  cos
)
2 cos2

1 sin2
cos2

giving all angles coterminal with 90 
   
cos

2 cos

2 cos2

and 270, the Group C answer includes 1 sin2
 cos2

all of these same values for
in a single 
 
cos

2 cos2

expression, so is the most efficient way 1

1
in which to express the solution. cos2
cos2

2. Student responses must have one of the 4. For sin
to exist, students must select p
four forms: y
a csc 4(
 h)  k, and q so that  p    q . Signs of p and q
y
a sec 4(
 h)  k, must be consistent with the quadrant
y
a tan 2(
 h)  k, or selected and the sign of the sine
y
a cot 2(
 h)  k, where a is any function in that quadrant. Then, using
real number, h  0, and k  0. appropriate values and signs for p and
q, students should apply the necessary


Sample answer: y
3 tan 2
   1
4  identities and formulas to evaluate each
function.
y
5 Sample answer: For p
3 and q
5,
4
3
and the terminal side of
in Quadrant
III, sin

3. Therefore, cos

4,
2 y 1
5 5

Answers
3 5 5
1
O
 2 tan

, csc

, sec

,
4 3 4
2
3 cot

, sin 2

, cos 2

7,
4 24
3 25 25

310

10
3. Ideally, students should verify the sin 
, and cos 
.
2 10 2 10
identity by transforming one side of the
equation into the form of the other side 5. Sample answers:
(as in 14-4A), and by transforming both 5a. sin 240
sin (180  60)
sides of the equation separately into a
sin 180 cos 60  cos 180 sin 60
common form (as covered in 14-4B). 3


Sample answer by method in 14-4A: 2
1 5b. sin 240
sin (270  30)

tan2
 1
1  sin2

sin 270 cos 30  cos 270 sin 30
1

tan2
 1 


3
1  (1  cos2
) 2
1

tan2
 1 5c. sin 240
sin (2 120)
cos2

sec2

tan2
1 3

2 sin 120 cos 120


tan2
 1
tan2
 1 2
480
5d. sin 240
sin  
2


1  cos 480

 

2

2
3


© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A29 Glencoe Algebra 2

 Chapter 14 Assessment Answer Key
Vocabulary Test/Review Quiz (Lessons 14–1 and 14–2) Quiz (Lessons 14–5 and 14–6)
Page 892 Page 893 Page 894
1. false; amplitude
6 
2 



1. 4
2. false; vertical shift 1


; 360
1. 2 2.
3. false; midline y


3



4. true
1 3. 3

O 4. See students’ answers.

5. false; half-angle 90 180 270 360
1
formula
5. See students’ answers.
6. true
none;


2. 2
7. true
y 6.
8. Sample answer: A 2
phase shift is a
horizontal O 3
7.
translation of the 2
4 2 4

 1
50
10
2
graph of a



trigonometric 8.
function.








2

2

3. 4
9.

4. 2; y  2
10. See students’ answers.

Quiz (Lessons 14–3 and 14–4) Quiz (Lesson 14–7)

Page 893 Page 894

1. 30, 150, 270

1.  2 4 5
1

,

,

,




2. 3 3 3 3
2. 2
3. 0  k  120
3. 4
 5


 2k,

 2k
4. tan2
4. 6 6

40
s

; about 53
A 5. tan

5.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A30 Glencoe Algebra 2

 Chapter 14 Assessment Answer Key
Mid-Chapter Test Cumulative Review
Page 895 Page 896

1. C 1. x 
2  x  3

4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4

2. A 16
x2
3x  9



2. x
1

13(n2)2
52(n2)  0;
3.
2, 0, 2

log 20


; 1.4406
4. log 8
3. B
5. 21

4. A 11



6. 56

5. C 11



y 7. 32
1
Sample answers:
15  29 
6.

,



8. 11 11
O

Answers
2
1


3



none; 45 or

9. 2
7. 4

3
sin


1
, cos




10. 2 2

7



8. 4
11. 2; 6
9. cos

5

10. 1 12. 12



98 
 28



1 0
11. See students’ answers. 13. 14

14.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A31 Glencoe Algebra 2

 Chapter 14 Assessment Answer Key
Standardized Test Practice
Page 897 Page 898
1. A B C D 9. 10.
3 0 1 5
/ / / /
. . . . . . . .
0 0 0 0 0 0
2. E F G H
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
3. A B C D
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

11. 12.
4 5 1 . 7 0
/ / / /
. . . . . . . .
0 0 0 0 0 0
4. E F G H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

5. A B C D

6. E F G H

13. A B C D
7. A B C D

14. A B C D

8. E F G H
15. A B C D

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A32 Glencoe Algebra 2

 Chapter 14 Assessment Answer Key
Unit 5 Test
Page 899 Page 900
A  70, a  27.5, 18. y
1. c  29.2 4

5


2
2. 36 2
O

3. 324 2

Sample answers: 4
4. 50, 670
4
41

sin
 

;
41 2
cos
 

5
41 1; 120 or


; 19. 3
5. 41


tan

4
; csc
 
41

;
5 4 20. none; 720 or 4
41 5
sec
 

; cot



5 4 
6. y


21. 3
O y
x 2
3 2
3
O
2
2

7. 
3

22. 1; y  1

2



5
8. 2


23. 3

Answers
9. 0
31

 24. 1



10. 2


2



99.5 ft 25. 2
11.
2 
6

 
one; B  129.5,


12. C  15.5, b  57.8 26. 4

27. See students’ answers.

Law of Cosines; A  87.1,
13. B  54.2, C  38.6
35
Law of Sines; C  86,


28. 18
14. b  9.7, c  15.6

21




sin
 
8
; cos
 

15

29. 6
15. 17 17

30. about 12 weeks



or 60
16. 3

17. See students’ work.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A33 Glencoe Algebra 2

 Chapter 14 Assessment Answer Key
Second Semester Test
Page 901 Page 902

1. B 11. D

12. B

2. A
13. D

3. C A
14.

4. C 15. B

16. C
5. D

17. C

6. A D
18.

7. A
19. B

8. D

9. B

10. C
20. A

(continued on the next page)

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A34 Glencoe Algebra 2
 Chapter 14 Assessment Answer Key
Second Semester Test (continued)
Page 903 Page 904

y 
1
(x
2)2  3 34. 192

21. 8

8
(x
10)2  (y  3)2 
1



22. 25 35. 11
243x5
405x4y  270x3y2

(0, 1); (0, 
10
); 36. 90x2y3  15xy4
y5
1
y  

x
23. 3 37. Sample answer:
y n2

38. 35
x
O
1



39. 18

24. (x  1)  (y  1)  25;
2 2 21



circle 40. 32

25.

26. inverse; 3.1

41. positively skewed

Answers
9


25
27. 2


42. 65,536


4

28. 3
3.1945 15 8
29. sin



; cos



;
43. 17 17
15 17
tan


; csc



;
8 15
30. 27 17
sec



; cot

8

8 15
log 32


 1.7810 one; B  22,
31. log 7 44.
C  123,
c  29.2
32. about 0.00012;
y  ae
0.00012t;
about 32,600 45. See students’ answers.
years ago


7

46. 18

33. 1, 4, 7

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A35 Glencoe Algebra 2

 Chapter 14 Assessment Answer Key
Final Test
Page 905 Page 906

1. A 9. A

10. D

2. C 11. C

3. A 12. B

13. A

4. B

5. D 14. B

6. D
15. D

7. B

8. D D
16.

17. A

(continued on the next page)

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A36 Glencoe Algebra 2
 Chapter 14 Assessment Answer Key
Final Test (continued)
Page 907 Page 908

18. C a 

72
 a  
32


29.
7 5 3 1 3
2 2 2 2 2

4 3 2 1 0 1

19. C d

Distance (mi)
225

150
A 30.
20.
75

O 1 2 3 4 t
21. B Time (h)

31. Sample answer using

(2, 100) and (3, 150):
y  50x; 300 mi

22. B
32. consistent and
independent

23. B

Answers
24.
33. t 0; b 100;

25. A 500
34.

35. (1, 2, 3)

26. C

30 66
36.
27. B

28. A

37. 40
(continued on the next page)
© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A37 Glencoe Algebra 2
 Chapter 14 Assessment Answer Key
Final Test (continued)
Page 909 Page 910

38.



0
5
1
10 2 1  52.

18x6  45x4  53. asymptote: x 
4;

39. 2x3  5x hole: x  3

15
5
6


1



54. 2
40. 3
8


24
3t 3 u2 55.
41.

42. 56. y  5000e0.0087t

43. 3x  7x
6  0
2

45
44. y  4(x
2)
9
2 57.

45. 228
58. 2400

46. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6,

12, 
1
, 
2
, 
4
59. 3, 24, 171
3 3 3
x1
g
1(x) 


47. 2 60. 2520
48. y 1



61. 6

O x
62. 47.5%

49. (x
2)2  (y  1)2  25 one; B  14,

63. C  141, c  10.4

50.

y  3(x
2)2  7;
51. parabola
64. 1

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A38 Glencoe Algebra 2