BMS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BENGALURU - 560 019

Autonomous institute, Affiliated to VTU

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

Course: Mathematical Foundation for Civil and Mechanical Engineering Stream- 2

(23MA2BSMCM)

Unit 1: INTEGRAL CALCULUS

Fubini's Theorem (First form)

If 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) is continuous on the rectangular region𝑅: 𝑎 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑏, 𝑐 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝑑, then

𝑑 𝑏 𝑏 𝑑
∬ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝐴 = ∫ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
𝑅 𝑐 𝑎 𝑎 𝑐

Fubini's Theorem (Second form)

If 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) is continuous on the rectangular regionR.

(i) If R is defined by𝑎 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑏, 𝑔1 (𝑥) ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝑔2 (𝑥), with 𝑔1 and 𝑔2 continuous on[𝑎, 𝑏], then
𝑏 𝑔2 (𝑥)
∬𝑅 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝐴 = ∫𝑎 ∫𝑔1 (𝑥) 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥

(ii) If R is defined by𝑐 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝑑, ℎ1 (𝑦) ≤ 𝑥 ≤ ℎ2 (𝑦), with ℎ1 and ℎ2 continuous on[𝑐, 𝑑], then
𝑑 ℎ2 (𝑦)
∬𝑅 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝐴 = ∫𝑐 ∫ℎ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
1 (𝑦)

The area of a closed, bounded region R in polar coordinate plane is 𝐴 = ∬𝑅 𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃

The volume of a closed, bounded region D in space is 𝑉 = ∭𝐷 𝑑𝑉

Mass of the lamina corresponding to the region 𝑅 with variable density 𝜌(𝑥, 𝑦) is given by 𝑚 =
∬𝑅 𝜌(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦.

1. DOUBLE INTEGRALS
I. Evaluate the following:-
1 1 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
1. ∫0 ∫0 .
√(1−𝑥 2 )(1−𝑦 2 )
2 4
2. ∫1 ∫3 (𝑥𝑦 + 𝑒 𝑦 )𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥.
4 2 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
3. ∫3 ∫1 .
(𝑥+𝑦)2
2 𝑥 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
4. ∫1 ∫0 .
𝑥 2 +𝑦 2

1 √1+𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
5. ∫0 ∫0 .
1+𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
1 √𝑥
6. ∫0 ∫𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥.

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 MFCM-2 (23MA2BSMCM) Unit 1: Integral Calculus

ln⁡ 8 ln⁡ 𝑦 𝑥+𝑦

7. ∫1 ∫0 𝑒 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦.
𝜋𝑎(1−cos⁡ 𝜃)
8. ∫0 𝑟sin⁡ 𝜃𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃.
𝜋 sin⁡ 𝜃
9. ∫0 ∫0 𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃.

II. Evaluate the following over the specified region:-

1. ∬𝑅 𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦, where R is the region bounded by the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 in the first quadrant.
2. ∬𝐴 𝑥𝑦(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝐴, where A is the area bounded by the parabola 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 and the line𝑦 = 𝑥.
3. ∬𝑅 𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦, where R is the domain bounded by 𝑥-axis, ordinate 𝑥 = 2𝑎 and the curve𝑥 2 =
4𝑎𝑦.
4. ∬𝐷 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦, where D is the domain in the first quadrant bounded by the hyperbola𝑥𝑦 = 16,
and the lines 𝑦 = 𝑥, 𝑦 = 0 and𝑥 = 8.

III. Change the order of integration and hence evaluate the following:-
𝑎 𝑎 𝑥𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
1. ∫0 ∫𝑦 .
𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
𝑎 𝑎 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
2. ∫0 ∫√𝑎𝑥 .
√𝑦 4 −𝑎2 𝑥 2
1 1 1
3. ∫0 ∫𝑥 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
1+𝑦 4

1 √𝑥
4. ∫0 ∫𝑥 𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥.
∞ ∞ 𝑒 −𝑦
5. ∫0 ∫𝑥 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
𝑦
∞ 𝑥 2 /𝑦
6. ∫0 ∫0 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥.
3 √4−𝑦
7. ∫0 ∫1 (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦.
1 𝑒 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
8. ∫0 ∫𝑒 𝑥 log⁡ 𝑦.

𝑎 √𝑥/𝑎
9. ∫0 ∫𝑥/𝑎 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦.⁡
𝑎 √𝑎2 −𝑥 2
10. ∫0 ∫0 √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥.
4𝑎 2√𝑎𝑥
11. ∫0 ∫𝑥 2/4𝑎 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥.
1 2−𝑥
12. ∫0 ∫𝑥 2 𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦.
1 √2−𝑥 2 𝑥
13. ∫0 ∫𝑥 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥.
√𝑥 2 +𝑦 2

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 MFCM-2 (23MA2BSMCM) Unit 1: Integral Calculus

IV. Evaluate the following by transforming into polar coordinates:-

𝑎√𝑎2 −𝑦 2 2
1. ∫0 ∫0 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
∞ ∞ 2 +𝑦 2 )
2. ∫0 ∫0 𝑒 −(𝑥 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦.
3 √9−𝑥 2
3. ∫−3 ∫0 √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥.
1 √1−𝑦2 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
4. ∫0 ∫0 𝑒 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦.
𝑎
√𝑎2 −𝑦 2
√2
5. ∫0 ∫𝑦 log 𝑒 ⁡(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦, where (𝑎 > 0)

V. Area of the region using double integral

1. Find the area lying inside the cardioid 𝑟 = 𝑎(1 + cos⁡ 𝜃) and outside the circle𝑟 = 𝑎.

2. Find the area of Lemniscate 𝑟 2 = 𝑎2 cos⁡ 2𝜃.

3. Find the area of the cardioid𝑟 = 𝑎(1 + cos⁡ 𝜃).

4. Find the area which is inside the circle 𝑟 = 3𝑎cos⁡ 𝜃 and outside the cardioid 𝑟 = 𝑎(1 +
cos⁡ 𝜃)

5. Find the area lying inside the circle 𝑟 = 𝑎sin⁡ 𝜃 and outside the cardioid𝑟 = 𝑎(1 − cos⁡ 𝜃).

VI. Mass of plane laminar region

1. Find the mass of the following:
(i) The lamina, if the shape of the lamina is given by 𝑦 = |𝑥|, 𝑦 = 3 and the variable density
is𝜌(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 .

(ii) The lamina, if the shape of the lamina is given by𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4 and the variable
density is 𝜌(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 .

(iii) The lamina is bounded by 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 and 𝑦 = 2𝑥 and density at any point is given by𝜆𝑥𝑦.
2 2
𝑥 3 𝑦 3
2. Find the mass of a plate in the shape of the curve (𝑎) + (𝑏 ) = 1 the density being given
by 𝜌 = 𝜇𝑥𝑦
𝑥2 𝑦2
3. Find the mass of an elliptic plate 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 1 if the density at any point (𝑥, 𝑦) on it is 𝜌 =
𝜇𝑥𝑦

4. Find the mass of a lamina in the form of the cardioid 𝑟 = 𝑎(1 + cos⁡ 𝜃) whose density at
any point varies as the square of its distance from the initial line.

5. Find the mass of the area bounded by the curves 𝑦 2 = 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 if 𝜌 = 𝜇(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ).

6. Find the mass of a plate in the form of one loop of the lemniscate 𝑟 2 = 𝑎2 cos⁡(2𝜃) if the
density at a point varies as the square of its distance from the pole

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 MFCM-2 (23MA2BSMCM) Unit 1: Integral Calculus

7. A thin plate covers the triangular region bounded by the 𝑥-axis and the lines 𝑥 = 1 and 𝑦 =
2𝑥 in the first quadrant. The plate's density at the point (𝑥, 𝑦) is 𝛿(𝑥, 𝑦) = 6𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 6.
Find the plate's mass.

2. TRIPLE INTEGRALS
VII. Evaluate the following:-

1 2 2
1. ∫0 ∫0 ∫1 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧
𝑐 𝑏 𝑎
2. ∫−𝑐 ∫−𝑏 ∫−𝑎 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥.
2 𝑧 𝑦𝑧
3. ∫0 ∫1 ∫0 𝑥𝑦𝑧𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧
6 6−𝑥 6−𝑥−𝑧
4. ∫0 ∫0 ∫1 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑥
1
4 𝑥2 1
5. ∫0 ∫02 ∫0 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧.
√𝑥 2 −𝑦 2

𝑎√𝑎2 −𝑧 2 √𝑎2 −𝑦 2 −𝑧 2
6. ∫0 ∫0 𝑥𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧.
1 𝑥 𝑥+𝑦
7. ∫0 ∫0 ∫0 (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥.
1 √1−𝑥 2 √1−𝑥 2 −𝑦 2
8. ∫0 ∫0 ∫0 𝑥𝑦𝑧𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥.
1 √1−𝑥 2 √1−𝑥 2 −𝑦 2 𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
9. ∫0 ∫0 ∫0 .
√1−𝑥 2 −𝑦 2 −𝑧 2
1 𝑧 𝑥+𝑧
10. ∫−1 ∫0 ∫𝑥−𝑧 (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧.
1 1 2−𝑥 2 −𝑦 2
11. ∫0 ∫0 ∫0 𝑥𝑦𝑒 𝑧 𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦.
4 2√𝑧 √4−𝑥2
12. ∫0 ∫0 ∫0 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧

VIII. Evaluate the following over the region 𝐑 bounded by the planes
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑧 = 0 and 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1.

1. ∭𝑅 (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧.
2. ∭𝑅 𝑥𝑦𝑧𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧.
𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧
3. ∭𝑅 (1+𝑥+𝑦+𝑧)3 .

IX. Volume of the region using triple integral

𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
1. Find the volume of the tetrahedron bounded by the plane 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 1 and the co-ordinate
planes.
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
2. Find the volume of the ellipsoid𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 = 1.

3. Find the volume of the sphere𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 𝑎2 .

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 MFCM-2 (23MA2BSMCM) Unit 1: Integral Calculus

3. BETA AND GAMMA FUNCTIONS

I. Express the following in terms of Gamma functions:-
∞
1. ∫0 𝑒 −𝑘𝑥 𝑥 𝑝−1 𝑑𝑥, 𝑘 > 0.
∞ 𝑥4
2. ∫0 𝑑𝑥.
4𝑥
∞ 2
3. ∫0 3−4𝑥 𝑑𝑥.
1
4. ∫0 𝑥 𝑚 [log 𝑒 ⁡ 𝑥]𝑛 𝑑𝑥, where 𝑛 is an integer and 𝑚 > −1.
1 1 𝑝−1
5. ∫0 𝑥 𝑞−1 [log 𝑒 ⁡ (𝑥)] 𝑑𝑥⁡(𝑝 > 0, 𝑞 > 0).
∞ 2
6. ∫0 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑡 2𝑛−1 𝑑𝑡.

II. Express the following in terms of Gamma functions:-

𝜋/2
1. ∫0 √cot⁡ 𝜃𝑑𝜃.
𝜋/2
2. ∫0 (√tan⁡ 𝜃 + √sec⁡ 𝜃)𝑑𝜃.
1
3. ∫0 𝑥 𝑚 (1 − 𝑥 𝑛 )𝑝 𝑑𝑥.
1 𝑑𝑥
4. ∫0 .
√1−𝑥 4

III. Prove the following:-

𝜋 ∞ 𝑥 𝑛−1 𝜋 ∞ 𝑑𝑦
1. Γ(𝑛)Γ(1 − 𝑛) = sin⁡ 𝑛𝜋, given ∫0 𝑑𝑥 = sin⁡ 𝑛𝜋 and hence deduce the value of ∫0 .
1+𝑥 1+𝑦 4
∞ 8 ∞ 4 𝜋
2. ∫0 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 × ∫0 𝑥 2 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 16√2.
𝜋/2 𝜋/2 𝑑𝜃
3. ∫0 √sin⁡ 𝜃𝑑𝜃 × ∫0 = 𝜋.
√sin⁡ 𝜃
1 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑥 𝜋
4. ∫0 × ∫0 = 4√2.
√1−𝑥 4 √1+𝑥 4
𝛽(𝑚+1,𝑛) 𝛽(𝑚,𝑛) 𝛽(𝑚,𝑛+1)
5. = = .
𝑚 𝑚+𝑛 𝑛

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