BASE METHOD FOR FAST & EASY MULTIPLICATIONS

Base Multiplications
In Vedic System, multiplication tables above 9 x 9 are not required. Because it is very easy to figure out
the multiplications once you are comfortable with above.
The numbers 10, 100, 1000, 10000, …..10(power n) are called base.
The multiplications near bases are very easy to find if you know the right method. The lowest base is
10, then 100, 1000 and so on.
1. Multiplying numbers just above 10
2. Multiplying numbers near 100
i. Multiplying numbers just above 100
ii. Multiplying numbers just below 100
iii. Multiplying numbers on either side of 100
3. Multiplying numbers near 1000
i. Multiplying numbers just above 1000
ii. Multiplying numbers just below 1000
iii. Multiplying numbers on either side of 1000
4. Special case of Multiplication numbers near 10: Proportionately
5. Special case of Multiplication numbers near 100: Proportionately

Multiplying numbers just above 10

This method is used when we are multiplying numbers which are near base 10.
First step is to find by how much is the number above 10.
There are 2 parts of the answer, left part (which is most significant part) and right part (which is
least significant part). To get right part of the answer, we multiply figures on the right (single digits)
vertically. And to get the left part of the answer, we add the 1st number crosswise with 2nd figure or
2nd number crosswise with 1st figure.
Since 10 has 1 zero, so there will be 1 digit in the right part.
Note: The number of spaces needed on the right is the number of 0’s in the base number.

Example: 12 x 13
12 is 2 above base 10
13 is 3 above base 10 We write numbers in below.

12 2 12 is 2 above 10

13 3 13 is 3 above 10

15 6 156

15=12+3 or 13+2 6=2x3

think “crosswise” think “vertically”

To get right part, we multiplied 2 with 3.

To get left part, we added crosswise 12 to 3 or 13 to 2.
In this case, there is no carry coming from vertical multiplication of 2 figures on right.
Multi Skills Development Academy
 Example : 16 x 13

16 6 16 is 6 above 10

13 3 13 is 3 above 10

19 18 208

carry “1” and add

to 19
To get right part, we multiply 6 with 3, i.e 6 x 3 = 18. 8 becomes right
part of answer and carry 1 is moved to left part.

To get left part, we added crosswise 16 to 3 or 13 to 6, and 1 (carry

from above), i.e. 16 + 3 + 1 =20.

Another example where we have carry: 27 x 29

Here left-most digit is 2 for both the numbers , i.e. place value of 2 is 20 which is closer to
base 10. We multiply the left part with 2 as the number is near twice base of 10.

27 +7 27 is 7 above 20

29 +9 29 is 9 above 20

2x36 63 783

78=2x(27+9)+6(carry) 63=7 x 9
or think “vertically”
2x(29+7)+6(carry)

Multi Skills Development Academy

 Multiplying numbers just above 100

Example: 102 x 112

102 is 2 above 100 112 is 12 above 100

Since 100 has 2 zeroes, so there will be 2 digits in the right part.
To get right part, we multiply 2 figures on right vertically (2 x 12).
To get left part, we perform crosswise addition of 1st number with 2nd figure on right (102 + 12)
or 2nd number with 1st figure on right (112 + 2).

102 +2 102 is 2 above 100

112 +12 112 is 12 above 100

114 24 11424

114=102+12 or 112+2 24 = 2 x 12
think “crosswise” think “vertically”

Multiplying numbers just below 100

Example: 98 x 88
98 is 2 below 100
88 is 12 below 100
The important thing to remember is to keep the ‘-‘ sign along with the figure.
Since 100 has 2 zeroes, so there will be 2 dig0its in the right part.
To get right part, we multiply 2 figures on right vertically (-2) x (-12).
To get left part, we perform crosswise addition of 1st number with 2nd figure on right
98 + (-12) = 86, or 2nd number with 1st figure on right 88 + (-2) = 86.

98 -2 98 is 2 below 100

88 -12 88 is 12 below 100

86 24 8624

86=88+(-2) or 98+(-12)
24 = (-2) x (-12)
think “crosswise”
think “vertically”

Multi Skills Development Academy

 Multiplying numbers on either side of 100
Example: 112 x 98
112 is 12 above 100
98 is 2 below 100
The important thing to remember is to keep the ‘-‘ sign along with the above figures.
Since 100 has 2 zeroes, so there will be 2 digits in the right part.
To get right part, we multiply 2 figures on right vertically (12) x (-2) = -24

To get left part, we perform crosswise addition of 1st number with 2nd figure on right 112 + (-2)
= 110, or 2nd number with 1st figure on right 98 + (12) = 110.

112 +12 112 is 12 above 100

98 -2 98 is 2 below 100

110 -24 11000-24=10976

(borrow 1 from 110, so right
part=100+(-24)=76 and left part=109)
110=112-2 or 98+12 -24 = -2 x 12
think “crosswise” think “vertically”

Multiplying numbers just above 100, which gives carry on right part
Example: 116 x 112
116 is 16 above 100
112 is 12 above 100
Since 100 has 2 zeroes, so there will be 2 digits in the right part.
To get right part, we multiply 2 figures on right vertically, i.e. 16 x 12 = 192. Right part will
become 92 and 1 will be carried to left part.
To get left part, we perform crosswise addition of 1st number with 2nd figure on right (116 +
12) or 2nd number with 1st figure on right (112 + 16) and further add carry 1.

116 +16 116 is 16 above 100

112 +12 112 is 12 above 100

129 92 12992
(borrow 1 from 110, so right
part=100+(-24)=76 and left part=109)

step1: 128=116+12 or 192 = 16 x 12

112+16 think “vertically”
think “crosswise”
step2: 129=128+1(carry)
Multi Skills Development Academy
 Multiplying numbers just below 100, which gives carry on right part
Example: 84 x 92
84 is 16 below 100
92 is 8 below 100
Since 100 has 2 zeroes, so there will be 2 digits in the right part.
To get right part, we multiply 2 figures on right vertically, i.e. (-16) x (-8) = 128. Right part will
become 28 and 1 will be carried to left part.
To get left part, we perform crosswise addition of 1st number with 2nd figure on right (84 + (-8))
or 2nd number with 1st figure on right (92 + (-16)) and further add carry 1.

84 -16 84 is 16 below 100

92 -8 92 is 8 below 100

77 28 7728

Step 1: 76=84+(-8) or 128=-16x-8

92+(-16) think “vertically”
think “crosswise”
Step 2 : 77=76+1(carry)

Multiplying numbers on either side of 100, which gives carry on right part
Example: 115 x 91
115 is 15 above 100
91 is 9 below 100
Since 100 has 2 zeroes, so there will be 2 digits in the right part.
To get right part, we multiply 2 figures on right vertically, i.e. 15 x (-9) = (-135). To make Right
part positive, we borrow 2 from Left part, i.e. 200 + (-135) = 65.
To get left part, we perform crosswise addition of 1st number with 2nd figure on right (115 + (-
9)) or 2nd number with 1st figure on right (91 + 15)) and further subtract 2 as 2 was borrowed in
previous step, i.e. 115 + (-9) – 2 = 104 or 91 + 15 – 2 = 104.

115 +15 115 is 15 above 100

91 -9 91 is 9 below 100

104 65 10600-135=10465
(borrow 2 from 106, so
right part=200-135=65 and
left part=106-2=104

Step 1: 106=115+(-9) or 91+15 -135=15x(-9)

think “crosswise” think “vertically”
Step 2 : 104=106-2 65=200-135

Multi Skills Development Academy

 Numbers are below base 1000
Example : Calculate 674 x 998
674 is 326 below 1000
998 is 2 below 1000
Since 1000 has 3 zeroes, so there will be 3 digits in the right part.
To get right part, we multiply 2 figures on right vertically (-326) x (-2)= 652
To get left part, we perform crosswise addition of 1st number with 2nd figure on right (674+ (-2))
or 2nd number with 1st figure on right (998 + (-326)) = 672
Answer is 672652
674 -326 674 is 326 below 1000

998 -2 998 is 2 below 1000

672 652 672652

672=674+(-2) or 652 = (-326) x (-2)

998+(-326) think “vertically”
think “crosswise”

Numbers are above base 1000

Example : Calculate 1142 x 1004
1142 is 142 above 1000
1004 is 4 above 1000
Since 1000 has 3 zeroes, so there will be 3 digits in the right part.
To get right part, we multiply 2 figures on right vertically (142 x 4)= 568
To get left part, we perform crosswise addition of 1st number with 2nd figure on right
(1142 + 4) or 2nd number with 1st figure on right (1004 + 142)=1146
Answer is 1146568
1142 +142 1142 is 142 above 1000

1004 +4 1004 is 4 above 1000

1146 568 1146568

1146=1142+4 or 568 = 142 x 4

1004+142 think “vertically”
think “crosswise”

Multi Skills Development Academy

 Numbers are on either side of base 1000
Example : Calculate 1232 x 996
1232 is 232 above 1000
996 is 4 below 1000
Since 1000 has 3 zeroes, so there will be 3 digits in the right part.
To get right part, we multiply 2 figures on right vertically (232 x (-4))=-928
To get left part, we perform crosswise addition of 1st number with 2nd figure on right
(1232 + (-4)) or 2nd number with 1st figure on right (996 + 232)=1228
Answer is 1228000-928= 1227072

1232 +232 1232 is 232 above 1000

996 -4 996 is 4 below 1000

1228 -928 1228000-928=1227072

(borrow =1 from 1228, so
right part=1000+(-928)=72 and
left part=1227.
1146=1142+4 or
1004+142 568 = 142 x 4
think “crosswise” think “vertically”

Multi Skills Development Academy