October 6 University Thermodynamics – sheet (2)

Faculty of Engineering Pure substance & Perfect gas

Mechatronic Department Dr. Mohamed Aly
1 - Compete the following table using steam tables. Insert a dash for irrelevant items, and interpolate
where necessary.
P t 𝑣 x Phase state h u
3
(bar) (℃) (𝑚 /𝑘𝑔) (kJ/kg) (kJ/kg)
90 2.361
20 2799
188 2400
34 0.9
3 200
15 0.152
297 0.95
2.3 300
44 420

2- A vessel of volume 0.03 𝑚3 contains dry saturated steam at 17 bar. Calculate the mass of steam in
the vessel and the enthalpy of this mass.
(0.257 kg; 718 kJ)

3- Water is contained in a closed, rigid, 0.2 m3 tank at an initial pressure of 5 bar and a quality of 50%.
Heat transfer occurs until the tank contains only saturated vapor. Determine the final mass of vapor in
the tank, in kg, and the final pressure, in bar.
( 1.063kg; 10.35 bar )
4-Five kilograms of water, initially a saturated vapor at 100 kPa, are cooled to saturated liquid while
the pressure is maintained constant. Determine the work and heat transfer for the process, each in kJ.
Show that the heat transfer equals the change in enthalpy of the water in this case.
( -846.3 kJ; -11289.3 kJ )
5 - Steam at 7 bar and 250 ℃ enters a pipeline and flows along it at constant pressure. If the steam
rejects heat steadily to the surroundings, at what temperature will droplets of water begin to form in the
vapour? Using the steady-flow energy equation, and neglecting changes in velocity of the steam ,
Calculate the heat rejected per kilogram of steam flowing.
(165 ℃; 191 kJ/kg )

6- 0.05 kg of steam at 15 bar is contained in a rigid vessel of volume 0.0076 𝑚3 . What is the
temperature of the steam? If the vessel is cooled, at what temperature will the steam be just dry
saturated? Cooling is continued until the pressure in the vessel is 11 bar; calculate the final dryness
fraction of the steam, and the heat rejected between the initial and the final states.
(250 ℃; 191.4℃; 0.857 ;18.5 kJ)
7-Using the tables for ammonia, calculate:
(i) the specific enthalpy and specific volume of ammonia at 0.7177 bar, dryness fraction 0.9;
(ii) the specific enthalpy and specific volume of ammonia at 13 ℃ saturated;
(iii) the specific enthalpy of ammonia at 7.529 bar, 30 ℃.
(1251 kJ/kg, 1.397 𝒎𝟑 /kg; 1457 kJ/kg, 0.1866 𝒎𝟑 /kg;1496.5 kJ/kg)
8 - Using the property values for refrigerant HFA 134a table, calculate:
(i) the specific enthalpy and specific volume of HFA 134a at -8 ℃, dryness fraction 0.85;
(ii) the specific enthalpy of HFA 134a at 5.7024 bar, 35 ℃.
(259.96 kJ/kg, 0.0775 𝒎𝟑 /kg; 323.25 kJ/kg)

9 - The relative molecular mass of carbon dioxide, 𝐶𝑂2 , is 44. In an experiment the value of ɤ for 𝐶𝑂2
was found to be 1.3. Assuming that 𝐶𝑂2 is a perfect gas, calculate the specific gas constant R, and the
specific heat capacities at constant pressure and constant volume, 𝐶𝑝 and 𝐶𝑣 .
(0.189 kJ.k; 0.819 kJ/kg.k; .63 kJ/kg.k)

10 - Calculate the internal energy and enthalpy of 1 kg of air occupying 0.05 𝑚3 at 20 bar. If the
internal energy is increased by 120kJ as the air is compressed to 50 bar, calculate the new volume
occupied by 1 kg of the air.
(250.1 kJ/kg; 350.1 kJ/kg; 0.0296 𝒎𝟑 )

11- Oxygen, 𝑂2, at 200 bar is to be stored in a steel vessel at 20 ℃. The capacity of the vessel is 0.04
𝑚3 . Assuming that 𝑂2 is a perfect gas, calculate the mass of oxygen that can be stored in the vessel.
The vessel is protected against excessive pressure by a fusible plug which will melt if the temperature
rises too high. At what temperature must the plug melt to the limit the pressure in the vessel to 240 bar?
The molar mass of oxygen is 32 kg/kmol.
(10.5 kg; 78.6 ℃)

12- A vessel of volume 0.2 𝑚3 contains nitrogen at 1.013 bar and 15 ℃ .If 0.2 kg of nitrogen is now
pumped into the vessel , calculate the new pressure when the vessel has returned to its initial
temperature. The molar mass of nitrogen is 28 kg/kmol , and may be assumed to a perfect gas.
( 186.9 kPa )

13 -When a certain perfect gas is heated at constant pressure from 15 ℃ to 95 ℃, the heat required is
1136 kJ/kg. when the same gas is heated at constant volume between the same temperatures , the heat
required is 808 kJ/kg. Calculate 𝐶𝑝 , 𝐶𝑣 , ɤ, 𝑅 and the molar mass of the gas.
(14.2 kJ/kg.k; 10.1 kJ/kg.k;1.405 ; 4.1 kJ/kg.k; 2.028 kg/kmol)

14- In an air compressor, the pressures at inlet and outlet are 1 bar and 5 bar respectively. The
temperature of the air at inlet is 15 ℃ and the volume at the beginning of compression is three times
that at the end of compression. Calculate the temperature of the air at outlet and the increase of internal
energy per kg of air.
(207 ℃; 138 kJ/kg)

15- A quantity of a certain perfect gas is compressed from an initial state of 0.085 𝑚3 , 1 bar to a final
state of 0.034 𝑚3 , 3.9 bar. The specific heat at constant volume is 0.724 kJ/kg.k , and the specific heat
at constant pressure is 1.020 kJ/kg.k. The observed temperature rise is 146 k. Calculate the specific gas
constant, R, the mass of gas present, and the increase of internal energy of the gas.
(0.296 kJ/kg.k; 0.11 kg; 11.63 kJ)