TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No

CERTIFICATE I
DECLARATION II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT III
ABSTRACT IV

Chapter 1

1. INTRODUCTION 8

1.1 MOTIVATION

1.2 OBJECTIVES

1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Chapter 2

2. LITERATURE SURVEY 11

Chapter 3

3. BLOCK DIAGRAM 13

Chapter 4

4. METHODOLOGY 15

Chapter 5

5. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS 18

Chapter 6

6. APPLICATIONS 20

Chapter - 7
7. ADVANTAGES 23

Chapter - 8
8. LIMITATIONS 25

Chapter 9
i
 9. FUTURE SCOPE 26
Chapter 10
10. CONCLUSION 27
REFERENCES

ii
Machine Learning Face Recognition Model for Employee Tracking and Attendance Systems

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
In the modern workplace, the need for efficient and secure attendance tracking systems has become
increasingly important. Traditional methods, such as manual registers, barcode scanners, and
fingerprint devices, have long been used for this purpose. However, these approaches present several
limitations, including susceptibility to manipulation, maintenance issues, and health concerns—
particularly highlighted during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The demand for a contactless,
hygienic, and reliable alternative has led to the exploration of face recognition technology powered by
machine learning.

Face recognition stands out as a natural and cost-effective solution. It offers a fully contactless
experience, eliminating the need for physical interaction with shared surfaces, which is a significant
advantage in promoting workplace hygiene. In addition, face recognition systems are difficult to
deceive or bypass, as facial features are unique and not easily replicated or shared. These
characteristics make face recognition an ideal candidate for secure and efficient attendance monitoring.

Despite its advantages, face recognition is not without challenges. Faces may appear differently due to
changes in lighting, angles, facial expressions, or the presence of accessories such as glasses or masks.
Over time, natural facial changes due to aging or grooming can also affect the accuracy of recognition.
These factors make it difficult to maintain consistent system performance without a dynamic and
adaptive model.

To address these challenges, this research focuses on developing a real-time face recognition
attendance system using machine learning techniques and a universal face embedding approach. Facial
embeddings are numerical representations of facial features extracted through deep learning models
such as FaceNet or ResNet. These embeddings are highly effective in capturing unique facial
characteristics and can be used to match faces with high accuracy.

A major innovation in the proposed system is the periodical face update mechanism. This feature
ensures that the system stays current by regularly updating the stored facial data for each employee.
This allows the system to adapt to gradual changes in appearance and maintain accuracy over time,
reducing the risk of misidentification or failed recognition.
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Machine Learning Face Recognition Model for Employee Tracking and Attendance Systems

The system is designed to work in real-time, capturing facial images through a camera, processing
them instantly, and recording attendance automatically. It eliminates the need for manual input or
physical devices like ID cards or fingerprint scanners. Furthermore, the system is scalable and can be
integrated into existing HR or payroll systems, offering flexibility and enhanced functionality.

By combining the power of machine learning with an adaptive data update strategy, the system
provides a robust and future-proof solution for employee tracking. It enhances operational efficiency,
ensures data accuracy, and promotes a safer workplace environment.

In conclusion, this study aims to deliver a reliable, intelligent, and contactless attendance system that
overcomes the limitations of traditional methods. Through real-time face recognition, a universal
embedding framework, and periodic updates, the system offers a practical and sustainable approach to
workforce management in the modern era.

1.1 MOTIVATION
Traditional attendance systems, such as manual registers, RFID cards, and fingerprint scanners, are
prone to errors, misuse, and hygiene concerns—especially in the post-pandemic era. These methods
are inefficient, insecure, and often inconvenient. Face recognition, powered by machine learning,
offers a contactless, secure, and automated alternative. It eliminates the need for physical interaction or
additional devices, improving accuracy and user experience. This project is motivated by the need to
develop a real-time, scalable attendance system with high reliability. A periodic face update
mechanism is also introduced to adapt to facial changes over time, ensuring long-term effectiveness
and accuracy.

1.2 OBJECTIVES

 To develop a real-time face recognition system for automated employee attendance using machine
learning and computer vision techniques.

 To replace traditional attendance methods with a contactless and secure alternative that
minimizes human error and misuse.

 To ensure high accuracy and efficiency in various real-world conditions such as different lighting,
facial angles, and expressions.
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 Machine Learning Face Recognition Model for Employee Tracking and Attendance Systems
 To implement a periodic face update mechanism that adapts to gradual facial changes over time
for long-term reliability.

 To create a scalable and user-friendly system that can be integrated with existing HR
and attendance databases.

 To improve workplace hygiene and security by eliminating the need for physical contact
and manual data handling.

 To design a modular architecture that supports future enhancements such as real-time

alerts, emotion detection, and mobile app integration.

1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Traditional attendance systems are prone to errors, manipulation, and hygiene concerns, especially in
post-pandemic environments. Physical contact-based methods like fingerprint scanners and RFID
cards lack security and efficiency. There is a need for a contactless, accurate, and automated solution
to ensure reliable employee attendance tracking using modern technologies.

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CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

1. Face Recognition for Attendance and Monitoring(Bhatia, R., Chugh, K., & Bansal,
A. (2019))

The system automated attendance marking, reduced human error, and improved efficiency. It
demonstrated high accuracy in controlled environments, showcasing the practical benefits of
integrating deep learning in academic monitoring systems.

2. A Real-Time Attendance System using Face Recognition(Ashwin Rao 2022)

This study introduces 'AttenFace,' a system that automates attendance by capturing classroom
snapshots at regular intervals and employing face recognition to identify students. It operates
independently for each class, ensuring scalability, and integrates seamlessly with existing attendance
software. The system balances computational efficiency with flexibility, allowing brief absences
without marking students absent.

3. Class Attendance System Based on Face Recognition(Omar Alniemi, Hanaa F.

Mahmood 2023)

This paper presents an automated attendance system utilizing face recognition technology. A dataset of
3,900 facial images was compiled under various conditions. The system captures student images via
mobile cameras, detects faces using the Haar Cascade classifier, and recognizes them with the FaceNet
network. Achieving a 97.5% accuracy rate, it demonstrates enhanced efficiency over traditional
methods

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Machine Learning Face Recognition Model for Employee Tracking and Attendance Systems

4. Multiple Face Recognition Attendance System Using Deep Learning(Ragini

Krishna, Saurav Anand, Akash A, Pankaj Kumar 2023)

This project proposes an automated attendance management system leveraging face recognition to
reduce faculty workload. The system captures images, detects faces, and matches them against a
database to mark attendance. It aims to enhance efficiency and security over traditional methods,
addressing challenges like proxy attendance and time consumption

5. An Embedded Intelligent System for Attendance Monitoring(Touzene

Abderraouf, Abed Abdeljalil Wassim, Slimane Larabi 2024)

This paper proposes an intelligent embedded system for class attendance monitoring, comprising a
Raspberry Pi with a camera for facial recognition and a web application for attendance
management. The system addresses challenges related to limited resources and model adaptation,
achieving acceptable performance with images from the Raspberry Pi camera.

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CHAPTER 3

BLOCK DIAGRAM

This system automates attendance marking by capturing, detecting, recognizing, and recording the
identity of individuals based on their face—ensuring a contactless, fast, and efficient process.

1. Camera
The system captures live images of individuals (e.g., employees or students) entering the premises.

2. Detecting Face
The system scans the image to detect human faces using a face detection algorithm (like Haar Cascade,
MTCNN, or Dlib).

3. Detecting Face
The system scans the image to detect human faces using a face detection algorithm (like Haar Cascade,
MTCNN, or Dlib).

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Machine Learning Face Recognition Model for Employee Tracking and Attendance Systems

4. Extract Features
This step involves extracting unique facial features (like distance between eyes, shape of cheekbones, etc.) using
methods such as:

 CNN (Convolutional Neural Networks)

 FaceNet embeddings
 Local Binary Patterns Histogram (LBPH)

5. Recognize Face
The extracted features are compared with known face data stored in the system to recognize the person.
Algorithms like KNN, SVM, or cosine similarity might be used here.

6. Face Database
Contains facial data (like encoded vectors or images) of registered individuals. It serves as a reference for face
recognition.

7. Show Her/His Name

Once the person is identified, their name or ID is displayed on the screen in real-time.

8. Count Her/His Attendance

After recognition, the system marks the person as present and logs the date/time into the attendance database.

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CHAPTER 4
METHODOLOGY
The methodology of the proposed face recognition-based attendance system is designed to automate
and streamline the attendance process using computer vision and machine learning techniques. The
process begins with image acquisition, where a live video feed is captured through a digital or web
camera installed at the entrance of a classroom or office. As individuals pass in front of the camera, the
system detects their faces in real-time using face detection algorithms such as Haar Cascade,
MTCNN, or Dlib. These algorithms locate the face region from the input image and crop it for further
analysis.

Once a face is detected, the system applies image preprocessing techniques to standardize the input
data. This includes converting the image to grayscale, resizing, histogram equalization for lighting
correction, and face alignment to improve accuracy. After preprocessing, feature extraction is
performed using deep learning-based models like FaceNet, VGGFace, or CNNs. These models
generate a unique facial embedding—a high-dimensional vector representing key facial features.

The extracted embedding is then compared with entries in a face database, which contains
embeddings of all registered individuals. Matching is done using distance metrics like Euclidean
distance or cosine similarity. If a match is found within a defined threshold, the system recognizes the
individual, displays their name or ID on the screen, and proceeds to record their attendance
automatically along with the timestamp.

The system is designed to be scalable, efficient, and contactless, addressing limitations of traditional
methods such as manual entry, RFID, or fingerprint scanning. It also includes a periodic face update
mechanism to maintain long-term recognition accuracy as facial features change over time. This
methodology ensures a reliable, real-time, and hygienic solution for attendance monitoring in
educational institutions, offices, and other organizational setups.

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IMPLEMENTATION
The implementation of the face recognition-based attendance system involves both hardware and
software components integrated to function in real-time. The system begins with the installation of a
camera in the entry area of the classroom or office. The camera captures live video feeds, which are
processed using Python and open-source libraries such as OpenCV for image processing, Dlib or
MTCNN for face detection, and TensorFlow or Keras for deep learning-based face recognition.

Initially, a face dataset is created by capturing multiple facial images of each registered user under
varying lighting and angles. These images are then preprocessed—converted to grayscale, resized, and
normalized—to prepare them for training. A face embedding model like FaceNet or VGGFace is
used to convert each face into a unique numerical vector (embedding), which is stored in a face
database along with user information (e.g., name, ID).

During real-time execution, the system detects a face from the live video, preprocesses it similarly, and
extracts its embedding. It then compares this embedding to the database using cosine similarity or
Euclidean distance. If a match is found within a threshold, the system identifies the individual,
displays their name, and records their attendance in a CSV file or SQL database with a timestamp.

Additionally, the system is designed to include a face update mechanism to periodically re-capture
updated images to handle aging, hairstyle changes, or other appearance variations. The application
includes a GUI (Graphical User Interface) to display the attendance logs and can be extended to
generate reports, send notifications, or integrate with institutional databases.

This implementation ensures a fast, accurate, and contactless solution for automated attendance
tracking, suitable for deployment in educational institutions, offices, and secure environments.

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Machine Learning Face Recognition Model for Employee Tracking and Attendance Systems

CHAPTER 5
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
5.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

1. Camera (Webcam or IP Camera)

o Captures real-time video or images of individuals.

o Should have good resolution and frame rate for accurate detection.

2. Computer or Microcontroller (e.g., Raspberry Pi)

o Processes the video feed and runs the recognition algorithms.

o Must have adequate processing power for real-time operations.

3. Power Supply

o Powers the camera and processing unit (if using Raspberry Pi or embedded systems).

4. Display Screen (Optional)

o To show the user’s name, ID, or recognition status in real-time.

The system uses a camera, such as a webcam or IP camera, to capture real-time images or video of
individuals for facial recognition. A high-resolution camera with a good frame rate ensures accurate
detection. The processing unit, either a computer or a microcontroller like the Raspberry Pi, runs the
recognition algorithms and manages data flow. A power supply is essential to operate both the
camera and the processor, especially in embedded systems. An optional display screen may be used
to show real-time feedback such as the recognized individual's name, ID, and attendance status,
enhancing user interaction and system transparency.

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Machine Learning Face Recognition Model for Employee Tracking and Attendance Systems

5.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

1. Python Programming Language

Core language used for implementing the logic and machine learning models.

2. OpenCV

Used for real-time image processing and face detection.

3. Dlib or MTCNN

For face detection and facial landmarks alignment

The Python programming language serves as the backbone of the system, enabling easy integration
of machine learning models, image processing libraries, and GUI components due to its simplicity and
vast ecosystem. OpenCV is used for real-time image processing tasks, such as reading video frames,
detecting faces, and handling image transformations, making it essential for interacting with camera
input. For more advanced and accurate face detection, Dlib or MTCNN can be used. These libraries
detect facial landmarks and align faces properly, improving recognition accuracy and performance
under varied lighting and orientation conditions.

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CHAPTER 6
APPLICATIONS

Here are the real-world applications :

 Used in schools, colleges, and universities to automate student attendance.

 Helps corporate offices track employee attendance and punctuality.

 Enhances security and access control in organizations.

 Useful in government offices for employee monitoring.

 Enables contactless check-in for healthcare workers and hospital staff.

 Assists in factory and industrial shift management.

 Used in event management to track participant attendance.

 Useful in hostels and dormitories for tracking resident presence.

 Helps examination centers verify candidate identity and prevent impersonation.

 Suitable for co-working spaces to monitor usage and access.

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 Machine learning face recognition model for employee tracking and attendance system

The face recognition-based attendance system has a wide range of applications across various sectors
due to its accuracy, speed, and contactless nature. In educational institutions like schools, colleges,
and universities, it automates student attendance by recognizing faces as students enter the
classroom. This eliminates manual roll calls, reduces errors, and prevents proxy attendance, ensuring
more efficient record-keeping.

In corporate offices, the system helps track employee attendance and monitor punctuality. It eliminates
the need for biometric devices or manual logging, reducing the chances of buddy punching or time
theft. Furthermore, it supports enhanced security and access control by ensuring that only
authorized personnel can enter specific areas based on facial recognition.

Government offices benefit from the system as it allows for seamless employee monitoring,
maintaining transparency and discipline. The use of facial recognition also contributes to safe,
contactless check-ins in healthcare settings, where minimizing physical contact is crucial,
especially in hospitals and clinics.

In industrial sectors, such as factories and warehouses, the system aids in managing employee shifts,
ensuring accountability and safety compliance. For event management, the technology helps track
participant entry and exit during seminars, conferences, and large gatherings, improving crowd
control and organization.

The system is also effective in hostels and dormitories for tracking the presence of residents, which
can be essential for safety and administrative oversight. In examination centers, it verifies candidate
identities and helps prevent impersonation, ensuring the integrity of the exam process.

Lastly, co-working spaces use face recognition for access control and attendance monitoring, which
can be linked to billing systems based on usage. This makes it a highly adaptable and efficient
solution for modern workspace management.

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Machine learning face recognition model for employee tracking and attendance system

Fig 6.1: facial recognition based system

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 Machine learning face recognition model for employee tracking and attendance system

CHAPTER 7

ADVANTAGES
Here are the advantages of face recoginition of attendance system:

 Contactless Attendance:
Eliminates the need for physical touch, enhancing hygiene and safety—especially important in
healthcare and post-pandemic environments.

 Fast and Efficient:

Attendance is marked instantly, reducing time spent on manual processes and increasing
productivity.

 Prevents Proxy Attendance:

Facial features are unique and non-transferable, making it impossible for someone to fake or mark
attendance on behalf of others.

 Real-Time Monitoring:
Enables administrators to track attendance live and access real-time reports for better workforce or
student management.

 High Accuracy and Reliability:

Uses AI and deep learning models to ensure accurate identification, even under varying lighting or
facial expression changes.

 Minimizes Human Errors:

Automated data capture reduces mistakes caused by manual entries or forgetfulness.

 Secure and Tamper-Proof Records:

All attendance data is digitally stored and protected, reducing the risk of data manipulation or loss.

 Scalable and Flexible:

Suitable for small teams or large organizations, with easy expansion to include more users or
locations.

 Cost-Effective in the Long Run:

Reduces the need for manual labor, paper-based logs, and physical attendance devices.

 Easy Integration:
Can be connected with HR systems, payroll software, or academic management tools for seamless
operations.

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 Machine learning face recognition model for employee tracking and attendance system

The Face Recognition-Based Attendance System offers a range of benefits, making it an ideal
solution for modern organizations and institutions. One of its primary advantages is contactless
attendance, which eliminates the need for physical touch, enhancing hygiene—especially crucial in
healthcare and post-pandemic environments. It is also fast and efficient, allowing attendance to be
marked instantly, thus saving time and improving operational productivity.

A key benefit is the prevention of proxy attendance. Since facial features are unique and non-
transferable, it ensures only the actual individual is marked present. The system supports real-time
monitoring, enabling administrators to track attendance as it happens and generate reports instantly.

With the use of AI and deep learning, the system offers high accuracy, even in challenging
conditions like different lighting or facial changes. It also minimizes human errors that are common
with manual entries. Additionally, all data is stored digitally, making it secure and tamper-proof,
safeguarding against manipulation.

The system is scalable and flexible, accommodating small teams or large organizations with ease. It
is also cost-effective over time by reducing manual work and physical resources. Lastly, it offers
easy integration with HR, payroll, or academic software, making it a seamless addition to existing
systems.

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CHAPTER 8
LIMITATIONS

 Lighting Sensitivity:
Accuracy may drop under poor or inconsistent lighting conditions, such as dimly lit rooms or outdoor
glare.

 Pose and Angle Variations:

If a person’s face is tilted, partially hidden, or not directly facing the camera, recognition might fail.

 High Initial Setup Cost:

Installing quality cameras, servers, and necessary software can be expensive upfront.

 Privacy Concerns:
Collecting and storing biometric data raises legal and ethical concerns about user privacy.

 Data Security Risks:

If not well-protected, face data can be vulnerable to hacking or unauthorized access.

 Processing Power Requirements:

Real-time face recognition demands strong processing capabilities, which can be a challenge for low-
power devices.

 Accuracy Affected by Facial Changes:

Drastic changes like facial hair, aging, or accessories (e.g., masks, sunglasses) can reduce accuracy.

 Internet Dependency (in Cloud Systems):

Systems that rely on cloud processing need a stable internet connection for real-time operation.

 False Positives/Negatives:
In rare cases, the system might misidentify a person or fail to recognize a valid user.

 Regulatory and Legal Challenges:

In some regions, strict regulations on facial recognition technology can limit its deployment.

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CHAPTER 9
FUTURE SCOPE

The future scope of face recognition-based attendance systems is vast and promising, driven by rapid
advancements in artificial intelligence, deep learning, and computer vision technologies. As
algorithms become more robust and adaptable, these systems are expected to achieve even higher
accuracy and reliability under diverse conditions such as low lighting, varying angles, and facial
changes over time. Future implementations may include enhanced integration with cloud-based
platforms, enabling centralized data management and remote monitoring across multiple branches or
locations. Additionally, combining face recognition with other biometric modalities like voice or iris
recognition can create multi-factor authentication systems, further improving security and reliability.
With growing concerns about privacy and data protection, future systems are also likely to focus on
implementing more secure encryption protocols and compliance with global data privacy regulations.

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Machine learning face recognition model for employee tracking and attendance system

CHAPTER 10
CONCLUSION

The implementation of a face recognition-based attendance system marks a significant advancement

in automating and securing attendance tracking processes across various sectors. By leveraging
machine learning and computer vision technologies, this system offers a contactless, efficient, and
accurate method for identifying individuals in real-time. It not only addresses the shortcomings of
traditional systems—such as manual errors, proxy attendance, and hygiene concerns—but also
provides scalable and reliable solutions suitable for organizations of all sizes. Despite some
limitations like privacy issues and sensitivity to environmental factors, continuous improvements in
AI and hardware are rapidly overcoming these challenges. With further integration possibilities and
strong future potential, face recognition systems are poised to become a standard in smart attendance
and identity management solutions.

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REFERENCES

1. Bhatia, R., Chugh, K., & Bansal, A. (2019). Face Recognition for Attendance and Monitoring.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 8(6), 2278–0181.
2. Taigman, Y., Yang, M., Ranzato, M. A., & Wolf, L. (2014). DeepFace: Closing the Gap
to Human-Level Performance in Face Verification. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference
on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 1701–1708.
3. Schroff, F., Kalenichenko, D., & Philbin, J. (2015). FaceNet: A Unified Embedding for Face
Recognition and Clustering. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern
Recognition, 815–823.
4. Parkhi, O. M., Vedaldi, A., & Zisserman, A. (2015). Deep Face Recognition. British
Machine Vision Conference (BMVC).
5. Zhang, K., Zhang, Z., Li, Z., & Qiao, Y. (2016). Joint Face Detection and Alignment Using
Multi- task Cascaded Convolutional Networks (MTCNN). IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 23(10),
1499– 1503.

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