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Reference Ranges

The document provides reference ranges for various laboratory tests including full blood count, coagulation, liver function tests, metabolic tests, and immunology markers. It details normal values for parameters such as haemoglobin, white cell count, electrolytes, liver enzymes, and vital signs for both adults and children. Additionally, it includes specific thresholds for tumour markers and results from lumbar punctures.

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Manuel
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8 views8 pages

Reference Ranges

The document provides reference ranges for various laboratory tests including full blood count, coagulation, liver function tests, metabolic tests, and immunology markers. It details normal values for parameters such as haemoglobin, white cell count, electrolytes, liver enzymes, and vital signs for both adults and children. Additionally, it includes specific thresholds for tumour markers and results from lumbar punctures.

Uploaded by

Manuel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Full blood count (FBC)

Haemoglobin (Hb):

• ♂ 130 – 180 g/L

• ♀ 115 – 165 g/L

White Cell Count (WCC):

• Total: 3.6 – 11.0 x 109/L

• Neutrophils: 1.8 – 7.5 x 109/L

• Lymphocytes: 1.0 – 4.0 x 109/L

• Monocytes: 0.2 – 0.8 x 109/L

• Eosinophils: 0.1 – 0.4 x 109/L

• Basophils: 0.02 – 0.10 x 109/L

Platelet Count: 140 – 400 x109/L


Red Cell Count (RCC):

• ♂ 4.5 – 6.5 x 109/L

• ♀ 3.8 – 5.8 x 109/L

Haematocrit:

• ♂ 0.40 – 0.54 L/L

• ♀ 0.37 – 0.47 L/L

Mean Cell Volume (MCV): 80 – 100 fL


Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH): 27 – 32 pg/cell
Reticulocyte count: 0.2 – 2%

Coagulation
Prothrombin Time (PT): 10 – 14 seconds
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT): 24 – 37 second
Fibrinogen: 1.50 – 4.50 g/L
D-Dimer: < 500 ng/mL
Haematinics
Ferritin:

• ♂ 25 – 350 ng/mL

• ♀ 10 – 300 ng/mL

Vitamin B12: 180 – 1000 pg/mL


Folate: > 4.0 ng/mL
Total Serum Iron:

• ♂ 11.6 – 35.0 μmol/L

• ♀ 4.6 – 30.4 μmol/L

Transferrin: 2.0 – 3.6 g/L


Transferrin Saturation: 20 – 50%
Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC): 45 – 81 μmol/L
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR):

• ♂ ≤ 49 years: 1 – 7

• ♂ ≥ 50 years: 2 – 10

• ♀ ≤ 49 years: 3 – 9

• ♀ ≥ 50 years: 5 – 15

Urea & electrolytes


Na+: 133–146 mmol/L
K+: 3.5–5.3 mmol/L
Ca2+(adjusted): 2.2-2.6 mmol/L
Mg2+: 0.7–1.0 mmol/L
Chloride: 98-106 mmol/L
Urea: 2.5 - 7.8 mmol/L
Creatinine:

• ♂ 59–104 μmol/L

• ♀ 45–84 μmol/ L
Liver function tests (LFTs)
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP): 30–130 U/L
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT):

• ♂ <41 U/L

• ♀<33 U/L

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST): 1 - 45 U/l

Bilirubin: <21 μmol/L


GGT:

• ♂ <60 U/L

• ♀<40 U/L

Albumin: 35–50 g/L

Inflammatory markers
CRP: < 5mg/L

Arterial blood gas results


pH: 7.35 - 7.45
pO2: 11 - 13 kPa (82.5 - 97.5 mmHg)
pCO2: 4.7 - 6.0 kPa (35.2 - 45 mmHg)
HCO3: 22 - 26 mmol/L
Base excess: (-2 to +2 mmol/L)

Metabolic tests
Serum ketones: < 0.6 mmol/L
Fasting blood glucose: 4.0 to 6.0 mmol/L
Postprandial (2 hours after eating): up to 7.8 mmol/L
HbA1c: < 42 mmol/mol (6.0%)
Cholesterol: < 5 mmol/L
Triglyceride: 0.55–1.90 mmol/L
LDL: < 3mmol/L
HDL: > 1 mmol/L
Cholesterol/HDL: < 4

Endocrinology
TSH: 0.4–4.0 mU/L²
Free T4: 9 - 24 pmol/L
Free T3: 3.5 - 7.8 pmol/L
Parathyroid hormone: 10 - 65 ng/L
Growth hormone (random):

• ♂< 5 ng/mL

• ♀< 10 ng/mL

Cortisol (random): 137 - 429 nmol/L


Testosterone:

• Male <50:

• 10-45 nmol/L

• Male >50:

• 6.2-26 nmol/L

Triglyceride: 0.55–1.90 mmol/L


LDL: < 3mmol/L
HDL: > 1 mmol/L
Cholesterol/HDL: < 4

Other biochemistry tests


Serum Total Protein: 60 – 78 g/L
Troponin T: < 0.01 µg/L
Creatine kinase (CK):

• ♂ 40–320 U/L

• ♀ 25–200 U/L
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH): 240–480 U/L
Lactate (plasma): 0.5 - 2.2 mmol/L
Urate:

• ♂ 200–430 μmol/L

• ♀ 140–360 μmol/L

Amylase: 28–100 U/dL


Ammonia: 10 – 35 μmol/L
NT-proBNP:

• < 75 years: < 125 pg/mL

• > 75 years: < 450 pg/mL

Copper: 70 – 150 μg/dL


Ceruloplasmin: 15 – 60 μmol/L
Vitamin D: > 500 nmol/L
Serum Osmolality: 275 – 295 mOsmol/kg
24h Urine Osmolality: 500 – 800 mOsm/kg
Random Urine Osmolality: 300 – 900 mOsm/kg
12h Fluid Restricted Urine Osmolality: > 850 mOsm/kg
24h Urine Sodium (Na+): 100 – 260 mmol/24h
24h Urine Potassium (K+): 25 – 100 mmol/24h
24h Urine Total Protein: < 100 mg/24h
Urine pH (random): 5 – 7

Adult vital signs


Body Temperature:

• 36.5°C to 37.3°C

• 97.8°F to 99.1°F

Pulse: 60 – 100 beats per minute


Blood Pressure: 90/60 – 120/80 mmHg
Respiratory Rate: 12 – 18 breaths per minute
Pulse Oximetry: > 94%
Paediatric vital signs
Blood Pressure:

• < 1 year: 70 – 90 mmHg

• 1 – 2 years: 80 – 95 mmHg

• 2– 5 years: 80 – 100 mmHg

• 5– 12 years: 90– 110 mmHg

Heart Rate:

• < 1 year: 110 – 160

• 1 – 2 years: 100 – 150

• 2– 5 years:95 – 140

• 5– 12 years: 80 – 120

Respiratory Rate:

• < 1 year: 30 – 40

• 1 – 2 years: 25 – 35

• 2– 5 years:25 – 30

• 5– 12 years: 20 – 25

Tumour markers
Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (bHCG): < 5 mU/mL
Alpha Fetoprotein: < 44 ng/mL
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA): < 4.0 ng/mL
Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA):

• Non-smokers at 50 years: < 3.6 μg/L

• Non-smokers at 70 years: < 4.1 μg/L

• Smokers: < 5 μg/L

CA-125: < 35 U/mL


CA19-9: < 40 U/mL
Immunology
Anti-SS-A (La):

• Negative: < 3 U/mL

• Positive: > 4 U/mL

Anti-Streptolysin O Titre (ASOT):

• Pre-school Age: < 100

• School Age: < 250

• Adults: < 125

Rheumatoid Factor (RF):

• Negative: < 20 U/mL

• Positive: > 30 U/mL

Anti-Mitochondrial Antibodies (AMA):

• Negative: < 10 U/mL

• Positive: > 10 U/mL

Perinuclear Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (p-ANCA):

• Negative: < 5 U/mL

• Positive: > 5 U/mL

Anti-Histone Antibodies:

• Negative: < 25 U/mL

• Positive: > 25 U/mL

IgA: 110 – 560 mg/dL


IgD: 0.5 – 3.0 mg/dL
IgE: 0.01 – 0.04 mg/dL
IgG: 800 – 1800 mg/dL
IgM: 54 – 200 mg/d
Anti-ds-DNA:
• Negative: < 40 U/mL

• Positive: > 60 U/mL

Anti-ss-DNA:

• Negative: < 8 U/mL

• Positive: > 10 U/mL

Cytoplasmic Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (c-ANCA):

• Negative: < 20 U/mL

• Positive: > 30 U/mL

Anti-SS-A (Ro):

• Negative: < 15 U/mL

• Positive: > 25 U/mL

Lumbar puncture results


Appearance: clear and colourless
White blood cells (WBC): 0 - 5 cells/µL

• No neutrophils present, primarily lymphocytes

• Normal cell counts do not rule out meningitis or any other pathology

Red blood cells (RBC): 0 - 10/mm³


Protein: 0.15 - 0.45 g/L (or <1% of the serum protein concentration)
Glucose: 2.8 - 4.2 mmol/L (or ≥ 60% plasma glucose concentration)
Opening pressure: 10 - 20 cm H2O

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