Evs Assignment 1: Air Quality Index
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eriralxelEvs Assignment 1: Air Quality Index
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eriralxelEVS ASSIGNMENT 1
Air Quality Index
Introduction
An air quality index is an indicator developed by government agencies to
communicate to the public how polluted the air currently is or how polluted it
is forecast to become. Air quality indexes serve two main purposes: To inform
the public about air quality in an comprehensible manner so that they may take
action to protect their health and to help countries develop and assess policies
for better air quality. The Sub-indices for individual pollutants at a monitoring
location are calculated using its 24-hourly average concentration value (8-
hourly in case of CO and O3) and health breakpoint concentration range. The
worst sub-index is the AQI for that location. All the eight pollutants may not be
monitored at all the locations. Overall AQI is calculated only if data are
available for minimum three pollutants out of which one should necessarily be
either PM2.5 or PM10. Else, data are considered insufficient for calculating
AQI. Similarly, a minimum of 16 hours’ data is considered necessary for
calculating sub-index. Major 8 pollutants: PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, NH3, 03,
Pb, CO.
MATERIALS/ METHODS USED:
Material used: bar graph and line chart
• Data Collection: Air quality data for the selected cities was obtained from
official sources such as the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and
local pollution control agencies. The data included parameters like
PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, and O3.
• Data Processing: Raw data was processed and standardized to ensure
consistency across different parameters and locations. Missing values
and outliers were addressed through appropriate techniques.
• Calculation of AQI: The AQI for each city was calculated based on the
concentration levels of individual pollutants using the respective AQI
formulae provided by the regulatory authorities.
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• Interpretation: The calculated AQI values were interpreted according to
the categories defined by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or
the respective regulatory bodies in India.
• ANALYSIS/ RESULTS
• The trend of Air Quality Index (AQI) varies across different states in India
due to a combination of factors including industrialization, vehicular
emissions, geographical features, and climatic conditions. Here's a brief
overview of the AQI trends in Tamil Nadu, Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir,
Rajasthan, and Sikkim, along with reasons for high/low/fluctuations:
• 1. **Tamil Nadu**:
• - Trend: Generally moderate to good AQI.
• - Reasons: The AQI in Tamil Nadu is influenced by industrial activities,
vehicular emissions (especially in urban areas like Chennai), and seasonal
factors such as monsoon rains which help in clearing pollutants from the
atmosphere.
• 2. **Delhi**:
• - Trend: Varied but often poor to severe AQI, especially during winter
months.
• - Reasons: Delhi faces severe air pollution due to a high concentration
of vehicles, industrial activities, construction dust, and stubble burning in
neighboring states during winter. The city's geographical location also
contributes to the trapping of pollutants, exacerbated by low wind
speeds and temperature inversions.
• 3. **Jammu and Kashmir**:
• - Trend: Generally good to moderate AQI, with potential fluctuations in
urban areas.
• - Reasons: AQI in Jammu and Kashmir is relatively better due to its less
industrialized nature compared to other states. However, in urban areas
like Srinagar and Jammu, vehicular emissions and some industrial
activities may contribute to occasional fluctuations.
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• 4. **Rajasthan**:
• - Trend: Varied but often moderate to poor AQI, particularly in urban
centers.
• - Reasons: Rajasthan experiences dust storms and desertification, which
contribute to higher levels of particulate matter in the air. Urban areas like
Jaipur and Jodhpur also face pollution from vehicular emissions,
construction activities, and industrial sources.
• 5. **Sikkim**:
• - Trend: Generally good to moderate AQI.
• - Reasons: Sikkim's relatively pristine air quality is attributed to its
sparse population, limited industrialization, and abundant green cover.
However, urban centers like Gangtok may experience moderate AQI
levels due to vehicular emissions and tourism-related activities.
• Overall, factors such as industrialization, vehicular emissions,
topography, wind speed, and precipitation play crucial roles in influencing
the AQI trends in these states, with each region facing unique challenges
in managing air quality.
• CONCLUSION
• State with maximum and minimum AQI
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