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Solved Pratice Questions by The Lecturer

The document provides solved examples and practice questions related to the strength of materials, focusing on tensile stress, strain, and temperature effects on materials. It includes calculations for various scenarios involving bars and cables under different forces and temperatures. Additionally, it presents practice questions for further understanding of the concepts discussed.

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10 views6 pages

Solved Pratice Questions by The Lecturer

The document provides solved examples and practice questions related to the strength of materials, focusing on tensile stress, strain, and temperature effects on materials. It includes calculations for various scenarios involving bars and cables under different forces and temperatures. Additionally, it presents practice questions for further understanding of the concepts discussed.

Uploaded by

quadriaquadri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

CVE 202: Strength of Materials

SOLVED EXAMPLES AND PRACTICE


QUESTIONS
Solved Examples
Example 1
A prismatic bar, 3.5 m long, with a circular cross-
section (diameter 25 mm) is subjected to an axial tensile
force of 100 kN. The measured elongation δ = 1.5 mm.
Assuming the axial force acts at the centroid of the end
cross-section, calculate the tensile stress and strain in
the bar.
Solution
(i) Stress, σ = P/A = 100/(лD2/4) = 100/(л x 252/4)
= 203.72 N/mm2 = 203.72 MPa
(ii) Strain, ԑ = δ/L = 1.5 mm/3.5 m = 1.5 mm/3.5x103 mm
= 428.57 x 10-6 OR 4.29 x 10-4
(Note that strain is dimensionless – no unit).
Example 2
A bronze bar 3 m long with a cross-sectional area of 320
mm2 is placed between two rigid walls as shown in
Page 1 of 6
CVE 202: Strength of Materials

Figure E2. At a temperature of -20°C, the gap Δ = 25


mm. Find the temperature at which the compressive
stress in the bar will be 35 MPa. Take α = 18.0 × 10-6
m/(m·°C) and E = 80 GPa.

Figure E2: A bronze bar


Solution
Given:
Length of bar, L = 3 m = 3000 mm
Cross-sectional area, A = 320 mm2
Initial temperature, Ti = -20oC; Gap, Δ = 25 mm
Compressive stress, σ = 35 MPa; α = 18.0 × 10-6
m/(m·°C); E = 80 GPa = 80000 MPa
Using the expression for elongation,
αL(∆T) = PL/AE = σ(L/E) + ∆
Solving, ∆T = 487.27oC
But ∆T = Tf – Ti = 487.27oC
Thus Tf = 487.27oC + Ti = 487.27oC - 20oC = 467.27oC
Page 2 of 6
CVE 202: Strength of Materials

Example 3
A homogenous 800 kg bar is supported at either end by a
cable as shown in Figure E3. Calculate the smallest area of
each cable if the stress is not to exceed 90 MPa in bronze
and 120 MPa in steel.

Bronze (L=4m) Steel (L=3m)

10 m
Figure E3: A suspended homogenous bar
Solution
Given
Weight of bar = 800 kg
Length of bar = 10 m
Maximum allowable stress in Bronze, σbr = 90 MPa
Maximum allowable stress in Steel, σst = 120 MPa
Now, estimated load = weight x g = 800 x 9.81 = 7848 N

Page 3 of 6
CVE 202: Strength of Materials

5m 5m

7848 N
By symmetry, Load, Pbr = Pst = 0.5 x 7848 N = 3924 N
Now, σbr = (Pbr/Abr), and σst = (Pbr/Abr)
Therefore, Area of Bronze cable, Abr = (Pbr/σbr)
= 3924 N/
= 43.6 mm2
Area of Steel cable, Ast = (Pst/σst)
= 3924 N/120 N/mm2
= 32.70 mm2

Practice Questions
1. A force of 6.7 kN is applied to a steel wire 7. 5 m in
length. The tensile stress in the wire must not exceed
138 MPa and the total elongation (deformation) must
not exceed 4.5 mm. calculate the required diameter
of the wire. Neglect the weight of the wire; use E =
207000 MPa and proportional limit of 234 MPa.
Page 4 of 6
CVE 202: Strength of Materials

Check to ensure that the tensile stress developed is


less than the proportional limit.
(Answer: d = 8.28 mm)
2. The temperature of a steel rod is raised from 40oC to
70oC. Find the stress induced in the steel rod if α = 12
x 10-6/oC and E = 2 x 105 N/mm2.
(Answer: 72 MPa)
3. A steel rod of length 8 m supports two parallel walls
by nuts. The nuts are tightened at a temperature of
30oC, and the diameter of the rod is 30 mm.
Determine the stress induced in the rod when the
temperature rose to 80oC. E = 2 x10^5 N/mm2; α =
12 x 10-6/oC.
(Answer: σ = 120 MPa)
4. A mild steel tie rod 3 m long having a cross-sectional
area 4 cm2 is subjected to an axial pull of 10 kN. If E
= 2 x 106 N/mm2, compute the (i) stress; (ii) strain;
and (iii) elongation of the rod. (Answer: σ = 25 MPa;
ϵ = 1.25 x 10-5; δ = 3.75 x 10-2 mm)
Page 5 of 6
CVE 202: Strength of Materials

5. A load of 10kN is to be lifted with the help of steel


wire of length 2 metres. Find the minimum diameter
(in mm) of the steel wire if the permissible stress is
limited to 100 x 106 N/m2. Also determine the
elongation (in mm) of the steel wire when stressed to
its permissible limit. E = 200kN/mm2.
(Answer: d = 11.28 mm; δ= 1 mm)
6. A bar of 5 cm diameter and 400 cm long is acted upon
by a load of 100 kN. It is found to extend 10 cm, find
(a) the stress; (b) the strain, and (c) Young’s
modulus.
(Answer: σ = 50.93 MPa); ϵ = 0.25; E = 203.72 MPa)

Page 6 of 6

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