‭Q1. Explain various operators available in JAVA.

‬
‭Ans‬‭:-Java operators are symbols that are used to perform‬‭operations on variables and manipulate the‬
v‭ alues of the operands. Each operator performs specific operations.eg:- 5+ 4 Here 5 and 4 are operands,‬
‭and + is operator.‬

‭Operators may be unary, binary or ternary. Unary operators operate on single operand. eg :- ++ and --.‬

‭Binary operators operate on two operands.eg:- all arithmetic operators except + and -.‬

‭Ternary operator operates on three operands.‬

‭There are eight types of operators available in JAVA:-‬

‭1. Arithmetic Operators‬

‭2. Relational operators‬

‭3. Logical Operators‬

‭4. Assignment Operators‬

‭5. Increment / Decrement Operators‬

‭6. Bitwise Operators‬

‭7. Ternary Operators‬

‭8. Special Operators‬

‭ . Arithmetic operators :-‬‭Those operator which are‬‭used for mathematical calculations are known as‬
1
‭arithmetic operator. The various arithmetic operator are :‬

‭(i) (+) Addition or unary plus‬

‭(ii) (-) subtraction or unary minus‬

‭(iii) (*) multiplication‬

‭(iv) ( / ) division‬

‭(v) (%) modulus.‬

‭Example:-‬

‭class arith‬

‭{‬

‭public static void main( String args[] )‬

‭{‬

‭int a=4,b=6,c,d,e,f,g;‬

‭c=a+b;‬
‭System.out.println(" Addition of a and b is " +c);‬

‭d=a-b;‬

‭System.out.println(" Subtraction of a and b is " +d);‬

‭e=a*b;‬

‭System.out.println(" Multiplication of a and b is " +e);‬

‭f=a/b;‬

‭System.out.println(" Division of a and b is " +f);‬

‭g=a%b;‬

‭System.out.println(" Remainder of a and b is " +g);‬

‭}‬

‭}‬

‭ . Relational operators:-‬‭Relational operators are‬‭used to compare the values of operands of same data‬
2
‭type and return either True or False. Relational operator are binary operators. The relational operators‬
‭are:-‬

‭(i) (==) Equals to‬

‭(ii) (<=) Less than or equal to‬

‭(iii) (>=) Greater than or equal to‬

‭(iv) (<) Less than‬

‭(v) (>) greater than‬

‭(vi) ( !=) Not equal to‬

‭Example:-‬

‭class relation‬

‭{‬

‭public static void main(String args[])‬

‭{‬

‭int a=5,b=7;‬

‭System.out.println(" a is equal to b:" + ( a=b));‬

‭System.out.println(" a is not equal to b:" + ( a!=b));‬

‭System.out.println(" a is less than to b:" + ( a<b));‬

‭System.out.println(" a is greater than to b:" + ( a>b));‬

‭System.out.println(" a is greater than or to b:" + ( a>=b));‬

‭}‬

‭}‬

‭ . Logical Operators:-‬‭Logical operators are used‬‭to combining two or more conditions or complement‬
3
‭the evaluation of the original condition under consideration. The logical Operators are:-‬

‭(i) ( && ) Logical AND‬‭:- Return true if both condition‬‭are true, otherwise false.‬

‭(ii) ( || ) Logical OR:-‬‭Return true if at least one‬‭condition is true, otherwise false.‬

‭(iii) ( ! ) Logical NOT:-‬‭returns true when a condition‬‭is false, otherwise false‬

‭Example:-‬

‭class logic‬

‭{‬

‭public static void main( String args[] )‬

‭{‬

‭int a=4,b=7,c=11;‬

‭System.out.println(" AND Logical :-" +(a>b&&b<c));‬

‭System.out.println(" OR Logical :-" +(a>b||b<c));‬

‭System.out.println(" NOT Logical :-" +(b<c));‬

‭}‬

‭}‬

‭ . Assignment Operator:-‬‭Assignment Operators are‬‭used to assign the result of an expression or value‬

‭eg:- int a;‬

‭a=7; Here '=' is assignment Operator‬

‭The assignment Operators in JAVA are:-‬

‭(i) += Addition assignment‬

‭(ii) -= Subtraction assignment‬

‭(iii) *= Multiplication assignment‬

‭(v) %= Remainder assignment.‬

‭Example:-‬

‭class assign‬

‭{‬

‭public static void main( String args[] )‬

‭{‬

‭int a =5;‬

‭System.out.println(" Addition assignment is"+ (a+=2));‬

‭System.out.println(" Subtraction assignment is"+ (a-=2));‬

‭System.out.println(" Multiplication assignment is"+ (a*=2));‬

‭System.out.println(" Division assignment is"+ (a/=2));‬

‭System.out.println(" Remainder assignment is"+ (a%=2));‬

‭}‬

‭}‬

‭ . Increment /Decrement Operators:-‬‭Increment /Decrement‬ ‭Operators are unary operators. These are‬
5
‭also called auto- increment or auto-decrement operators. The increment operator adds 1 to the‬
‭operand. eg:- '++i' is equivalent to i=i+1 or i+=1.‬

‭The Decrement Operator subtracts 1 from the operand. eg:- '--i' is equivalent to i=i-1 or i-=1.‬

‭There are two types of increment/ decrement operators:-‬

‭1. Post-increment and pre-increment operators‬

‭2.post-decrement and pre-decrement operators.‬

‭1.a)Post-increment operator:-‬

‭ hen placed after the variable name, the value of the operand is incremented but the previous value is‬
W
‭retained temporarily until the execution of this statement and it gets updated before the execution of‬
‭the next statement.‬

‭Syntax‬‭:-‬

‭i++‬

‭ ).pre-increment operator:-‬‭When placed before the‬‭variable name, the operand’s value is incremented‬
b
‭instantly.‬
‭Syntax‬‭:-‬

‭++i‬

‭Example‬‭:-‬

‭class PrePost‬

‭{ ‬

‭public static void main(String args[]) ‬

‭{ ‬

‭int i = 5; ‬

‭i++; ‬

‭System.out.println(i); ‬

‭++i; ‬

‭System.out.println(i); ‬

‭System.out.println(++i); ‬

‭System.out.println(i++); ‬

‭System.out.println(i); ‬

‭} ‬

‭} ‬

‭ . a)Post-decrement operator‬‭:-When placed after the‬‭variable name, the value of the operand is‬
2
‭decremented but the previous value is retained temporarily until the execution of this statement and it‬
‭gets updated before the execution of the next statement.‬

‭Syntax‬‭:-‬

‭i--‬

‭ ) pre- decrement operator:-‬‭When placed before the‬‭variable name, the operand’s value is‬
b
‭decremented instantly.‬

‭Syntax‬‭:-‬

‭--i‬

‭Example‬‭:-‬

‭class PrePostDe ‬

‭{ ‬

‭public static void main(String args[]) ‬

‭int i = 10; ‬

‭i--; ‬

‭System.out.println(i); ‬

‭--i; ‬

‭System.out.println(i); ‬

‭System.out.println(--i); ‬

‭System.out.println(i--); ‬

‭System.out.println(i); ‬

‭} ‬

‭} ‬

‭ .Ternary Operator:-‬‭Ternary operator is also called‬ ‭conditional operator. This operator takes three‬
6
‭operands. The first operand should be an expression and returns boolean value. Second operand or‬
‭expression is executed when result of first operand is true, But if result of first operand is false then,‬
‭third operand or expression is executed.‬

‭Syntax‬‭:-‬

‭Exp1?Exp2:Exp3‬

‭Example‬‭:-‬

‭class ter‬

‭{‬

‭public static void main( String args[])‬

‭{‬

‭int a=5,b=7;‬

‭Result=(a<b)? a is lesser: a is greater;‬

‭}‬

‭}‬

‭ .Bitwise operator:-‬‭Bitwise Operators works on bits‬‭and perform bit by bit operation. They can be used‬
7
‭with any of the integer types. They are used when performing update and query operations of the Binary‬
‭indexed trees. The bitwise Operators are:-‬

‭(i) >> Shift- right‬‭:- Inserts 0 from left and‬‭right most digit is removed( once).‬
‭(ii) << Shift- left:-‬‭Inserts 0 from right and left most digit is removed(once)‬

‭(iii) ~ complement‬‭:- The digit 0 is replaced with‬‭1 and 1 with 0.‬

‭(iv) & Bitwise AND‬‭:- Bit wise AND operation is‬‭performed. if both digits are 1s,it is 1.‬

‭(v) | Bitwise OR:-‬‭Bit wise OR operation is‬‭performed. if either digit is 1, it is 1.‬

(‭ vi) ^ Bitwise Exclusive OR‬‭:-Bitwise Exclusive‬‭OR operation is performed. if one bit is 0 and other is 1,‬
‭it is 1.‬

‭Example‬‭:-‬

‭class bitw‬

‭{‬

‭public static void main( String args[] )‬

‭{‬

‭int a=15,b=13;‬

‭System.out.println("Shift-right is" +(a>>1));‬

‭System.out.println("Shift-left is" +(a<<1));‬

‭System.out.println("Complement is" +(~a));‬

‭System.out.println("Bitwise AND is" +(a&b));‬

‭System.out.println("Bitwise OR is" +(a|b));‬

‭System.out.println("Bitwise Exclusive OR is" +(a^b));‬

‭}‬

‭}‬

‭8. Special Operators:-‬‭JAVA provides two special operators.‬

‭1. ‘instanceof’ operator‬

‭2. Dot operator (.).‬

‭ . 'instanceof' operator:-‬‭It is also called object‬‭reference variables. The operator checks whether the‬
1
‭object belongs to a particular class or interface type.‬

‭Syntax‬‭:-‬

‭<instanceOperatorobject> instanceof <instanceOperatorClass>‬

‭2.Dot operator (.):-‬‭It is used to access the instancr‬‭variable or methods of the objects of a class.‬

‭Syntax‬‭:-‬
 ‭<instanceOperatorobject>.<instanceVariable>‬

‭OR‬

‭<instanceOperatorobject>.<methods>‬

‭Example‬‭:-‬

‭class main‬

‭{‬

‭int a;‬

‭public static void main( String args[])‬

‭{‬

‭main obj= new main();‬

‭Obj.a=5;‬

‭System.out.println("instanceof operator is"+ obj instanceof main());‬

‭System.out.println("Dot operator is"+ obj.a);‬

‭}‬

‭}‬