Parts of Speech

(With Further Types)

By: Ms. Zuha Najeeb

 1. Noun
A noun is a word that represents a person, place,
thing, or idea.
Examples:
• Person: teacher, John
• Place: city, school
• Thing: book, car
• Idea: freedom, love
Sentence: The dog chased the ball in the park.
 Types of Noun
Type of Noun Definition Examples
General name for a person,
i. Common Noun teacher, city, girl
place, or thing
Specific name of a person,
ii. Proper Noun John, Paris, Google
place, or organization
Name for an idea, quality, or
iii. Abstract Noun freedom, justice, kindness
state
Name for something that can
iv. Concrete Noun be perceived through the apple, car, teacher
senses
Name for a group considered
v. Collective Noun team, flock, collection
as a single unit
Name for things that can be
vi. Countable Noun book/books, car/cars
counted
Name for substances or
vii. Uncountable Noun concepts that cannot be water, rice, information
counted
 2. Pronoun
A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun to avoid repetition.
Examples:
• Personal: he, she, it, they
• Possessive: his, her, its, their
• Demonstrative: this, that
• Interrogative: who, what
Sentence:
She loves reading because it helps her relax.
 Types of Pronouns
Type of Pronoun Definition Examples
Refer to specific people or
Personal Pronouns I, you, he, she, we, they
things
Show ownership or mine, yours, his, hers, ours,
Possessive Pronouns
possession theirs
Refer back to the subject myself, yourself, himself,
Reflexive Pronouns
of the sentence herself
Point to specific things or
Demonstrative Pronouns this, that, these, those
people
who, whom, whose, what,
Interrogative Pronouns Used to ask questions
which

who, whom, whose, which,

Relative Pronouns Introduce relative clauses
that

Refer to nonspecific some, any, none, all, few,

Indefinite Pronouns
persons or things many
 3. Verb
A verb is a word that expresses an action, occurrence, or state
of being.
Examples:
• Action verbs: run, jump, write
• Linking verbs: is, are, seem
• Auxiliary verbs: have, will, can

• Sentence: "He runs every morning to stay healthy."

 Types of Verb
Type of Verb Definition Examples
Express physical or mental
Action Verbs run, jump, think
actions
Connect the subject to a
Linking Verbs am, is, seem
complement
Accompany main verbs to
Helping Verbs has, have, will
form verb phrases
Transitive Verbs Require a direct object read, kick, make
Do not require a direct
Intransitive Verbs sleep, cry, shine
object
Consist of a verb and a
Phrasal Verbs particle, altering the verb's give up, look after
meaning
Express necessity,
Modal Verbs can, must, should
possibility, or ability
 4. Adverb

• An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or

another adverb, often indicating manner, place, time,
frequency, or degree.
Examples:
• Manner: quickly, slowly
• Time: yesterday, soon
• Frequency: often, rarely
Sentence: "She sings beautifully and practices every day."
 5. Adjective

An adjective is a word that describes or modifies a noun,

providing more information about it.
Examples:
• Descriptive: beautiful, tall, blue
• Quantitative: few, many, several
• Demonstrative: this, that
Sentence: "The red car sped down the narrow street."
 6. Preposition

A preposition is a word that shows the relationship

between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in a
sentence.
• Examples:
in, on, at, between, under, over…
"The cat is under the table."
 7. Conjunction

A conjunction is a word that connects words, phrases,

clauses, or sentences.
• Examples:
• Coordinating: and, but, or, so
• Subordinating: because, although, since
• Correlative: either...or, neither...nor

"I want to go for a walk, but it’s raining."

 8. Article

An article is a word used before a noun to indicate

whether it is general or specific. There are two types
of articles:
• definite (the)
• indefinite (a, an)
Example:
Once upon a time, there was a crow. The crow was
very thirsty.
 9. Interjection
An interjection is a word or phrase that expresses strong
emotion or surprise, often standing alone.
Examples:
• Wow!
• Oh!
• Ouch!
• Hooray!

"Wow! That was an amazing performance!"

 Summary Table
Part of Speech Definition Examples
Represents a person, place,
Noun dog, city, freedom
thing, or idea
Pronoun Replaces a noun he, she, it
Expresses an action,
Verb run, is, have
occurrence, or state
Adjective Describes or modifies a noun beautiful, red, several
Modifies a verb, adjective, or
Adverb quickly, very, often
another adverb
Shows the relationship
Preposition between a noun and other in, on, under
words
Connects words, phrases, or
Conjunction and, but, because
clauses
Expresses strong emotion or
Interjection wow, ouch, hooray
surprise
 TASK 1
Identify & label each part of speech in the given paragraph:

• The curious cat quickly jumped onto the old

wooden table and knocked over a glass vase.
As it shattered, the startled dog barked
loudly from the corner. Suddenly, their
owner ran into the room, holding a broom
and shouting in surprise.
 Solution

•Nouns (e.g., cat, table, vase, dog, owner, room,

broom)
•Verbs (e.g., jumped, knocked, shattered, barked, ran,
holding, shouting)
•Adjectives (e.g., curious, old, wooden, glass, startled)
•Adverbs (e.g., quickly, loudly, suddenly)
•Prepositions (e.g., onto, from, into)
•Conjunctions (e.g., and)
•Articles (e.g., the, a)
 TASK 2
Identify & label each part of speech in the given paragraph:

• After the heavy rain, a bright rainbow

appeared across the sky. The children ran
outside, laughing and pointing at the colorful
arc. A small bird chirped cheerfully on a
nearby branch, adding music to the peaceful
morning.
 Task 3

Last Sunday, the little boy quickly climbed

the tall tree to rescue a kitten that was stuck
on a high branch. His parents watched
nervously from the ground, hoping he
wouldn’t fall. Luckily, he managed to grab
the kitten and slowly made his way down.
 Solution

• Last (adjective) Sunday (noun), the (article) little (adjective) boy

(noun) quickly (adverb) climbed (verb) the (article) tall (adjective)
tree (noun) to (preposition) rescue (verb) a (article) kitten (noun) that
(relative pronoun) was (verb) stuck (adjective) on (preposition) a (article)
high (adjective) branch (noun). His (possessive pronoun) parents
(noun) watched (verb) nervously (adverb) from (preposition) the
(article) ground (noun), hoping (verb) he (pronoun) wouldn’t (modal
verb + negation) fall (verb). Luckily (adverb), he (pronoun) managed
(verb) to (infinitive marker) grab (verb) the (article) kitten (noun) and
(conjunction) slowly (adverb) made (verb) his (possessive pronoun) way
(noun) down (adverb).