RFID Based Attendance System Using Arduino

Uno
A Report submitted

In partial fulfillment for the Degree of

Diploma

in

Computer Engineering
by

1. Shivam Popat Ghadage

Pursued in

Department of Computer Engineering

Shreeyash College of Engineering and Technology

(Polytechnic), Chh. Sambhajinagar

Shreeyash College of Engineering and Technology

(Polytechnic), Chh. Sambhajinagar

2024-25
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled RFID Based Attendance
System Using Arduino Uno submitted by Shivam P Ghadage to the
Shreeyash College of Engineering and Technology (Polytechnic), Chh.
Sambhajinagar , in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of Diploma
in Computer Engineering is a bona fide record of project work carried out
by him under our supervision. The contents of this report, in full or in parts,
have not been submitted to any other Institution for the award of diploma.

Prof. A.C Naik Prof. A.C Naik Prof. S.S. Khandagale

GUID HOD Principal
 DECLARATION

I declare that this project report titled RFID Based Attendance System
Using Arduino Uno submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree of
Diploma In Computer Engineering is a record of original work carried out
by me under the supervision of Shivam P Ghadage , and has not formed
the basis for the award of any other degree or diploma, in this orany other
Institution. In keeping with the ethical practice in reporting scientific
information, due acknowledgements have been made wherever the findings
of others have been cited.

1.Shivam Popat Ghadge 23511510350

Date :-

Place:- Chh.Sambhajinagar

v
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I would like to acknowledge the following as being idealistic channels in the completion of
this project. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them. I take this opportunity
to thank our Institute, who provided the necessary facilities, guidance and gave me the
chance to do this project. I would like to thank our Head of Department, who gave me an
opportunity to do this project on the topic "RFID BASED ATTENDANCE SYSTEM
USING ARDUINO UNO", which helped me to learn many new things. I take this
opportunity to thank my Project Coordinator, Assistant Professor for his valuable guidance,
support, and constant supervision in completion of this project. I would also like to express
my sincere gratitude towards my project guide, , whose guidance, and care made the project
successful. I would like to express my special gratitude and thanks to all the faculties of
our institute for giving me such attention and time. My thanks and appreciation also go to
my colleagues who helped me in developing the project.

1.Shivam Popat Ghadge 23511 510350

 ABSTRACT

In many schools and colleges, teachers record the students' attendance in an

attendance register manually. Later this data is entered into a computer and the
aggregate percentage of students' attendance is calculated. This method results in
duplication of work and increases manpower requirements. Recently, students’
attendance has been considered as one of the crucial elements or issues that reflects the
academic achievements and the performance contributed to any university compared to
the traditional methods that impose time-consuming and inefficiency.

Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the key mediums to solve the said issue. Diverse
automatic identification technologies have been more in vogue such as Radio
Frequency Identification (RFID). RFID is a wireless technology which uses to a
purpose of identifying and tracking an object via radio waves to transfer data from an
electronic tag, called RFID tag or label to send data to RFID reader. This IOT based
project is for reducing manpower and implementing automation and furthermore being
beneficial for the school, colleges, or any workplace.

v
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter No. Title Page No.

Acknowledgements i
Abstract ii
List of Figures iii
List of Tables iv

Chapter 1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 1

1.1 RFID Technology 2

1.2 RFID Tag 2
1.3 RFID Reader 2
1.4 IOT (Internet of Things) 2
1.5 Arduino

Chapter 2 Literature Review ..................................................................................... 3

2.1 Attendance and Information System using RFID and Web-Based 3

Application for Academic Sector
2.2 A RFID based (IoT) automatic attendance system: A survey analysis 3
2.3 A New Model of The Student Attendance Monitoring System
Using RFID Technology 4
2.4 Fully Automated Classroom Attendance System 4
2.5 Student Attendance System Using RFID 4
2.6 Problem Statement 6
2.7 Objectives 6

Chapter 3 Methodology… ........................................................................................... 7

3.1 Block Diagram 7

3.2 Flow Chart 8
3.3 Data Flow Diagram 9
3.4 Pin Diagram 10

Chapter 4 System Overview ........................................................................................24

4.1 Components and Supplies 24

4.2 Arduino Uno 24
4.3 RFID Reader MFRC522 Module 25
4.4 SD Card Module 26
4.5 RTC Module 26
4.6 RFID Cards 27
4.7 LCD Display 27
4.8 Breadboard 28
 4.9 Jumper Wires 29
4.10 Potentiometer & Resistor 29
4.11 Software Implementation 30
4.11.1 Arduino IDE 30
4.11.2 Working 30

Chapter 5 Outcome & Result ........................................................................................ 31

Chapter 6 Conclusion & Overview ............................................................................... 33

Appendix

References 34

v
 List of Figures

S.No. Figure Title Page No.

No.
1. 3.1 Block Diagram of the whole system 7
2. 3.2 Flow chart of the system 8
3. 3.3 Dataflow Diagram of the system 9
4. 3.4 Pinout of Arduino Uno Board 10
5. 3.5 Pinout of RFID-RC522 15
6. 3.6 Pinout of SD Card Module 17
7. 3.7 Pinout of DS3231 RTC 19

8. 3.8 Pinout of 16x2 Module 21

9. 4.2 Arduino Uno Board 25
10. 4.3 RFID MFRC522 25
11. 4.4 SD Card Module 26
12. 4.5 RTC Module 26
13. 4.6 RFID Card & Tag 27
14. 4.7 LCD Display 27
15. 4.8 Breadboard 28
16. 4.9 Jumper Wire 29
17. 4.10 Potentiometer & Resistor 29
18. 5.1 Result 1 31
19. 5.2 Result 2 31

iii
 List of Tables

S.No. Table No. Title Page No.

1. 3.5 RFID-RC522 Pin Configuration 16
2. 3.6 SD Card Module Pin Configuration 18
3. 3.7 DS3231 RTC Pin Configuration 20
4. 3.8 16x2 LCD Pin Configuration 22
5. 3.9 Pin Connection of RFID & Uno 23
6. 3.6 Pin Connection of SD module & Uno 23
7. 3.7 Pin Connection of RTC & Uno 23

iv
 Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

Information Technology (IT) has played a significant role in developing several aspects
in academic sectors and domains such as student monitoring and management systems.

Attendance or daily register of understudies has turned into a vital assessment

perspective in the current instructive framework in both universities and schools. The
conventional attendance monitoring framework has a few impediments with the trend
and the technology gap. For instance, passing the everyday attendance sheet to a huge
number of students in a class is extremely risky and it hampers the consideration of the
students in the class. It is waste of time as well as a student can deliberately enlist
counterfeit attendance record in the day-by-day attendance sheet. On the off chance, if
the teacher loses these documents, all the significant attendance records are lost without
doubt.

Therefore, it is a critical subject to tracking and manages student’s attendance in school,

college, and university environment. Since it can be helped to urge students to attend
on time, amend the efficiency of the learning, increase learning grade, and finally
boosting and improving the education level. So, there is a need to manage the student
attendance records automatically by using information technology management system
in a faculty to assist the maintaining attendance. Biometrics techniques are used to
verify identification through their characteristics like face recognition, signatures,
fingerprint, voice recognition, irises, barcode, Bluetooth, Near-Field Communication
(NFC), RFID and so on.

RFID innovation has a tremendous task to carry out in the completion of the vision of
associating objects around us to the internet. These items extend from huge structures,
modern plants, planes, vehicles, machineries, any sort of merchandise, and explicit
pieces of a bigger framework to people, animals and plants and even explicit body
portions of them. The idea driving this is called Internet of Things (IoT).

1
1.1 RFID Technology: RFID is standard for Radio Frequency Identification which is
the very latest concept of Internet of Things (IoT) and it is very similar technology
of barcode system but with some higher advanced concept. It works by using
transferring and receiving signal using Antenna and Integrated Circuit. It has two
parts namely, RFID Tag and RFID Reader.

1.2 RFID Tag: A RFID Tag is an electronic tag that exchanges information with a
RFID reader through radio waves. Almost every RFID Tags have two parts namely,
Antenna and Integrated Circuit (IC). Antenna used for receives radio frequency
waves and IC used for processing and store data.

1.3 RFID Reader: RFID reader is a device which used to gather information from
RFID tag which used to track individual. RFID uses radio waves to transfer the data
from tag to reader

1.4 IOT (Internet of Things): The Internet of things (IoT) describes physical objects
(or groups of such objects) with sensors, processing ability, software and other
technologies that connect and exchange data with other devices and systems
over the Internet or other communications networks. Internet of things has been
considered a misnomer because devices do not need to be connected to the public
internet, they only need to be connected to a network and be individually
addressable.

1.5 Arduino: Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use

hardware and software. Arduino boards can read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger
on a button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor,
turning on an LED, publishing something online. You can tell your board what to
do by sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller on the board. To do so you
use the Arduino programming language (based on Wiring), and the Arduino
Software (IDE), based on Processing.

2
 Chapter 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

In this project, I did a literature review and took some paper for the reference as follows:

2.1 Attendance and Information System using RFID and Web-Based Application
for Academic Sector.

By: Hasanein D. Rjeib. Nabeel Salih Ali, Ali Al Farawn, Basheer Al-Sadawi., Haider
Alsharqi.
Journal & Published: Article in International Journal of Advanced Computer Science
and Applications & January 2018

Findings: A student attendance and information system are designed and implemented
to manage student’s data and provide capabilities for tracking student attendance,
grading student marks, giving information about timetable, lecture time, room number,
and other student-related information. Also, the proposed system provides easiness for
the staff where there is no need for extra paper works and additional lockers for saving
data.

Research Gap: Much complicated being web-based application. Only students’ data
is involved, can be used for other staffs and faculties.

2.2 A RFID based (IoT) automatic attendance system: A survey analysis.

By: RKAR. Kariapper1, MS. Suhail Razeeth.

Journal & Published: Southeastern University of Sri Lanka, Oluvil & April 2019.

Findings: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a very advanced technology for

automatic attendance system, and it provide very higher accuracy and speed than a
traditional paper-based system. And it says that RFID is a best replacement of
traditional method without any doubt.

Research Gap: Eventually from this study I got to know that each system we has its
own advantages and disadvantages. Some characteristics are good for some system,
and some
3
are not. To overcome this, a hybrid model is necessary, and which merely provide
higher efficient system without any disadvantage.

2.3 A New Model of The Student Attendance Monitoring System Using

RFID Technology

By: Mutammimul Ula, Angga Pratama, Yuli Asbar, Wahyu Fuadi, Riyadhul Fajri,
Richki Hardi.
Journal & Published: Journal of Physics: Conference Series CSINTESA 2019
Findings: With the student attendance system using RFID technology, the
management of the inputted data, and the archive of reports that often occur file
loss no longer occurs because it has been stored in a database. With the student
attendance system using RFID technology.

Research Gap: Beneficial for other staffs also, high maintenance and cost implementation.

2.4 Fully Automated Classroom Attendance System.

By: Eid Al Hajri, Farrukh Hafeez, Ameer Azhar N V.

Journal & Published: International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, &

August 2019

Findings: The implemented system offers number of befits over traditional system
includes freedom of delivering lecture with full focus without notifying student timing.
As it is fully automated, the chance of error in the attendance entry is NIL. Fully
Automated Classroom Attendance System metric identification make system
invincible.

Research Gap: Biometric identification can be installed; RFID reader range can be
increased by replacing high range RFID reader.

2.5 Student Attendance System Using RFID.

By: R. Nivetha, M. Kavipriya, R. Pavithra, C. Jeyanthi, V. Santhana Lakshmi.

Journal & Published: International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and

Management volume 3, Issue-10 & October-2020.
4
Findings: Attempt has been made to mark the attendance of the students using RFID
technology. It monitors the student’s attendance thereby the time is saved for teacher.
The adaptability of RFID for the student course attendance system in implementing
functional and automatic system by simply swiping or moving their ID cards.

Research Gap: Use of Biometrics can improve some aspects, storing data in cloud
could be more useful and easier for backing up data, and even data to be send to parents
about present and absent of the students.

5
2.6 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Problem Definition
Passing the everyday attendance sheet to a huge number of students in a class is risky
as students can miss their attendance call and it can hamper students’ attendance
percentage. It is waste of time as well as a student can give a false attendance and cheat
on the record in the day-by-day attendance sheet. If the teacher loses these documents,
all the significant attendance records are lost without doubt.

2.7 OBJECTIVE
 To provide very higher accuracy and speed than a traditional paper-based system.
 To provide security and easy tracking of data.
 Implement fully automatic process.

6
 Chapter 3
METHODOLO
GY

The research methodology used is as follows:

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM
A block diagram is used to represent a control system in diagram form. In other words,
the practical representation of a control system is its block diagram. Each element of
the control system is represented with a block and the block is the symbolic
representation of the transfer function of that element.

Figure 3.1: Block Diagram of the whole system

This is the block diagram of the project RFID based Attendance System using Arduino,
RTC. Here Arduino UNO acts as a central processor for controlling all other
components as input/output unit.
The function of each block in the block diagram above is as follows:
 RFID Reader: the input block consists of an RFID reader, the tag data card that the
reader detects will be sent to the microcontroller.
 Block microcontroller, data processor and central controller of the system.
 Once it is verified by the microcontroller, data is stored in the memory unit.

7
3.2 FLOW CHART

A flowchart is a picture of the separate steps of a process in sequential order. It is a

generic tool that can be adapted for a wide variety of purposes, and can be used to
describe various processes, such as a manufacturing process, an administrative or
service process, or a project plan.

Figure 3.2: Flowchart of the system

Each student is issued an RFID card as their id card and their attendance is
marked when they touch their card to RFID reader.
8
3.3 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

A data-flow diagram is a way of representing a flow of data through a process or a

system (usually an information system). The DFD also provides information about the
outputs and inputs of each entity and the process itself. A data-flow diagram has no
control flow — there are no decision rules and no loops.

Figure 3.3: Dataflow Diagram of the system

9
3.4 PIN DIAGRAM

A pin out is a reference to the pins or contacts that connect an electrical device or
connector. It describes the functions of transmitted signals and the circuit input/output
(I/O) requirements. Each individual pin in a chip, connector or singular wire is defined
in text, a table or a diagram.

Pin Out

A pin out is a reference to the pins or contacts that connect an electrical device or
connector. It describes the functions of transmitted signals and the circuit input/output
(I/O) requirements. Each individual pin in a chip, connector or singular wire is defined
in text, a table or a diagram

PIN Out of different modules:

Figure 3.4: Pin Out of Arduino Uno Board

10
Arduino Uno:

Arduino Uno is based on the ATmega328P by Atmel. The Arduino Uno pin out
consists of 14 digital pins, 6 analog inputs, a power jack, USB connection and ICSP
header

Arduino Uno pin out – Power Supply

There are three ways to power the Arduino Uno:

Barrel Jack: The Barrel Jack or DC Power Jack can be used to power the Arduino
board. The barrel jack is usually connected to a wall adapter. The board can be powered
by 5-20 volts, but the manufacturer recommends to keep it between 7-12 volts. Above
12 volts, the regulators might overheat, and below 7 volts, might not suffice.

VIN Pin: This pin is used to power the Arduino Uno board using an external power
source. The voltage should be within the range mentioned above.
USB cable: when connected to the computer, provides 5 volts at 500mA.
5v and 3v3: They provide regulated 5 and 3.3v to power external components
according to manufacturer specifications.
GND: In the Arduino Uno pin out, you can find 5 GND pins, which are all
interconnected. The GND pins are used to close the electrical circuit and provide a
common logic reference level throughout your circuit. Always make sure that all GNDs
(of the Arduino, peripherals and components) are connected to one another and have a
common ground.
RESET: Resets the Arduino.
IOREF: This pin is the input/output reference. It provides the voltage reference with
which the microcontroller operates.
Arduino Uno Pin out - Analog IN

The Arduino Uno has 6 analog pins, which utilize ADC (Analog to Digital converter).
These pins serve as analogy inputs but can also function as digital inputs or digital
outputs.

Arduino Uno Pinout - Digital Pins

Pins 0-13 of the Arduino Uno serve as digital input/output

11
pins. Pin 13 of the Arduino Uno is connected to the built-in

LED.

In the Arduino Uno - pins 3, 5,6,9,10,11 have PWM capability.

Digital: Digital is a way of representing voltage in 1 bit: either 0 or 1. Digital pins on

the Arduino are pins designed to be configured as inputs or outputs according to the
needs of the user. Digital pins are either on or off. When ON they are in a HIGH voltage
state of 5V and when OFF they are in a LOW voltage state of 0V. On the Arduino,
when the digital pins are configured as output, they are set to 0 or 5 volts.

When the digital pins are configured as input, the voltage is supplied from an external
device. This voltage can vary between 0-5 volts which is converted into digital
representation (0 or 1).

When connecting a component to a digital pin, make sure that the logic levels match. If
the voltage is in between the thresholds, the returning value will be undefined.

PWM: In general, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is a modulation technique used to

encode a message into a pulsing signal. A PWM is comprised of two key components:
frequency and duty cycle. The PWM frequency dictates how long it takes to complete
a single cycle (period) and how quickly the signal fluctuates from high to low. The duty
cycle determines how long a signal stays high out of the total period. Duty cycle is
represented in percentage.

Communication Protocols: Serial (TTL) - Digital pins 0 and 1 are the serial pins of
the Arduino Uno. They are used by the on-board USB module.

Serial Communication: Serial communication is used to exchange data between the

Arduino board and another serial device such as computers, displays, sensors and more.
Each Arduino board has at least one serial port. Serial communication occurs on digital
pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX) as well as via USB. Arduino supports serial communication
through digital pins with the Software Serial Library as well. This allows the user to
connect multiple serial-enabled devices and leave the main serial port available for the
USB.

Software serial and hardware serial - Most m1i2crocontrollers have hardware designed to
communicate with other serial devices. Software serial ports use a pin-change
interrupt
system to communicate. There is a built-in library for Software Serial communication.
Software serial is used by the processor to simulate extra serial ports. The only
drawback with software serial is that it requires more processing and cannot support
the same high speeds as hardware serial.

SPI - SS/SCK/MISO/MOSI pins are the dedicated pins for SPI communication. They
can be found on digital pins 10-13 of the Arduino Uno and on the ICSP headers.

SPI: Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is a serial data protocol used by microcontrollers
to communicate with one or more external devices in a bus like connection. The SPI can
also be used to connect 2 microcontrollers. On the SPI bus, there is always one device
that is denoted as a Master device and all the rest as Slaves. In most cases, the
microcontroller is the Master device. The SS (Slave Select) pin determines which
device the Master is currently communicating with.

SPI enabled devices always have the following pins:

MISO (Master In Slave Out) - A line for sending data to the Master device.

MOSI (Master Out Slave In) - The Master line for sending data to peripheral devices.

SCK (Serial Clock) - A clock signal generated by the Master device to synchronize
data transmission.

I2C - SCL/SDA pins are the dedicated pins for I2C communication. On the Arduino
Uno they are found on Analog pins A4 and A5.

I2C: is a communication protocol commonly referred to as the “I2C bus”. The I2C
protocol was designed to enable communication between components on a single
circuit board. With I2C there are 2 wires referred to as SCL and SDA.

SCL is the clock line which is designed to synchronize data transfers.

SDA is the line used to transmit data. Each device on the I2C bus has a unique address,
up to 255 devices can be connected on the same bus.

Aref - Reference voltage for the analog inputs.

Interrupt - INT0 and INT1. Arduino Uno has two external interrupt pins.

13
External Interrupt - An external interrupt is a system interrupt that occurs when outside
interference is present. Interference can come from the user or other hardware devices
in the network. Common uses for these interrupts in Arduino are reading the frequency
a square wave generated by encoders or waking up the processor upon an external
event.

Arduino has two forms of interrupt:

External, Pin Change: There are two external interrupt pins on the ATmega168/328
called INT0 and INT1. Both INT0 and INT1 are mapped to pins 2 and 3. In contrast,
Pin Change interrupts can be activated on any of the pins.

Arduino Uno Pin out - ICSP Header

ICSP stands for In-Circuit Serial Programming. The name originated from In-System
Programming headers (ISP). Manufacturers like Atmel who work with Arduino have
developed their own in-circuit serial programming headers. These pins enable the user
to program the Arduino boards’ firmware. There are six ICSP pins available on the
Arduino board that can be hooked to a programmer device via a programming cable.

14
RFID-RC522:

The RC522 is a 13.56MHz RFID module that is based on the MFRC522 controller
from NXP semiconductors. The module can support I2C, SPI and UART and normally
is shipped with a RFID card and key fob. It is commonly used in attendance systems
and other person/object identification applications.

Figure 3.5: Pin O1u5t of RFID-RC522

 RC522 Pin Configuration:

Pin Pin Name Description

Numb
er
1 Vcc Used to Power the module, typically 3.3V is used

2 RST Reset pin – used to reset or power down the module

3 Ground Connected to Ground of system

4 IRQ Interrupt pin – used to wake up the module when a

device comes into range

5 MISO/SCL/T MISO pin when used for SPI communication, acts as

X SCL for I2c and TX for UART.

6 MOSI Master out slave in pin for SPI communication

7 SCK Serial Clock pin – used to provide clock source

8 SS/SDA/Rx Acts as Serial input (SS) for SPI communication, SDA

for IIC and Rx during UART

Table 3.5: RFID-RC522 Pin Configuration

16
Micro SD Card Adapter Module:

SD cards or Micro SD cards are widely used in various applications, such as data
logging, data visualization, and many more. Micro SD Card Adapter modules make it
easier for us to access these SD cards with ease. The Micro SD Card Adapter
module is an easy-to-use module with an SPI interface and an on-board 3.3V voltage
regulator to provide proper supply to the SD card.

Figure 3.6: Pin Out of SD Card Module

17
Pin Configuration of Micro SD Card Adapter Module:

The module contains 6 pins for power and communicating with the controller.
The table below describes the pin type and role of each pin on the module.

Pin Type Pin Description

GND Ground

VCC Voltage Input

MISO Master In Slave Out (SPI)

MOSI Master Out Slave In (SPI)

SCK Serial Clock (SPI)

CS Chip Select (SPI)

Table 3.6: SD Card Module Pin Configuration

18
RTC Module:

RTC means Real Time Clock. RTC modules are simply TIME and DATE remembering
systems which have battery setup which in the absence of external power keeps the
module running. This keeps the TIME and DATE up to date. So we can have accurate
TIME and DATE from RTC module whenever we want.

Figure 3.7: Pin Out of DS3231 RTC Module

19
DS3231 RTC Pin Configuration:

DS3231 is a six-terminal device, out of them two pins are not compulsory to use. So
we have mainly four pins. These four pins are given out on other side of module sharing
the same name.

Pin Name Description

VCC Connected to positive of power source.

GND Connected to ground.

SDA Serial Data pin (I2C interface)

SCL Serial Clock pin (I2C interface)

SQW Square Wave output pin

32K 32K oscillator output

Table 3.7: DS3231 RTC Pin Configuration

20
16x2 LCD Module:

16x2 LCD modules are very commonly used in most embedded projects, the reason
being its cheap price, availability, programmer friendly and available educational
resources.

Figure 3.8: Pin Out of 16x2 LCD Display Module

21
16x2 LCD Pinout Configuration:
Pin Pin Name: Description
No:

1 Vss (Ground) Ground pin connected to system ground

2 Vdd (+5 Volt) Powers the LCD with +5V (4.7V – 5.3V)

3 VE (Contrast Decides the contrast level of display. Grounded to get maximum contrast.
V)

4 Register Connected to Microcontroller to shift between command/data register

Select

5 Read/Write Used to read or write data. Normally grounded to write data to LCD

6 Enable Connected to Microcontroller Pin and toggled between 1 and 0 for data
acknowledgement

7 Data Pin 0 Data pins 0 to 7 forms a 8-bit data line. They can be connected to
Microcontroller to send 8-bit data.
These LCD’s can also operate on 4-bit mode in such case Data pin 4,5,6
and 7 will be left free.

8 Data Pin 1

9 Data Pin 2

10 Data Pin 3

11 Data Pin 4

12 Data Pin 5

13 Data Pin 6

14 Data Pin 7

15 LED Positive Backlight LED pin positive terminal

16 LED Negative Backlight LED pin negative terminal

Table 3.8: 16x2 LCD Pin Configuration

22
Pin Connections of the system:

RFID UNO

SDA PIN 10
SCK PIN 13
MOSI PIN 12
MISO PIN 11
IRQ
GND GND
RST
3.3V 3.3V

Table 3.9: Pin Connection of RFID & Uno

SD MODULE UNO
CS PIN 5
SCK PIN 13

MOSI PIN 12
MISO PIN 11
VCC 5v
GND GND

Table 3.10: Pin Connection of SD Module and Uno

RTC UNO

32K

SQW

SCL A5

SDA A4

VCC 5v

GND GND

Table 3.11: Pin Connection of RTC & Uno

23
 Chapter 4
SYSTEM OVERVIEW

4.1 COMPONENTS AND SUPPLIES

 Arduino Uno Board

 RFID MFRC522 Module
 SD card module
 RTC module
 RFID Card/Tag
 LCD display
 Breadboard
 Jumper wires
 Potentiometer & Resistor

4.2 Arduino Uno board

Arduino UNO Microcontroller stores the attendance of the student in the

microcontroller memory. Main goal of RFID based attendance system is to record the
attendance of the student. In this project, Arduino UNO microcontroller is used which
is based on 8-bit ATmega328P Microcontroller. It is the main component of project.

Microcontroller does the following functions:

1. Displaying on LCD.

2. Input is read from RFID reader.

3. The data or RFID card ID is compared with the data stored in microcontroller memory.

4. If the tag does not match, the buzzer or the led gives signal.

5. If the tag is available in the memory, in time of the student is stored.

6. The data is sent to the memory unit and the attendance of the student is marked

24
 Figure 4.2: Arduino UNO Board

4.3 RFID Reader MFRC522 Module

Full form of RFID is Radio Frequency Identification. RFID tags and RFID reader use
wireless communication between them. In this kind of communication RFID Reader
does not need any line of sight with the tags. The reader can find the RFID tag even if
there is an obstacle between them. RFID Reader is shown in figure

Figure 4.3: RFID MFRC522 Module

25
4.4 SD Card Module
It is used to transfer data to and from SD card. Used to fulfil the data logging
part. Uses SPI communication to transfer data between the microcontroller and
SD card.

Figure 4.4: SD card module

4.5 RTC Module

RTC stands for Real Time Clock. This is power by a battery. Therefore, even
when the whole device is switched off, we can still get the accurate time from the
RTC.

26
Figure 4.5: RTC Module
4.6 RFID Card & Tag
There are two main kinds of RFID cards, Passive and Active. Passive RFID tags are
used in this system.

We can use normal RFID cards which are of the size of credit card. These cards are
like credit or debit

cards which are white in color that can be used as ID card also.

Figure 4.6: RFID Tag & Card

4.7 LCD Display

Liquid crystal display is also used to display the Name, Time in and Time out of the
authorized students and to display error message for unauthorized access

Figure 4.7: LCD Display

27
4.8 Breadboard

A breadboard is a rectangular plastic board with a bunch of tiny holes in it. Most
electronic components in electronic circuits can be interconnected by inserting their
leads or terminals into the holes and then making connections through wires where
appropriate. The breadboard has strips of metal underneath the board and connects the
holes on the top of the board.

Figure 4.8: Breadboard

4.9 Jumper Wire

Jumper wires are used to connect two points in a circuit. All Electronics stocks jumper
wire in a variety of lengths and assortments. Frequently used with breadboards and
other prototyping tools to make it easy to change a circuit as needed. Male jumpers are
designed to plug securely into the holes in a breadboard. Female jumpers are useful for
connecting male header posts and pin terminals on components. Jumpers are available
in female- female, male-male and male-female configurations.

28
 Figure 4.9: Jumper Wires

4.10 Potentiometer & Resistor

A potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or rotating contact that forms

an adjustable voltage divider. If only two terminals are used, one end and the wiper, it
acts as a variable resistor or rheostat.

The resistor is a passive electrical component that creates resistance in the flow of
electric current. In almost all electrical networks and electronic circuits they can be
found.

Figure 4.10: Potentiometer & Resistor

29
4.11 SOFTWARE IMPLEMETATION

4.11.1 Arduino IDE

The open-source Arduino Software (IDE) makes it easy to write code and
upload it to the board. It runs on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. The
environment is written in Java and based on Processing and other open-source
software. This software can be used with any Arduino board. The Arduino
development environment contains a text editor for writing code, a message
area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons for common functions, and a series
of menus. It has features for cutting/pasting and for searching/replacing text.
The message area gives feedback while saving and exporting and displays
errors. The console displays text output by the Arduino environment including
complete error messages and other information.

4.11.2 Working of the system

Student Attendance system is used to mark the attendance of students by
recording the in time and out time of the students. It is included in colleges,
school for students to get their attendance. RFID cards come in the size of credit
card which is in white color. A student will be given RFID card and RFID reader
will be placed on the door or the entry gate of school or college. Whenever
students want to enter in the school/college, he/she must show the RFID card to
the reader, student has to take the RFID card near to the RFID reader. RFID
Reader will mark the attendance by fetching the RFID card number and swiped
in time.

30
4.11.3 Code

#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <SPI.h>
#include <MFRC522.h>

// LCD I2C Address (Try 0x27 or 0x3F if not working)

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

#define SS_PIN 10
#define RST_PIN 9
#define BUZZER 8 // Buzzer Pin

MFRC522 rfid(SS_PIN, RST_PIN);

MFRC522::MIFARE_Key key;

// Predefined authorized RFID card UIDs with student details

struct Student {
byte UID[4];
const char *name;
const char *branch;
int rollNo;
};

// List of students
Student students[] = {
{{0x63, 0xE4, 0x1C, 0xDA}, "Krishna Panchal", "CO", 15},
{{0x6E, 0x55, 0x97, 0x3F}, "Aditya Pawar", "CO", 21}
};

// Function to check UID and return student info

31
const Student* getStudentInfo(byte *uid) {
for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(students) / sizeof(students[0]); i++) {
 bool match = true;
for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
if (students[i].UID[j] != uid[j]) {
match = false;
break;
}
}
if (match) return &students[i]; // Return student data
}
return nullptr; // Return NULL if not found
}

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
SPI.begin();
rfid.PCD_Init();

lcd.init();
lcd.backlight();

pinMode(BUZZER, OUTPUT);

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Scan Your Card");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Attendance System");
}

void loop() {
if (!rfid.PICC_IsNewCardPresent() || !rfid.PICC_ReadCardSerial()) {
return;
}
32

Serial.print("Card UID: ");

for (byte i = 0; i < rfid.uid.size; i++) {
Serial.print(rfid.uid.uidByte[i], HEX);
Serial.print(" ");
}
Serial.println();

lcd.clear();

const Student* student = getStudentInfo(rfid.uid.uidByte);

if (student != nullptr) {
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print(student->name);
delay(1000);

lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Branch: ");
lcd.print(student->branch);

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Roll No: ");
lcd.print(student->rollNo);
delay(1000);

lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Attendance");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Marked!");

digitalWrite(BUZZER, HIGH);
delay(500); 33

digitalWrite(BUZZER, LOW);
 } else {
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Access Denied!");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Unauthorized Card");

digitalWrite(BUZZER, HIGH);
delay(100);
digitalWrite(BUZZER, LOW);
delay(100);
digitalWrite(BUZZER, HIGH);
delay(100);
digitalWrite(BUZZER, LOW);
}

delay(2000);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Scan Your Card");

rfid.PICC_HaltA();
rfid.PCD_StopCrypto1();
}

34
 Chapter 5
OUTCOME/RESULT

The attendance of the students is stored in the memory unit i.e., SD Card. Attendance
is stored in numerical format with different unique ID. Date & Time along with RFID
unique ID is stored.

Figure 5.1: Result 1

Figure 5.2: Result 2

35
GANTT CHART

36
 Chapter 6
CONCLUSION AND OVERVIEW

In this project attempt has been made to mark the attendance of the students using RFID
technology. It has been up to mark, the use of RFID is a success, it is storing up data
much faster than traditional method and with much higher accuracy. Just swiping the
RFID tags attendance is being stored and time saving for the student and the teacher.

It is obvious that the use of biometrics could improve some aspects of using this kind
of system. High security level can be increased, much wider range of RFID can be set
to capture the data over from distance. This system can be further improved by storing
the attendance in the cloud or in much bigger database, even data can be sent to the
parents about the presence and absence of the student, cards can be misused by the
student’s, proxy attendance can be given, where fingerprint can be a essential as well as
implementing NFC Near field communication and improve and be much more secure
to use.

37
Appendix:

Connecting Diagram of the system:

38
Working of the system
Student Attendance system is used to mark the attendance of students by recording the
in time and out time of the students. It is included in colleges, school for students to get
their attendance. RFID cards come in the size of credit card which is in white color. A
student will be given RFID card and RFID reader will be placed on the door or the entry
gate of school or college. Whenever students want to enter in the school/college, he/she
must show the RFID card to the reader, student has to take the RFID card near to the
RFID reader. RFID Reader will mark the attendance by fetching the RFID card number
and swiped in time.

39
Output:

40
REFERENCES:

[1] Ula, Mutammimul, et al. "A New Model of The Student Attendance Monitoring
System Using RFID Technology." Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Vol.
1807. No. 1. IOP Publishing, 2021.
[2] Nivetha, R., et al. "Student Attendance System Using RFID." International
Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management 3.10 (2020): 16-
19.
[3] Al Hajri, Eid, Farrukh Hafeez, and Ameer Azhar NV. "Fully Automated
Classroom Attendance System." Int. J. Interact. Mob. Technol. 13.8 (2019): 95-
106.
[4] Kariapper, R. K. A. R., and Suhail Razeeth. "RFID Based (IoT) Automatic
Attendance System: A Survey Analysis." Available at SSRN 3372734 (2019).
[5] Rjeib, Hasanein D., et al. "Attendance and information systemusing RFID and web-
based application for academic sector." International Journalof Advanced Computer
Science and Applications 9.1
(2018).

41
42