114 New 10 Plus 3D Trigonometry Practice Qs

V A good diagram will show:

(a) edge dimensions,
(b) useful right-angles, in particular
L VOD and LBCD where BD is
the diagonal of the square base,
(c) the angle 0 to be found.
C

The two useful right-angled triangles are:

t
!:,BCD, to find BD and then OD= x BD, and
t:, VOD, to find the required angle, 0.

In t:,BCD, In/:, VOD, a sine triangle

by Pythagoras' rule, sin 0 = opp.
t,lO'\' CL8'R hyp.
BD = y8 2 + 82 S ·bSb'B':>"'2.
= y'l28 t.l\ '<OUR = 5·6568542
13
BD = 11·314
= 0·4351426
So OD= -}BD 0 = 25°48'
= 5·657 cm

The angle D VO , at the apex of the pyramid is 25° 48'.

Exercise 4.8
1. The diagram shows a cube of edge 11 cm A B
and an internal brace EC EG is the
diagonal of the horizontal base.
(a) Sketch t:,EHG showing any known I _ _Qt::::~~,
- - - ~F
C
measurements and the position of
the right-angle.
(b) Calculate EG.
- ___
'' ,
'
H

(c) Sketch the vertical !:,ECG showing any known measurements and the position of the
right angle.
(d) Calculate LECG.
(e) Name another angle the same size as LECG.
 Trigonometry 118

2. From the rectangular prism:

(a) draw and label a horizontal triangle that
includes the line AB,
(b) calculate the lengthAB,
(c) calculate h, the height of the prism to the
nearest centimetre.

3. An open beach umbrella forms an apex angle

of 135°.
Calculate the diameter of the base circle formed

--., ~, i ~ by the umbrella.

__ ,,. ..· .
84,, "' ·,,--:,···
,,,,0;="

4. A right cone has a radius of 6·3 mm and a height

B of 12·4 mm.
Calculate:
(a) L VBA, the angle the sloping edge of the
cone makes with the base,
(b) the apex angle, LA VB,
( c) the length of VB.

V
5. A short straw, 11 ·5 cm long, has fallen inside
a can of soft drink with radius 3·2 cm and •
height 12·3 cm.
(a) What angle does the straw make with the
base of the can?
(b) How far below the top of the can does
the straw lie correct to the nearest ------
millimetre? -----•-----

6. The can of soft drink in Question 5 has its opening l ·5 cm from the outside edge of the
can and is now being drunk by a conventional straw 19 cm long.
(a) Draw a neat 2-dimensional diagram of the can with the straw inserted.
(b) How much of the straw can be Inserted into the can without bending the straw?
(c) For the straw in the position needed for part (b) what angle does the straw make with
the vertical?
7. A 12km D The diagram shows a section, in the shape of
a wedge, of a gently sloping hill of gradient 1
In 16.
ED and EA are straight roads on the hill. Points
A and D are both 1 km above the horizontal
base and 12 km apart.

F
116 New 10 Plus

(a) Calculate BE.

(b) The road ED is on the line of greatest slope.
Calculate the angle made by this road and the horizontal base.
(c) Verify that the road EA is not as steep as the road ED by calculating LAEB.
(d) How much longer is the road EA than the road ED to the nearest metre?
8. The mast needed to support the propellor of a 'wind
generator' is in the shape of a right square based
pyramid with base edge 3·5 m and height 22 m.
If O is the centre of the square base, find:
(a) AO,
(b) AV,
(c) L VAO, the angle made by the edge VA and
the horizontal base.

Now carefully draw and label the isosceles triangle

VAB.
(d) Calculate L VAB.
9. A flagpole snaps l ·25 m from its base and
comes to rest in the corner of two walls as
shown.
Use the dotted lines to help you find the
- 1'\~~==~=~==:=~=~====
'
original height of the flagpole to the nearest .
centimetre.

--- 7" .,,. I

.,,. .,,. I
27° 10'

10. A hang-glider, H, is observed by three ~~

I ''
spectators A, B, C on the ground. / ' ... ,
I ',
The hang-glider is vertically above A and / N ',
I '
appears from B at an angle of elevation I ....
of 50°36'. ' ....
Spectator C is 250 m due south of A
I
and spectator B is due east of A and at I
a bearing of N 34° 45'E from C. I
C

(a) Redraw the diagram and show all the given information on it.
(b) What is the distance between spectators A and B?
(c) What is the height of the hang-glider above A?
(d) Calculate the angle of elevation of the hang-glider from spectator C
124 New 10 Plus Trigonometry Mixed Practice Qs
Many trigonometric expressions can sometimes be simplified by factorising the expression using
the difference of two squares formula, that is,
(a - b)(a+b)
OR even
= (a2)2 - (b2)2
= (a2 - b2)(a2 +b2)
l)\DN'1 = (a - b)(a + b)(a2 + b 2 )
LISE T\-\P--1
+\NI'-~ I\\..~
ffERENC.~

. 20 - cos2 0
Simplify sm
Example:
sin 0 - cos 0
I
sin 2 0 - cos2 0 (sin 0 cos e+(sin 0 + cos 0)
sin 0 - cos 0 sine cos e
I
= sin 0 + cos 0

Exercise 4.13
Simplify:
2
cos=-=-
1. ~ sin 2 a
a - =-=-
sin a+ cos a
2 sin2 0 + cos 20 S. sin4 0 - cos4 0
sin 0 + cos 0

G)
' sin 0 - cos 0
4 4
6 _ cos2 x - sin 2 x
cos x - sin x

Mixed problems
Exercise 4.14
Find the value of the pronumeral:
1. 2. A

p
0

B
 Trigonometry 12B

3. A 4.

T
B'----~0~~31cm

f--8•5cm---J

5. The sloping ceiling of an attic makes an angle of 52° with the floor of the attic. A bedhead
1 metre high is pushed back so that its top edge just touches the ceiling.
(a) Draw a neat sketch of the problem.
(b) How far from the edge of the floor is the bedhead?
6. A road makes an angle of 4° 40' with the horizontal. If I drive 2·5 km along this road, how
much higher will I be in relation to my starting point to the nearest metre?

7. The base of a crane sits 2·5 m above the ground. If

the crane has a length of 18 m and can work to a
maximum of 10° to the vertical, what is the greatest
height the crane can lift an object from the ground?

8. A cruise boat leaves the marina and travels 6-5 km east followed by 11 km north.
(a) What is the bearing of the cruise boat from the marina?
(b) What is the bearing of the marina from the cruise boat?
9. This ramp was installed at the local cinema
complex to assist disabled people in wheel-
chairs. What angle does the ramp make with
the horizontal?

10. y A tight rope wire is stretched between the tops

of two buildings. X is 14·9 m high, Yis 16·7 m
D high and the angle of depression from Y to X
X is 9°42'.
0
D D
(a) What is the horizontal distance between the
two buildings to the nearest centimetre?
D (b) How long is the tight rope to the nearest
centimetre?
126 New 10 Plus

11. STUVWXYZ is a cube of edge 11 cm and M

is the midpoint of ST and A is the midpoint
of WX.
(a) Using ll.AXY, find the length of A Y.
(b) Using £,MAY, calculate MY.
(c) What type of triangle of l,ZMY?
(d) Calculate the height of t,ZMY.
(e) What angle does the t,ZMY make with the
horizontal base WXYZ.
y
(f) Calculate LZMY.

12. A rectangular piece of card is folded so

that the angle between the two planes is
90°. Using the dimensions shown what
is the angle between CF and the plane
EDF?
14cm

13. Copy and complete:

¾
(a) Given sin ex° = find a value for cos
0
Ol. • (Assume 01. is acute.)
Using sin 2 o: + cos 2 o: = 1
2
=> ( .• .)2 +cos 0I. = I
2
=> cos 0I. = 1-(.. .)2

=> =
COSOI. r..
=
(b) From (a) find a value for tan 0/..
sino:= ... coso:= ... , from (a)
Since tan o: = sin o:
CQS 0: l

tano: = - -

=
14. Given cos 0° = g, find a value for sin 0° and tan 0°.
15. Change½ + tan A into an expression involving only sin A and cos A.
. 2
16. Simplify I - sm Cl.
cos2 o:
17. (a) Copy and complete:
sin2 0+cos 2 0 = I
=> sin2 8 = , ..
=> sin2 0 = (... ) (... ), a difference of two squares.
sin 2 ~ _
(b) Prove ~ -1- cos~.
1 + cos
 Answers 503

Chapter 4 Trigonometry
Exercise 4.1
1.(a) 0·259 (b) 0·710 (c) 0·956 (d) 0-013 (e) 0-5 (I) 0-999 (g) I (h) 0-453 (i) 0·185 (j) I (k) 0·005
(I) I0-048 2.(a) 5·301 m (b) 75,964cm (c) 0·311 m (d) 135,303cm (e) 5-933mm (I) 0-785m 3. 4-66m
4. I0-235 mm 5. 126•792 m 6. 7-767 km 7. 23·22 m 8.(a) 37.588 m (b) 119-215 m
Exercise 4.2
!.(a) 70·11 cm (b) 27-575m (c) l-l5m (d) 35.797 mm (e) Sm (I) l-178m (g) 23,748cm (h) 55cm
(i) 2-98cm (j) 12·016m 2.(a) 9·019km (b) 21,526km 3. 8-304cm 4. l10·96m 5. 125-Sm 6. 3-956km
7. 3 m 8.(a) 0-2 m (b) Im (c) 1-35 m
Exercise 4.3
l.(a) 38°41' (b) 30°39' (c) 49°18' (d) 72°33' (e) 35°59' (I) 40°19' 2.(a) 30° (b) 60° (c) 45° (d) 68°15'
(e) 60° (I) 30° (g) 45° (h) 48°47' (i) 30° (j) 60° (k) 45° (I) 85°44' 3. 70°51' 4. 138°9' 5.(a) 36°52',
53°8' (b) 22°37',67°23' 6. 52°52' 7. 71°34' 8. 57°43' 9. 43°38'
Exercise 4.4
1. 6·5 cm 2. 74°29' 3. 71°22' 4. 35°13' 5.(a) 3°49' (b) 0·1 km 6. l013·93 km 7.(a) 2·35 m (b) 2.5 m
8. 88·613 m 9.(a) 66 km (b) 246-311 km (c) N65°14'W (d) 588-069 km 10.(a) 156-785 m (b) 3 km/h
11. 36°47' 12.(a) I0-58cm (b) 17·119cm
Exercise 4.5
l.(a) /1"' (b) 15·556 cm (c) /"'le (d) 54°44' (e) LGAE 2.(a) A 1s,2..,, p

L_dllcM ~I/cm ~q;.,,

£. IS•sSben, G e,
E. IIC.W\ 1-t

6.(a) E]·S
(b) 18-031 m (c) 5-31 m 3.
(b)
(b)
2·125m 4.(a) 63°4' (b) 53°52' (c) 13,909mm 5.(a) 56°11' (b) 2-7cm
13-24 cm (c) 21 °43' 7.(a) 20 km (b) 3°35' (c) 2°52'' (d) 3994 m 8.(a) 2.475 m
22-139 m (c) 83°35' (d) 85°28' 9. 7-66 m 10.(a) H
12•:I (b) 173·431 m (c) 211-138m (d) 40°11' ,

b·'r I '-,,,, 5/f 31,'

I/ '
/.,o
/'>:
I
C

Exercise 4.6
1.(b) 60° (c) D. ABD is equilateral, D. BCD is isosceles (d) all equal (e) 2 units (f) ff units
(g) e 30° 60° 2.(a) I unit (b) ff units (c) e 45°

sin 0
2
I {3
-
2
3.(a) f (b) ~ sin 0
I
Tz
{3 I I
cos 0 cos0
2 2 Tz
I {3 tan 0 I
tan 0
✓
3
804 New 10 Plus

Exercise 4. 7
!.(a) 0-423 0-906 0-466 0-466

(b) 0·999 0-052 19-081 19-081

(c) 0-590 0-807 0·731 0-731

(d) 1 ✓
3 1 I
2 2 T3 ✓
3

(e) I I
I 1
Tz Tz
(I) ✓
3 1 ✓
3 ✓
3
2 2

Exercise 4. 8
!.(a) 3sin33' (b) ¾ (c) 2
2tan61° (d) 2sin2 5° 2.(a) 2cos2 0 (b) 7tan0 (c) 10tan 0 (d) 1 (e) 2sin30
(I) 3cos2 0 (g) 5tan0-tan 2 0 (h) 2sin20<-sin0< 3.(a) 1-809 (b) 0·772 (c) 0-182 (d) 0-427 (e) 0·6
(I) 1·887 (g) 2-315
Exercise 4. 9
I. 3 tan 0 2. 0 3. --1...,,
cos,.,
4. corn 5. 1 6. sin2 'I' 7. I 8. tan 2 c, 9. tan2 0 10. tan 2.8

Exercise 4. 10
2.(a) sin2 0= 1-cos2 0 (b) cos2 0= l-sin 2 0
Exercise 4. 1 1
1. I 2. 1 3. sin0 4. cos/3 5. 1 6. 1-2sinAcosA 7. 1+2sin~COSII' 8. 2
Exercise 4.13
1
1. coso:-sino: 2. . 3. sin2 A-cos 2 A 4. cos2 e<-sin2 e< 5, sin0-cos0 6. 1
sm 0 - cos 0
Exercise 4. 14
I. 0-835 m 2. 9-099 m 3. 72°47' 4. 60•071 mm 5.(a) (b) 0·781 m

6. 0-203 km 7. 20-227 m 8.(a) N 30°35'E (b) S 30°35'W

9. 4°46' 10.(a) 10·53 m (b) 10-68 m 11.(a) 12-298 cm
(b) 16·5 cm (c) isosceles (d) 15·556 cm (e) 45°
(I) 38°57' 12. 47°7' 13.(a) cos' c, = ~ => cosc, = %
.3 5 5 cosA+2sinA
(b) tan0<= 14. sm0 0 = ,tan0 0 =
4 13 12 15. 2 cosA
16. 1 17.(a) sin' 0=(1-cos0)(1 +cos0) 18. B 19. E 20. C 21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B
Test yourself 4
!.(a) 8-886m (b) 0·998cm (c) 47°48' 2. 38m 3.(a) 28,85cm (b) 27-157cm (c) 27°59' 4.(a) 0-922
(b) 0-995 (c) 8-534
5. 0' 30° 45' 60' 6.(a) sinx x sinx (b) 0-25 7. tan 0
8. cos x (I - sin2 x) = cos x (cos 2 x) = cos 3 x.
0·5 -./2 ✓
3
sin 0
2 2
✓
3 -./2
cos 0 0·5
2 2
✓
3
tan 0 ✓
3
3