TRIGONOMETRY

1 North

300

A
NOT TO
SCALE

280

The diagram shows the positions of three towns, A, B and C.

B is on a bearing of 072° from A.
C is on a bearing of 150° from A.
AB = 300 km and AC = 280 km.

(a) Find the bearing of A from C. [1]

(b) Calculate BC [4]

(c) Town D is 145 km from town B.

Angle ADB is 120°.

Find the two possible bearings of D from A.

You may add lines to this sketch to help you.

North
NOT TO
SCALE
B

300

A [5]
2 P

NOT TO
20 SCALE

R 11 Q

PQ is a vertical pole.
A rope is attached from the top of the pole, P, to a point on the ground, R.
PR = 20 m, RQ = 11 m and RQ t P = 90°.

(a) Show that PQ = 16.70 m, correct to 2 decimal places. [2]

(b) P

20

Q
11
R 30 S

A second rope is attached from P to a point S.

PQt S = 90° and RS = 30 m.
The angle of elevation of P from S is 36°.
tS.
Calculate RQ [5]

(c) P

40°
16.70 NOT TO
SCALE

97°
Q

A third rope is attached from P to a point T.

TPt Q = 40° and PQ t T = 97°.

Calculate PT. [4]

3 (a) Q
North
NOT TO
11.5 SCALE

14.6
P

17.2

The diagram shows the positions of three towns, P, Q and R.

Q is on a bearing of 052° from P.
PQ = 11.5 km, QR = 14.6 km and PR = 17.2 km.

Calculate the bearing of R from Q. [4]

(b) A is a point on horizontal ground.

The angle of elevation of the top of a vertical mast from A is 68°, correct to the nearest degree.
The distance of the base of the mast from A is 45 m, correct to the nearest metre.

Calculate the lower bound of the height of the mast. [3]

4 C

107
NOT TO
B SCALE
165

95

A 160 D

ABCD is the floor plan of an exhibition hall with dimensions shown in metres.
Points A, B, C and D all lie on the same horizontal plane.

(a) Calculate angle BCD. [4]

(b) A light is attached to the ceiling vertically above B.

The angle of elevation of the light from C is 8.2°.

Calculate the angle of elevation of the light from A. [4]

 5 Q R

X
8
P S
U V

10

T 15 W

The diagram shows a cuboid.

TW = 15 cm, WV = 10 cm and RV = 8 cm.

(i) Show that TR = 19.7 cm, correct to 1 decimal place. [3]

(ii) X is the midpoint of PQ.

Calculate TRt X . [5]

6 (a) P

a+4 NOT TO
SCALE
a

Q
60°
11
R

The diagram shows a sketch of triangle PQR.

All lengths are given in centimetres.

Calculate the length a. [4]

(b) The diagram shows a sketch of quadrilateral ABCD.

All lengths are given in centimetres.

NOT TO
9 SCALE
8

D 10 C

The area of quadrilateral ABCD is 70 cm2.

Calculate DAt B. [6]

7 (a) North

NOT TO
3.8 P 140° SCALE
R

7.5

The diagram shows the positions of three villages, P, Q and R.

R is due west of P and Q is on a bearing of 140° from P.
PR = 3.8 km and QR = 7.5 km.

(i) Calculate angle PRQ. [4]

(ii) Work out the bearing of R from Q. [2]

(b) The distance by road from village P to village T is 16.5 km.

Kwesi leaves village P at 10 30 and drives to village T at an average speed of 45 km/h.

He stops in village T for 15 minutes.
He then drives back to village P and arrives there at 11 35.

Calculate Kwesi’s average speed, in km/h, for the journey back from village T to village P. [4]

8 A

NOT TO
SCALE

35°
C B

The diagram shows a different right-angled triangle.

The length of the hypotenuse is 12 cm.

Calculate the shortest distance from A to BC. [4]

9 B
North
NOT TO
SCALE

350
A

290

D C

ABCD is a field on horizontal ground.

The bearing of B from A is 070°.

The bearing of D from A is 125°.
C is due south of B and due east of D.
AD = 290 m and BD = 350 m.

(a) Calculate the bearing of D from B. [4]

(b) A vertical mast is positioned at D.

The angle of elevation of the top of the mast from A is 10°.

Calculate the angle of elevation of the top of the mast from C. [5]

10 B
750
A
NOT TO
SCALE
800 600

D
C

ABCD is a field with AB = 750 m and BC = 600 m.

Inside the field is a straight path, AC, of length 800 m and DAtC = 90°.

(a) Show that ACtB = 62.9°, correct to 1 decimal place. [3]

(b) The area of the field is 375 000 m2.

Calculate AD. [4]

(c) Calculate ACtD. [2]

 (d) X is a point on DC and AX = 500 m.

NOT TO
800 SCALE
500

D
X C

Calculate the obtuse angle AXtC . [4]

11 A light, L, is fixed on a building 8 m above the base, B, of the building.

(a)

L NOT TO
SCALE
Building
8

P 12 B

A point, P, is on the horizontal ground 12 m from B.

Calculate the angle of elevation of L from P. [2]

(b)

L NOT TO
SCALE
Building
8

70°
Q B
A ladder is placed on the ground at Q to reach the light, L.
The ladder makes an angle of 70° with the ground.

Calculate QL. [2]

 (c)

L NOT TO
SCALE
Building
8
R

1.6

T S B
6.5

A vertical pole, RS, of length 1.6 m is placed touching the horizontal ground.
The light produces a shadow, TS, of the pole on the horizontal ground.
LRT is a straight line and TB = 6.5 m.

Calculate TS. [2]

 D

63° NOT TO
3.8
SCALE
C
6.4

5.3 B

9.7

The diagram shows two triangles.

AB = 9.7 cm, BC = 6.4 cm, CD = 3.8 cm and AC = 5.3 cm.
ADt C = 63°.

(i) Calculate DAtC . [3]

tC.
(ii) Calculate AB [3]
13 Calculate the angle of elevation of D from F.

D
G

2.25 E
C

1.85 F
A
2.10
1.55
B [4]

14 A

79°

NOT TO
SCALE
6.4

9.5
C

In triangle ABC, AC = 6.4 cm, BC = 9.5 cm and BAtC = 79°.

tC .
(a) (i) Calculate AB [3]

(ii) Calculate the area of triangle ABC. [3]

(b) D

9.8
8.2

A
79° 6.4

B
9.5 C

The same triangle ABC forms the horizontal base of a pyramid ABCD.
BD = 9.8 cm and CD = 8.2 cm.
t = CAD
BAD t = 90°.
t C.
(i) Calculate BD [3]

(ii) Calculate the angle of elevation of D from C. [2]

 MARK SCHEME

1(a) 330o 1

1(b) 365 or 365.3… ˆ   78

4 B1 for  BAC
 
M2 for
3002  2802  2  300  280costheir78
or B2 for 133000 or 133400 to 133500
or M1 for 3002+2802–2×300×280costheir78

1(c) [0]47.3 or [0]47.25 to [0]47.26 5 B for [0]47 and [0]97 nfww or

and [0]47.3 or [0]47.25 to [0]47.26 or
[0]96.7 or [0]96.74 to [0]96.75 [0]96.7 or [0]96.74 to [0]96.75

ˆ   24.7 or 24.74 to 24.75

or B3 for  DAB
 
145sin120
or M2 for sin A 
300
145 300
or M1 for 
sin A sin120

After 0 scored SC1 for

sketch with 120 and 145 in correct place or
72 + their DAB or 72 – their DAB

2(a) 202 – 112 or 202 112 or M1

PQ2 + 112 = 202  PQ2 = 279

16.703… A1

2(b) 119.6 to 119.8 5 16.70

M2 for [QS =] oe
tan 36
16.70
or M1 for tan 36 = oe
QS
AND
112  (their23)2  302
M2 for cos[…] = oe
2  11  their 23
or M1 for
302 = 112+(their23)2–2×11×their23×cos[…]
oe

2(c) 24.3[0…] 4
B1 for [ PTˆQ =] 43o
16.7[0]sin 97
M2 for oe
sin(their43)
sin 97 sin(their 43)
or M1 for  oe
PT 16.7[0]
3(a) 150.5 or 150.48 to 150.49 4 B3 for [PQR = ] 81.5[1…]
OR
11.52 +14.62 − 17.22
M2 for oe
2  11.5  14.6
or M1 for
17.22 =11.52 +14.62 − 211.514.6cos   oe
M1 for 180 + 52 – their PQR oe

3(b) 107.4… 3 B1 for 67.5 and 44.5 seen

h
M1 for tan (their 67.5) = oe
their 44.5

4(a) 83.4 or 83.36 to 83.43 4 M1 for 1602 + 952 oe

107 2 +1652 − their 34625

M2 for [cos =]
2  107  165
oe

or M1 for
( their34625) =
1072 +1652 − 2107165 cos 
oe

4(b) 9.2[2] or 9.218 to 9.219… nfww 4

107
M2 for 107 tan 8.2 or or
tan81.8
107sin 8.2
oe
sin 81.8

height
or M1 for tan8.2 = or
107
107
tan 81.8 = or
height
sin 8.2 sin 81.8
= oe
height 107

theirheight
M1 for tan [ ] = oe
95

5(i) 82 + 102 + 152 oe M2 M1 for any correct 2D Pythag pair

e.g. 82 + 102

19.72… A1
 5(ii) 28.[0] to 28.2 5 M1 for 82 + 2
( 102 )
2
M1 for 152 + ( 102 )
19.7 2 + RX 2 − TX 2
M2 for cos…=
2 ×19.7 × RX
or M1 for
TX2 = 19.72 + RX2 – 2 × 19.7 × RX cos…

6(a) 5 10
19
or 5.53 or 5.526… nfww 4 M1 for (a + 4) 2 = a 2 +112 − 2 × a × 11cos 60 oe
B1 for a2 + 4a + 4a + 16 oe
M1 for correct isolation of their terms in a to form a
linear equation with use of cos 60 = 0.5
After 0 scored, SC1 for a + 4 = a2 + 121 – 11a oe

6(b) 107.8 or 107.78 to 107.79… 6  10 

M2 for tan −1   oe
8
10
or M1 for tan … = oe
8
1
B1 for × 10 × 8 soi
2
1
M2 for × 8 × 9sin x = 70 − their40 oe
2
1
or M1 for × 8 × 9sin x
2

7(a)(i) 27.1 to 27.2 4 B1 for ∠RPQ = 130° soi

3.8sin ( their130 )
M2 for sin [ ] = oe
7.5

7.5 3.8
or M1 for = oe
sin ( their130 ) sin [ ]

7(a)(ii) 297.1 to 297.2 2 FT 270 + their 27.2, where 0 ⩽ their 27.2 ⩽

90
or for 320 – their ∠PQR where 0 ⩽ their
∠PQR ⩽ 90

M1 for 180 + 90 + their 27.2 oe

or for 360 – (40 + 180 – 130 – their 27.2)
or for 360 – 40 – their ∠PQR

7(b) 35.3 to 35.4 4 16.5

M1 for
45
M1 for [time =] 65 – 15 – their 22 oe

16.5
M1 for [×60]
their 28
8 5.63 to 5.64 nfww 4 M1 for correct method to find AB or AC
[ AC ] oe or cos 90 − 35 = [ AB] oe
cos35 = ( )
12 12

M2 for [ ] = their AC × sin 35 oe

or [ ] = their AB × sin(90 − 35) oe
1
× 12 × their AC × sin 35
or [ ] = 2 oe
1
× 12
2
1
×12 × their AB × sin(90 − 35)
or [ ]= 2 1
oe
× 12
2

or M1 for sin 35 =
[] oe
their AC

or sin ( 90 − 35 ) =
[]
oe
their AB
1 1
or for × d × 12 = × 12 × theirAC × sin 35 oe
2 2
or
1 1
× d × 12 = × 12 × theirAB × sin(90 − 35) oe
2 2

9(a) 207.2 to 207.3 nfww 4 B1 for ∠BAD = 55 soi nfww

290sin ( their 55 )
M2 for sin [ ]=
350
350 290
or M1 for = oe
sin ( their 55 ) sin [ ]

9(b) 17.6 to 17.8… nfww 5 M1 for CD = 350 sin (70 – their 42.7) oe or
350 sin (their (a) – 180) oe

AND

290 tan10
M3 for tan =
their CD
or M2 for [height of mast =] 290 tan 10

or M1 for tan10 =
[...]
290
 10(a) 6002 + 8002 − 7502 M2 M1 for 7502 = 6002 + 8002 –
[cos] = 2 × 600 × 800 × cosC
2 × 600 × 800

62.88 to 62.89 A1

10(b) 403 or 403.3 to 403.5 4 1

375000 − × 800 × 600 × sin 62.9
M3 for 2
1
× 800
2
oe
or B2 for 214 000 or 213 600 to 213 700
1
or M1 for × 800 × 600 × sin 62.9 or
2
1
× 800 × AD = 375000 − their 214000 oe
2

10(c) 26.7 or 26.8 or 26.73 to 26.76 2 their (b)

M1 for tan C =
800

10(d) 133.8 to 134.0… 4 B3 for answer 45.96… to 46.17…

800sin their(c)
or M2 for or
500
500sin (90 − their (c))
their 403
800 500
or M1 for = or
sin X sin their(c)
their 403 500
=
sin X sin(90 − their(c))

11(a) 33.7 or 33.69… 2 8

M1 for tan = oe
12

11(b) 8.51 or 8.513… 2 8

M1 for sin 70 = oe
QL

11(c) 1.3 2 1.6 8

M1 for = oe
TS 6.5

12(i) 39.7 or 39.70... 3 3.8× sin 63

M2 for [sin =]
5.3
3.8 5.3
or M1 for = oe
sin [...] sin 63

12(ii) 30.5 or 30.51 to 30.52 3 6.42 + 9.7 2 − 5.32

M2 for [ cos = ]
2 × 6.4 × 9.7
or M1 for
5.32 = 6.4 2 + 9.7 2 − 2 × 6.4 × 9.7 × cos [...]
13 40.8 or 40.76… 4 M2 for [AF = ] 1.552 + 2.12 oe
or M1 for [AF² = ] 1.552 + 2.12 oe

AND
2.25
M1 for tan [ ]= oe soi
theirAF

14(a)(i) 41.4[0] or 41.39... 3 6.4 × sin 79

M2 for [sin = ]
9.5
6.4 9.5
or M1 for = oe
sin [...] sin 79

14(a)(ii) 26.2[2...] 3 Dep on 3 marks in (a)(i) or 41.4[0] used


M1FT for C =  180 – 79 – their 41.4
1 
M1 for × 6.4 × 9.5 × sin(theirC) oe
2

14(b)(i) 63[.0] or 62.97... 3 9.82 + 8.22 − 9.52

M2 for [ cos = ]
2 × 9.8 × 8.2
or M1 for
9.52 = 9.82 + 8.2 2 − 2 × 9.8 × 8.2 × cos [...]

14(b)(ii) 38.7 or 38.69... 2 6.4

M1 for cos[...] =
8.2