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Module 5

The document outlines various instrumentation techniques used in questioned document examination, including high-resolution cameras, microscopes, and specialized tools like the Video Spectral Comparator (VSC) and Electrostatic Detection Apparatus (ESDA). It emphasizes the importance of magnification, lighting, and specific methodologies for analyzing handwriting and ink characteristics. Additionally, it discusses non-destructive methods for revealing alterations and verifying document authenticity through chemical analysis and light manipulation.

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9 views12 pages

Module 5

The document outlines various instrumentation techniques used in questioned document examination, including high-resolution cameras, microscopes, and specialized tools like the Video Spectral Comparator (VSC) and Electrostatic Detection Apparatus (ESDA). It emphasizes the importance of magnification, lighting, and specific methodologies for analyzing handwriting and ink characteristics. Additionally, it discusses non-destructive methods for revealing alterations and verifying document authenticity through chemical analysis and light manipulation.

Uploaded by

rupkathachaudhuri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Amity Institute of Forensic

Science
Lecture 2

Amity Institute of Forensic Science


M.Sc. – FS
ADVANCED QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS EXAMINATION [FSIC714]
Dr. Shipra Rohatgi
Amity Institute of Forensic
Science

MODULE – 5
(Instrumentation in Questioned Documents)
Amity Institute of Forensic
Science
Camera and Magnifying Glasses
 Resolution: High resolution is crucial to capture fine
details like ink strokes, pressure marks, and any
subtle differences in handwriting
 Magnification Power: A sufficient level of
magnification (e.g., 10x or higher) is required for
observing minute features like paper texture or ink
inconsistencies. A sufficient level of magnification
(e.g., 10x or higher) is required for observing minute
features like paper texture or ink inconsistencies..
 Lighting: Proper lighting (e.g., diffused or
directional light) to enhance visibility and reveal
hidden details or surface irregularities.
Amity Institute of Forensic
Science
Compound Microscope and Stereo Microscope
 Magnification Range: Compound microscopes offer high
magnification (e.g., 100x, 400x) to identify micro-details such
as ink composition, paper fibers, and erasures. Stereo
microscopes, with lower magnification (e.g., 10x-50x),
provide 3D viewing to detect raised ink or embossing.
 Magnification Range: Compound microscopes offer high
magnification (e.g., 100x, 400x) to identify micro-details such
as ink composition, paper fibers, and erasures. Stereo
microscopes, with lower magnification (e.g., 10x-50x),
provide 3D viewing to detect raised ink or embossing.
 Focus Control: Precise focus to distinguish minute features
like paper texture and ink characteristics.
Amity Institute of Forensic
Science
Illuminated Torch and Video Spectral
Comparator
 Primarily used to reveal obliterated and chemically erased
writings. It employs light of various wavelengths, including
IR, UV, and visible blue light.
 The system includes instant video printing of deciphered
writings and is non-destructive.
 VSC Models : VSC-1, VSC-2000, VSC-5000, VSC-8000
 VSC-8000: The VSC®8000/HS integrates advanced digital
imaging and multiwavelength LED technology, along with a
user-friendly software interface, to offer a comprehensive
solution for examining various types of questioned
documents.
Amity Institute of Forensic
Science
Docu-Center and Color Filters
 Multi-Functionality: The ability to detect various types of
alterations such as erasures, forged signatures, and
tampering with documents.
 Color Filters: Ability to use different colored filters (e.g.,
red, green, blue) to enhance visibility of specific features
or ink types under varying light conditions.
 Digital Analysis Capability: Advanced models may offer
digital enhancement to highlight specific features on a
document.
Amity Institute of Forensic
Science
Osborn’s Scale and Geometrical
Requirements
 Precision: The ability to accurately measure and compare
letter slants, sizes, and spacing in handwriting for
consistency.
 Document Consistency: Helps assess the consistency of
handwriting features such as slant, size, and alignment,
which are key for identifying forged or inconsistent
handwriting.
 Clear Guidelines: Provides a standardized method for
measuring and documenting handwriting characteristics,
aiding forensic investigations.
Amity Institute of Forensic
Science
Projectina
 Magnification Power: Typically offers high
magnification to detect hidden features like erasures,
alterations, or paper impressions.

 Light Manipulation: Adjustable light settings make it


easier to spot discrepancies, raised ink, and erasures
that are not visible under normal conditions.

 Document Enhancement: Provides real-time image


processing for better visualization of document
characteristics like ink layering.
Amity Institute of Forensic
Science
ESDA (Electrostatic Detection Apparatus)
and Transmitted Light Apparatus
 Sensitivity: ESDA has high sensitivity to detect faint
impressions or indentations left on paper.
 Indentation Detection (ESDA): Identifies impressions left
on paper from previous writing, which can reveal additional
information about the document’s history or alterations.
 Illumination for Hidden Features (Transmitted Light):
Reveals watermarks, hidden writing, or altered ink that
might not be visible under normal light
 Non-destructive Analysis: Both tools allow examination of
documents without causing any damage to the original
paper.
Amity Institute of Forensic
Science

Oblique Light, UV, and IR Radiations


 Light Angle: Oblique light applied at various angles to reveal
pressure marks, raised ink, and subtle document features
 UV Radiation: Useful for identifying invisible ink, faded
writing, or tampered signatures, often revealing alterations
that would be missed under standard lighting.
 IR Radiation: Detects different ink types and layers,
revealing hidden text or modifications in the document’s
composition
Amity Institute of Forensic
Science

TLC and Paper Chromatography


 Ink Composition Analysis (TLC): Separates ink
components to compare different ink samples, helping
verify the authenticity of a document or detect ink
substitutions.
 Chemical Analysis (Paper Chromatography):
Separates ink components and helps identify ink types
used in documents, revealing discrepancies in the ink
composition.
 Non-Destructive: Both techniques are non-destructive,
preserving the integrity of the document while identifying
key ink characteristics
Amity Institute of Forensic
Science

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