CPCCWHS2001

Apply WHS requirements, policies and

procedures in the construction industry
Identify and assess risks
Hazards and safety risks in the work area are identified,
assessed and reported to designated personnel
• To be aware of potential dangers at work we must be able to
identify workplace hazards.
• We come into contact with these hazards every day.
Common site hazards

• Chemical spills
• Electrical safety work in confined spaces
• Excavations, including trenches
• Falling objects
• Fires
• Gases
• Hazardous materials
• High or very low temperatures
• HIV and other infectious diseases
• Liquids under pressure
Common site hazards

• Manual handling
• Moving machinery and equipment
• Noise, dust and vapours
• Overhanging beams
• Protrusions
• Sharp equipment
• Traffic
• Ultraviolet (UV) radiation
• Unplanned collapse
• Working at heights
Hazards

• A hazard is something with the potential to cause harm.

• This can include hazards such as chemicals, infectious diseases,
plant, manual tasks and noise.
• This step involves identifying all the possible situations or
events which could harm people in the workplace.
• Activities, which may help in the hazard identification process,
include workplace inspections, checklists, records of past
accidents or near misses, information from manufacturers,
employee consultation and Australian Standards.
Risks

• Risk is the likelihood that harm might result because of the

hazard.
• In assessing risk, you should consider the likelihood of an
incident occurring at the workplace and the consequences of an
incident occurring.
• The more likely it is that an incident will occur and /or the more
serious the consequences, the more urgent it is that the risk be
controlled.
• The outcome of this step is a prioritised list of risks requiring
further action
Hazards and risks

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n_IPD1ZMXpA
Safe work practices, duty of care requirements and safe
work instructions are followed for controlling risks
• Codes of practice are used in conjunction with the OHS/WHS
Act and regulations.
• Safe work practices ensure that the control measure can
operate effectively by developing appropriate work procedures.
• Communicate with, and supervise employees to ensure the
control measures are used correctly.
Safe work practices, duty of care requirements and safe
work instructions are followed for controlling risks
• Maintain the control measures to ensure ongoing effectiveness
• The last step involves checking that the control measures have
been implemented.
• Ensuring that they have eliminated or reduced the risks and
that they haven't created any new hazards.
Safe work practices

• Day to day observation of OHS policies and procedures

• emergency procedures
• risk assessment
• use of basic firefighting equipment
Safe work practices

• Access to site amenities, such as drinking water and toilets

• General requirements for safe use of plant and equipment
• General requirements for use of personal protective equipment
and clothing
• Housekeeping to ensure a clean, tidy and safer work area
• No drugs and alcohol at work
• Preventing bullying and harassment
• Smoking in designated areas
• Storage and removal of debris
OHS, hazard, accident and incident reports

• Any OHS, hazard, accident or incident reports when filled out

and/or lodged need to be written up and filled out with all the
relevant information as per the workplace procedures.
• They also need to be within the Australian Government
legislations and relevant to your states particular laws.
OHS, hazard, accident and incident reports

• The model Work Health and Safety (WHS) Act sets out certain
types of workplace incidents that need to be notified to
regulators.
• Only the most serious safety incidents are intended to be
notifiable and they trigger requirements to preserve the incident
site pending further direction from the regulator.
Incident, near miss and hazard definition

• An incident is the general name for accidents (that may or

may not result in injury), near misses and hazards.
• A near miss is a dangerous incident that could have led to
serious injury or significant damage.
• A hazard is anything with the potential to cause damage to
people, the environment, property, plant or equipment.
Monitoring OHS Incidents

• Monitoring OHS incidents includes monitoring the level of

incident reporting, investigation and follow-up of corrective
action.
• This is an important part of measuring and evaluating OHS
performance.
• This in turn is an important part of a systematic approach to
managing OHS, as discussed previously.
Monitoring OHS Incidents

• It is recommended that the employer should review incidents at

least once per year, to determine if there are some patterns or
trends which will assist in isolating weaknesses in risk control
measures or precautions which is used as a basis for OHS
initiatives included in employer OHS improvement plans.
Identify hazardous materials and
other hazards on work sites
Hazardous materials on a work site

• Dangerous goods and hazardous materials are substances,

mixtures or articles that, because of their physical, chemical
(physicochemical) or acute toxicity properties, present an
immediate hazard to people, property or the environment.
Hazardous materials on a work site

• Types of substances classified as dangerous goods include

explosives, flammable liquids and gases, corrosives, chemically
reactive or acutely (highly) toxic substances.
• These need to be handled as per the SWMS, JSA and SDS
forms you will find on the job site which follow your companies
procedures and are within legislative requirements.
Measures for controlling risks and construction hazards
are applied effectively and immediately
• Control measures should be based on the hierarchy of control.
• This considers control measures in descending order of priority.
- Higher order controls include elimination, substitution, isolation and
engineering controls.
- Lower order controls include administrative controls and personal
protective equipment (PPE).
- PPE should not be relied upon as the primary means of risk control and
should be used when risk can not be managed by other means and in
conjunction with other control measures.
Measures for controlling risks and construction hazards
are applied effectively and immediately
• Whichever control measure is chosen it should adequately
control exposure to the risk, not create another hazard, and
allow employees to do their work without undue discomfort or
distress.
Hazardous materials

• It is important to follow the correct waste management

procedures to safely remove hazardous material or secure them
using appropriate warning signs and labels.
• Any non toxic materials are to be removed safely according to
correct safe handling procedures.
Hazardous materials

• Hazardous materials include the following:

- ACM (Asbestos Containing Materials)
- Cleaning chemicals, including those in pressurised containers
- Glues
- Insulation materials
- Solvents
- Treated timber products
Asbestos-containing materials are identified on a work
site and reported to designated personnel
• The aim of the inspection is to assist in determining whether a
hazard exists.
• It is recommended that employers or property owners initiate
this action and any asbestos materials be reported to the
appropriate personnel or supervisor asap.
Asbestos-containing materials are identified on a work
site and reported to designated personnel
• The location of asbestos-contaminated materials should be
determined by persons familiar with safe practices in working
with asbestos.
• When identifying asbestos-contaminated materials, the
inspector should undertake a risk management approach,
utilising the control hierarchy: eliminate, isolate and minimise.
• Depending on factors such as location and friability, some
asbestos-contaminated materials may not require removal.
Working safely with asbestos

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBoj6vl4hLg
Plan and prepare for safe work
practices
Correct personal protective equipment and clothing are
identified and worn
• The purpose of PPE is to protect the wearer from hazards.
Head Hard hat (must include webbing—the stretching impact barrier inside), Hair net
Eyes/Face Safety glasses, Face shields

Hearing Ear muffs, Ear plugs

Airways/lungs Dust mask (such as those which use a P2 [class M] filters), Respirator

Hands Gloves, Gauntlets

Body Overalls, Aprons

Back of neck Legionnaire’s flap, sun flap

Selection of tools, equipment, materials and organising
the job task
• When selecting tools, equipment and materials this should be
done in conjunction with other personnel on site and in
accordance with enterprise procedures so that all the required
materials for the job are ready to go and there are no missing
materials and all jobs are being done within timeframes and
within your organisations procedures.
Selection of tools, equipment, materials and organising
the job task
• Organise tasks with fellow co-workers and other personnel so
that they can be performed in conjunction with others creating
a flow effect on the site.
• This also ensures everyone on-site understands where in the
timeframe their jobs sit and what is required of them.
Moving materials safely on a construction site

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fQMUWZ3e8Vc
Required barricades and signage are determined and
erected at the appropriate site location
• When inspecting the site prior to commencing cleaning
operations, a hazardous or dangerous situation may be found.
If the problem cannot be rectified immediately, the following
steps should be taken.
• Barricade off the area, warn others in the area of the danger
and erect hazard warning signs.
Required barricades and signage are determined and
erected at the appropriate site location
• Report the situation to you immediate supervisor or site safely
officer.
• Safety rails and barricades should be erected around the edges
of floor areas, opening in floors, stairways and trenches.
• Place and fix safety covers over holes where people could trip
or fall.
Planning to prevent falls – formwork

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ls710dx6v1g
Safety data sheets (SDS), and job safety analysis (JSA) and
safe work method statements relevant to the work to be
carried out are identified and applied
• Any hazardous material being delivered to an instruction site
should have an SDS or a JSA for the product provided at the
site before it is delivered or the work being done.
• These sheets should be kept on-site and should not be more
than three years old.
Safety data sheets (SDS), and job safety analysis (JSA) and
safe work method statements relevant to the work to be
carried out are identified and applied
• If you have not read the SDS for a substance you are going to
use or will be exposed when someone else uses it.
• Make sure you obtain a copy and read it first.
• If any special training is required you should complete the
training before the material is handled.
• JSA’s need to be read before commencing any job and created
during a job if there is not one available for a task.
SDS

• SDS give advice on:

- The ingredients of a product
- The health effects of a product and first aid instructions
- Precautions for use
- Safe handling and storage information
SDS

• SDS will also help you

- Be aware of any health hazards of a product
- Check that the site emergency equipment and procedures are
adequate
- Store the chemicals properly
- Check that a chemical is being used in the right way for the right job
- Decide whether any improvements or changes should be made to
machinery or work practices
- Decide whether any environmental monitoring should be done
SDS
example
JSA

• A JSA is an on-site or task-specific risk assessment completed

prior to the start of each activity, or where high-risk is involved,
to identify hazards and manage risks.
• A JSA includes details of the activity and associated risks and
safety measures that are required.
JSA

• It is important that the sequence of listed steps reflects the

sequence in which the task is actually completed.
• If not, sequential dangers or hazards may present themselves
without the required control either being effective or not in
place.
• This could not only result in exposure to the hazard but could
also adversely affect the productivity of the task.
Apply safe work practices
It's the simple things that matter

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WqeLnpwpmm4
Performing tasks to standards and legislative
requirements to keep everyone safe
• Everyone is responsible for their own safety and health and for
that of others whose activities they may influence or control.
• The degree of responsibility and accountability a person has will
depend on their authority and level of influence or control.
• The best way to perform tasks to the highest quality and within
strict safety boundaries is to conduct yourself on the worksite
and during tasks within safety policies and procedures which
will fulfil any legislative requirements also.
Guards for tools and equipment

• A guard on a power tool, static machine or any equipment

having a moving blade is another form of protective equipment
and is used in accordance with manufacturer specifications,
work site regulations and Australian standards.
• Its purpose it to prevent material and/or material waste from
being projected towards the operator, as well as preventing the
fingers or hands from being drawn into mobbing parts or
blades, guards are also used to prevent pieces of shattered
blade or abrasive disc from striking the operator when they are
faulty or disintegrate due to being jammed.
Guards for tools and equipment

• A guard is fitted as the last line of protection for an operator

and therefore should never be removed or tied back while the
tool or machine is in use.
• In fact, the only time the guard should be allowed to move from
its safety position is when the tool is in use and it retracts as it
is fed into the material or when the power has been
disconnected from the tool to allow the blade or disc to be
removed.
Safe use of power tools

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_ndd_Z5jdg
Reporting hazards, incidents and injuries

• All workers at a place of work have a responsibility to report

any illness, accident or near miss they are involved in or see.
• The procedures and relevant authorities used for reporting
these are to their immediate supervisor, OHS/WH&S committee,
health and safety representative (HSR), a union delegate or first
aid officer.
Reporting hazards, incidents and injuries

• If there is any plant or equipment involved they must make the

operator aware of the problem immediately.
• Necessary forms such as incident reports must be completed
and forwarded to the appropriate authorities immediately.
Prohibited tools and equipment in areas with identified
asbestos are recognised and not used
• Special areas should be provided for hazardous materials found
on the building site e.g. asbestos, flammable liquids,
oxy/acetylene bottles, cleaning materials and solvents.
• Hazardous materials must be removed or isolated to avoid
dangers to workers and delays to work schedules and all use of
tools is prohibited until all asbestos products have been
identified.
Prohibited tools and equipment in areas with identified
asbestos are recognised and not used
• It is important to remember that not everybody is equipped
with the knowledge, skills and tools required to remove
asbestos. There are specific certified licensed asbestos
removers who can perform the removal work.
• Having a licensed person remove asbestos will depend on its
size and quantity.
Work site safety signs and symbols

• Work site safety signs and symbols are identified, followed and
placed in the workplace to warn of hazards or risks that may be
present.
• They can also give information on how to avoid that hazard or
risk, or how to avoid its effects.
• If a safety sign is required to be placed on a piece of equipment
it may be in the form of a tag.
Work site safety signs and symbols

• Safety signs:
- Prevent accidents
- Signal health hazards
- Indicate the location of safety and fire protection equipment
- Give guidance and instruction in emergency procedures.
Work site area is cleared and maintained

• Clearing and maintaining the work site area is done to prevent

and protect self and others from incidents and accidents and to
meet environmental requirements.
• Housekeeping is everyone’s job – every trade, every worker,
and every supervisor.
Work site area is cleared and maintained

• Good housekeeping does more than prevent injuries – it can

save you time, and it can keep your tools from being lost,
damaged, or destroyed.
• Spending just 5 minutes picking up debris could prevent an
injury that keeps a co-employee, or yourself, off work for weeks
or even months.
Follow emergency procedures
Designated personnel in an emergency situation

• In any emergency situation different people take on different

roles on how to respond.
• It is important to identify the appropriate personnel to report to
and communicate with during an emergency situation
• One group of people are called the Emergency Control
Organisation also known as ECO groups.
• These people initiate and manage the response of any
emergency situation.
Safe workplace procedures for dealing with accidents

• Emergency response and evacuation procedures include the

following:
- Emergencies, such as fire, toxic and/or flammable vapours emission,
vehicle/mobile plant accident, structural collapse, chemical spill and
injury to personnel
- Extinguishing fires, organisational first aid requirements and evacuation
• Various types of fire and other emergencies are followed,
including identification or use, if appropriate, of fire equipment
within scope of responsibilities
Emergency response and evacuation procedures are known,
practised and carried out effectively when required

• In an emergency evacuation:
- You must evacuate immediately in accordance with the site’s
emergency procedures.
- You must directly follow the routes outlined to get to the appropriate
exit point
DRSABCD action plan

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yBDk_dlzvaQ
Emergency first aid treatment

• Information on first aid is a critical element that should be

covered in employee inductions – this includes location of first
aid kits.
• After first aid has been administered an accurate report needs
to be written up and submitted to the appropriate personnel.
Emergency first aid treatment

• Basic first aid procedures can be applied to:

- Minor burns/abrasions
- Broken arm/limb
- Poisoning
- Skin irritations
- Eye irritations
- Epileptic fits
- Infected wounds