WAJENZI DEVELOPERS

INTRODUCTION

Wajenzi owns a construction company which undertakes Design and construction contracts for its own
projects as well as those of clients in Kenya, Tanzania and Rwanda and also Supplies construction
materials to Tanzania and Rwanda.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT TEAM

A project management team includes a group of individuals with similar expertise who are grouped
together. Their main aim is to achieve a certain task or goal. Often times, many organizations do have
project team members for a long term or sometimes even for a short term. The prospects of a successful
project lie equally in the hands of the project manager as well as the members of the project.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT TEAM VISION AND MISSION

The mission of the project team is to complete all the company’s project successfully and in time to
make the company one among the leading companies. The vision of the project team is to be an
organized team and incorporate modern technologies to deliver in major projects undertaken by the
company.

PROJECT MANAGER

Project manager is someone who plans, communicates, organizes and executes successfully any project
plan with the aid of the team members.

GLOBALIZATION

Globalization is the word used to describe the growing interdependence of the world’s economies,
cultures, and populations, brought about by cross-border trade in goods and services, technology, and
flows of investment, people, and information. Countries have built economic partnerships to facilitate
these movements over many centuries.

The wide-ranging effects of globalization are complex and politically charged. As with major
technological advances, globalization benefits society as a whole, while harming certain groups.
Understanding the relative costs and benefits can pave the way for alleviating problems while sustaining
the wider payoffs.

GLOBALIZATION OPPORTUNITIES

Globalization decreases the cost of manufacturing. This means that companies can offer goods at a
lower price to consumers. The average cost of goods is a key aspect that contributes to increases in the
standard of living. Consumers also have access to a wider variety of goods. In some cases, this may
contribute to improved health by enabling a more varied and healthier diet; in others, it is blamed for
increases in unhealthy food consumption and diabetes.

Globalization provides businesses with a competitive advantage by allowing them to source raw
materials where they are inexpensive. Globalization also gives organizations the opportunity to take
advantage of lower labor costs in developing countries, while leveraging the technical expertise and
experience of more developed economies.
Spread of Knowledge and Technology. Arguably one of the top advantages of globalization has been the
rapid spread of technology worldwide. Google, Dell, and Microsoft, for example, all have offices on
many continents. Developing countries often appeal to investors because of the huge potential for
growth. The resulting advancements lead to results like the spread of motorized farm machinery in
Southeast Asia, for instance, where there had previously only been manual labor.

With globalization, different parts of a product may be made in different regions of the world.
Globalization has long been used by the automotive industry, for instance, where different parts of a car
may be manufactured in different countries. Businesses in several different countries may be involved in
producing even seemingly simple products such as cotton T-shirts.

Increased Open-Mindedness and Tolerance. It’s easy for people to fear others whom they have never
met. Foreigners come to seem completely unfamiliar under such conditions. But if people have
networked with others from elsewhere over the world, spoken with them about common problems, and
partaken of their food and culture, they are better able to perceive their common humanity and treat
these others as equals.

Increased Flow of Capital. Increased trade to larger and more diverse markets results in greater
revenues and increased gross domestic product (GDP). World GDP has grown from about $50 trillion in
2000 to about $75 trillion in 2016, primarily as a result of economic interdependence and the increased
global trade it allows. Globalization also means that businesses can realize greater profits by tapping into
previously untouched markets and taking advantage of lower local costs.

Collaboration and Shared Resources

Combining efforts and resources allows for more creativity and innovation to solve problems that affect
people all around the globe. Conservation efforts and efforts to combat rising carbon emissions, for
example, will require a concentrated global effort if they are to succeed. Nongovernmental
organizations (NGOs) use a collaborative approach to address issues that are not confined within
borders, such as child labor, human trafficking, and health care and disease prevention.

GLOBALIZATION THREATS

Studies suggest that globalization may contribute to income disparity and inequality between the more-
educated and less-educated members of a society. This means that unskilled workers may be affected
by declining wages, which are under constant pressure from globalization.

Exploitation. Multinational companies have been known to use cheap foreign sweatshop labor to make
cheap goods. Wealthy, industrialized countries have shipped their trash to China and Malaysia.
Exploiting cheap markets and lax regulations in developing nations has caused pollution and suffering in
those countries, even as profits soar abroad.

High Investment Costs. Globalization presents challenges for multinational corporations in terms of
capital investment and leadership. Setting up a business in a new country, especially a developing
country, requires substantial upfront capital. The needed infrastructure may not be in place.

Increasing competition. Businesses that contend in the global marketplace will naturally face
competition from companies all over the world. Consumers demand ever-higher quality and cheaper
products, and when they have a global array of companies to choose from, only those that evolve to
supply what consumers want and need will prosper. This increased competition means companies must
keep up with cutting-edge developments and stay assertive in the global marketplace to survive.

Better Products at Lower Prices. Global competition in the markets leads to both quality and
affordability. As consumers realize they have a variety of options from all corners of the globe, they will
choose to purchase the best and cheapest options, requiring companies to enhance quality and provide
affordable prices if they wish to remain competitive. The outsourcing of work also contributes to lower
prices, as many companies hire foreign laborers to do the work for lower pay.

Localized Job Loss. Globalization can contribute to a decline in job opportunities as companies move
their production facilities overseas. When companies move their production to China and other
countries with plentiful, cheap labor, American workers suffer under factory closures, layoffs, and
skyrocketing unemployment rates where they live.

Weak Regulation. Fewer regulatory bodies exist for international business enterprises. Navigating the
international markets can thus sometimes feel like the Wild West. Interconnected markets also mean
that with a lack of regulation, if something goes wrong, the repercussions will resound globally. The
global financial crisis, for example, hit many nations hard.

How to take advantage of globalization to grow your organization

Facilitate technology entrepreneurship by fostering the rise of innovation ecosystems. This is through
adopting technology shared by other institution. This might include engagement between new ventures,
and large multinational enterprises. Have “startup engagement”. They compete to win the hearts, minds
and ideas of new ventures – which benefit from globalisation by gaining powerful partners.

Facilitate transnational entrepreneurship in the company. Diaspora networks of expatriates to various

countries take what they have learnt in corporations and use it to create their own businesses in the
same or similar sectors.

Facilitate social entrepreneurship. This involves creating wealth while simultaneously addressing vexing
societal problems such as environmental degradation, poverty and poor health.

Opening larger, more diverse markets. The ability to discover and cater to niche markets around the
world is one of globalization’s appeals. They can achieve higher revenues in unsaturated markets while
saving money via the lower cost structure that results from cheaper labor, rent, and materials.

Having a diversified workforce: Businesses operating globally attract employees from all over the world.
They are likely to draw management staff from the countries where they maintain a presence and
employ laborers in a country where labor is relatively affordable. Learning to manage a culturally diverse
staff can be both a benefit and a challenge to a multinational business.

Get Better Products at Lower Prices. Global competition in the markets leads to both quality and
affordability. As consumers realize they have a variety of options from all corners of the globe, they will
choose to purchase the best and cheapest options, requiring companies to enhance quality and provide
affordable prices if they wish to remain competitive. The outsourcing of work also contributes to lower
prices, as many companies hire foreign laborers to do the work for lower pay.

ORGANIZATION’S STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES

ORGANIZATION ENVIRONMENT

Organizational environment is a set of characteristics which describe the organization and distinguish it
from other organizations within a given time period affecting behavior of the employees. Internal
Environment pinpoints in-house factors of the firm, which are often constitutional in nature. On the flip
side, External environment is composed of those factors which are exterior to the firm. Internal
environment comprises of strengths and weaknesses while external environment opportunities and
threats.

Internal environment of the organization.

It comprises of conditions, forces, members and events which has the capability to influence the
company’s decisions and operations. It determines the procedures and methods in which activities are
carried out in the organization, as well as it includes all of the immediate and information resources,
such as technical, financial and physical resources of the organization. It will comprise:

Value System: Value system can be defined as a set of rules and the logical and consistent values
adopted by the firm, as a standard guide, so as to regulate the conduct in any type of circumstances.

Vision, Mission and Objectives: Vision refers to the overall picture of what the enterprise wants to
attain, whereas mission talks about the organization and its business, and the reason for its existence.
Lastly, objectives refer to the basic milestones, which are set to be achieved within the specific period of
time, with the available resources.

Management structure and Internal Power Relationship: Management structure implies the
organizational hierarchy, the way in which tasks are delegated and how they relate, a span of
management, relationship amidst various functional areas, the composition of the board of directors,
shareholding pattern and so forth. On the other hand, internal power relationship describes the
relationship and cordiality between the CEO and board of directors. Further, the degree of support and
contribution received from the employees and other members of the organization strengthens the
organization’s decision-making power and its organization-wide implementation.

Human Resource: Human resources are the most important asset of the organization, as they play a
critical role in making or breaking the organization. The skills, competencies, attitude, dedication, morale
and commitment, amounts to the company’s strengths or weakness.

Tangible and Intangible Assets: The tangible assets refers to the physical assets which are owned by the
company such as land, building, machinery, stock etc. Intangible assets amount to the research and
development, technological capabilities, marketing and financial resources etc.

External Environment
It comprises of all the extrinsic factors, influences, events, entities and conditions, often existing outside
the company’s boundaries but they have a significant influence on the operation, performance,
profitability and survival of the business enterprise.

They include:

Competitors: Competitors are the business rivals, which operate in the same industry, offering the same
product and services, and cater to the same audience.

Suppliers: To carry out the production process, the raw material is required which is provided by the
suppliers. The behavior of the supplier has a direct impact on a company’s business operations.

Customers: Customers are the target audience, i.e. the one who purchases and consumes the product.
The customers are given the most important place in every business, because, the products are created
and promoted for customers only.

Intermediaries: There are a number of individuals or firms that help the business enterprise in the
promotion, selling, distribution and delivery of the product to the end buyer, which are called as
marketing intermediaries. It includes agents, distributors, dealers, wholesalers, retailers, delivery boys,
etc.

Shareholders: Shareholders are the actual owners of the company, as they invest their money in the
company. They get their share in the profits also, in the form of a dividend. In fact, they have the right to
vote at the company’s general meeting.

Employees: Employees refers to the company’s staff, who are hired to work for the company to help the
company reach its mission. Therefore, it is very important for the firm, to employ the right people,
retain and keep them motivated so as to get the best out of them.

Media: Media plays an important role in the life of every company because it has the capability to make
the company’s product popular overnight or it can also defame them, in just one go. This is due to the
fact that the reach of media is very large and so every content which is going to air on any form of media
can affect the company positively or adversely depending on what kind of information it contains.

Economic Environment: The economic conditions of the region and the country as a whole has a
significant bearing on the company’s profitability. This is because the purchasing power, saving habits,
per capita income, credit facilities etc. depends greatly on the country’s economic conditions, which
regulates the demand for the company’s products.

Political and Legal Environment: The political and legal environment consists of the laws, rules,
regulations and policies which the company needs to adhere. The changes in these laws and
government may affect the company’s decisions, open doors of new opportunities for the business or
pose a threat to the business.

Technological Environment: Technology is ever-changing, as everyday a new and improved version of

something is launched which is created with the state-of-the-art technology. This can be a plus point if
the company is the first mover in the race, subject to the success of the product. However, if it turns out
as a failure, it will prove as a wastage of time, money and efforts. Further, every company has to keep
itself updated with the changing technology.
Socio-Cultural Environment: Socio-cultural environment consist of those factors which are concerned
with human relationships such as customs, traditions, beliefs, values, morals, tastes and preferences of
the society at large. The company must consider these factors on various matters such as the hiring of
employees, advertising the product and service, decision making etc.

Demographic Environment: As the name suggests, the demographic environment covers the size, type,
structure, education level, and distribution of population in a geographical area. The knowledge of this
environment will help the firm in deciding the optimal marketing mix for the target population.

Global Environment: Due to liberalization domestic companies can offer their products and services for
sale to other countries. In fact, there are many companies which are operating in a number of nations
worldwide. Hence, such companies have to follow the laws prevalent in these countries as well as they
have to adhere to international laws and guidelines. Further, the responses and the company’s norms
must be in alignment with the global environment.

business tools to analyze the information about opportunities

SWOT analysis

A SWOT analysis is defined as a set of methods used to examine both internal and external factors that
affect the performance of a company. This analysis is mostly applied in the initial stages before the
company launches any new plans, especially strategic marketing plans. In this analysis, there are four
contributing elements need to be examined to complete the analysis, namely strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities and threats. Among them, strengths and weaknesses refer to any criteria within and
under the control of a company; therefore, they are also called internal factors. In contrast, external
analysis focuses on examining outside factors. These factors are then grouped in opportunities and
threats for the enterprise.

SWOT analysis

Strengths and Weaknesses

This analysis figures out all advantages and disadvantages that the company has regarding human
resources, capital resources, infrastructure, organization structure and so on.

Opportunities and Threats

This step focuses on identifying the outside environment to figure out the supporting element as well as
deterrence to the development of the company. This analysis concerns the effects from competitors,
rules and regulations from local governments, economic situation, and so on.

PEST analysis

This analysis PEST standing for Political, Economic, Sociological, and Technological is a method used to
analyze the outside impacts on the performance of any enterprise. In the analysis process, business
owners are provided with various external factors that directly and indirectly exert impact on their
businesses.

PEST analysis

Political
Political situation is the main subject to study in this analysis. Current situation and projected situation in
the future are considered carefully to predict how it affects the workflow of the company

Economic

This economic factor concerns in both local and global scale.

Sociological

This factors studies how community affects decision making process of the company. In this analysis,
customer demands and hot trends are the most popular examined criteria.

Technological

This factor is greatly important to examine, especially the outburst of the fourth industrial revolution is
on the way to come. Examining emerging technology and the most favorable technology help business
owners to keep up with the past pace of advanced technological development.

MOST analysis

This method is suitable for any company looking for performing internal analysis since it helps the
owners sure that they are on the right pattern. The name MOST is an acronym for mission, objectives,
strategies, and tactics. The business needs to define where they want to drive their business to, what
goals do they need to obtain to achieve their mission, what is the detail plan, and how to perform the
defined plan.

BUSINESS DIRECTION

The company to take construction businesses of building real estate and then leasing or selling out the
houses in Kenya, Tanzania and Rwanda. The company will also venture in purchase and selling of
construction materials.

Financial Forecasts

PAYBACK PERIOD

Investment Cash outflow Cash inflow Expenses 10% Net cash inflow profit Loss

0 - - 0 0

1 70,932 19,152,990 1,723,769.10 17,429,220

2 84,567 22,833,090 2,054,978.10 20,778,112

3 98,687 26,654490 2,398,904.10 24,255,586

4 90,560 24,451,200 2,200,608 22,250,592

5 130,578 35,256,060 3,173,045.40 32,083,015

6 237,890 64,230,300 5,780,727

58,449,573 -197183122
7 100,050 27,013,500 2,431,215

24,582,285 -172600837

8 129,433 34,946,910 3,145,221.9

31,801,689 -140794148

9 215,678 58,233,060 5,240,975.4

52,992,085 -87802063

10 203,570 54,963,900 4,946,751

50,017,149 -37784914

11 225,760 60,955,200 5,485,968

55,469,232

RISK AND REWARD MANAGEMENT STRATEGY

I would use a Risk Reward Assessment Chart. This is based on analyzing the risk-reward levels involved in
each trade. In this method, you calculate the rewards as a multiple of risk, which will constantly remind
the risks involved in every trade, preventing you from executing a trade on impulse.

RISK ASSESSMENT CHART (1:2)

Project No. REWARD RISK Net R/R

1 6 4

2 5 5

3 4 6

4 7 3

TEAM MEMBERS

The construction team will normally form part of a larger project team which may include a project
board, client representatives, design team and other stakeholders such as the building’s users.

THE ARCHITECT

The architect may help the client to formulate his requirements in an understandable form, bearing in
mind any statutory conditions that may apply. It will be advantageous to the client at this stage if he
could be shown work of a similar nature so that he could obtain a visual impression of shape, type of
materials, size etc. if this is not possible, pictorial sketches and/or model can be used, but it is often
difficult for the client to visualize the true structure from these very artistic representations.
THE ENGINEERS

Engineers are very important members of the design team whose responsibilities are to assist in the
overall design of the project within the scope of their specialist fields. Engineers such as geotechnical,
structural, electrical, mechanical, and will so on, will carry out various analyses and calculations before
arriving at the optimal design solution for a specific building. Thereafter, they will produce drawings,
specifications, schedules and other relevant data that may be required for the overall design of the
project and to assist the quantity surveyor in the preparation of bills of quantities and costing and the
client in his assessment of the suitability of the project, regarding statutory requirements. During project
execution stage, engineers should visit the site periodically for inspections to ensure that in general, the
work being carried out is in compliance with their engineering drawings, schedules and specifications.
They must also be available to modify or re-design their individual aspects as may become necessary.
Also some projects may require the services of resident engineers on the building project site.

THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR

A quantity surveyor should be called upon in the early stages of consultation by the client because of his
expertise in construction costs. He should prepare first of all, a cost plan as soon as the brief is settled,
an approximate cost from sketch drawings, elemental cost checks during design, so that, should the
client’s sum be exceeded, the designers can consider each element of the building project in reasonable
isolation, enabling him to pair costs as necessary, within the total cost limit of the project.

THE BUILDER

A Builder is the professional at the centre of the physical construction of buildings. His role in building
development process in general, is to construct the building. He does this by taking charge of the
activities on a building construction site in translating designs, working drawings, schedules and
specifications into a physical structure. He uses his production management expertise, coupled with the
necessary resources such as money, manpower, materials, and machineries, in the site execution of
building projects. His expertise in Building production management is the main professional input that
he renders on building projects. In constructing buildings, a builder performs the following roles: • Carry
out Buildability and Maintainability analysis • Prepare Production Management Documents • Manage
the production process on site.

THE PROJECT MANAGER

While the responsibility for complying with specifications is firmly placed with the contractor, the
unspoken assumption is made that unless a client maintains his own representative (the project
manager) on the site to watch and inspect the works, the resultant structure or building will not be in
conformity with specified quality standard

STAFFING NEEDS OF THE PROJECT TEAM

MOTIVATION STRATEGIES

Goal-setting: goal-setting skills involve the ability to set good goals. Setting clear, achievable goals can
help people stay motivated in the workplace.
Leadership: leadership is an essential motivational skill. Outstanding leaders have the ability to lead by
example and motivate the people that they lead.

Communication: communication is another important motivational skill. Communicating effectively with

employees is essential to motivating them. This includes offering constructive feedback as well as
listening to their feedback.

Invest in your relationships with your employees

Investing in your relationships with your employees is another way to boost their motivation. Creating
strong relationships with your employees can help them feel more engaged and connected with their
work, which can improve their motivation. You can strengthen your relationships with your employees
by communicating with them frequently, giving them positive feedback, and showing that you care
about them. Consider implementing team-building activities so that you can get to know your
employees, and they can get to know each other too. This builds a more cohesive and motivated team
that's ready to work together to reach shared goals.

Keep a positive attitude

Another key tip for motivating your employees is to keep a positive attitude. Keeping a positive attitude
can inspire your employees to do the same, which can increase their motivation and engagement. It can
also help you improve your company culture and make your employees more excited to come to work.
Be sure to smile and use positive words in your employee interactions to display positivity.

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT

PLANNING AND CONTROL TOOLS

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

Total quality management is a system of management based on the principle that every member of staff
must be committed to maintaining high standards of work in every aspect of operations of the company.
There are 8 principles of total quality management including Customer-focused, Communications,
Strategic and systematic approach, Integrated system, Fact-based decision making, Total employee
involvement, Process-centered, Continual improvement.