GOVERNMENT

POLYTECHNIC ASTHAWAN,
NALANDA

LAB MANUAL
VIth Sem.
Subject:- Internet of Things
(Advance)
[2000608C]

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 Index
Sl.No. Laboratory Practical Titles Page No.
01 Install given version of Python on the computer system. 3-4
02 Prepare a python program using print() function and run it. 5-6
03 Access given value from the tuple. 7-8
04 Print the given value of key from the dict. 9-10
05 Write a Python program to create an array of 5 integers and 11-13
display the array items. Access individual element through
indexes.
06 Write a Python program which takes two digits m (row) and n 14-16
(column) as input and generates a two- dimensional array.
07 Write a python program to check whether person is eligible for 17-18
voting or not. (accept age from the user)
08 Create a free cloud account. 19
09 Store data on cloud and retrieve it. 20-21
10 Study of different types of Network cables and Practically 22-23
implement the cross- wired cable and straight through cable
using clamping tool.
11 connect the computers in Local Area Network. 24
12 Connect 2 or more devices using Bluetooth. 25
13 Connect 2 or more devices using infrared. 26
14 Connect 2 more machine using m2m. 27
15 Connect 2 or more different devices using access point. 28

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 Experiment No :-1
Installation of a Specific Version of Python on the Computer System

Objective:-

To learn how to install a specific version of Python on the computer system for programming
and software development purposes.

Requirements:-
1. A computer system with administrative privileges.
2. Stable internet connection.
3. Web browser (e.g., Google Chrome, Firefox).
4. The required Python version's official URL or installer.

Procedure:
Step 1: Visit the Official Python Website

1. Open a web browser.

2. Navigate to the official Python website: https://www.python.org.

Step 2: Download the Required Version

1. Go to the Downloads section.

2. Click on "View the full list of downloads" or navigate to
https://www.python.org/ftp/python/.
3. Locate the required Python version (e.g., 3.9.7).
4. Download the appropriate installer file for your operating system:
o For Windows: .exe o For macOS: .pkg o For
Linux: Source code or system-specific package.

Step 3: Install Python

1. Windows Installation:
o Open the downloaded .exe file. o Check the box "Add
Python to PATH".
o Click Install Now and follow the prompts.
2. macOS Installation:
o Open the .pkg file.
o Follow the installation wizard to complete the process.

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 3. Linux Installation:
o Open the terminal. o Navigate to the directory containing the
source code. o Run the following commands:
o tar -xvzf Python-<version>.tgz o cd Python-<version>
o ./configure o make o sudo make install

Step 4: Verify the Installation

1. Open the Command Prompt, Terminal, or PowerShell.

2. Run the command:
3. python --version
4. Ensure that the installed Python version matches the required version.

Result:-
The required version of Python was successfully installed and verified on the computer
system.

Conclusion:-
By following the above steps, one can install and set up a specific version of Python on their
computer system for programming needs.

Precautions:
1. Ensure a stable internet connection while downloading Python.
2. Use the official Python website to avoid malicious software.
3. Always check the box "Add Python to PATH" during installation to avoid manual
configuration issues.
4. Verify the installed version to confirm successful installation.

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 Experiment No :- 2
Preparing and Running a Python Program Using the print() Function

Objective:-

To write and execute a simple Python program using the print() function to display output
on the screen.

Requirements:-
1. A computer system with Python installed.
2. Code editor or IDE (e.g., VS Code, PyCharm, IDLE) or Terminal/Command Prompt.

Procedure:-
Step 1: Open the Python Environment

1. Open your preferred code editor, IDE, or terminal.

Step 2: Write the Program

1. Create a new file with the extension .py (e.g., example_program.py) or

directly use the Python interpreter.
2. Write the following Python program using the print() function:
3. # This is a simple Python program using the print() function
4. print("Hello, World!")
5. print("Welcome to Python Programming.")
6. print("This is an example of using the print() function.") Step

3: Save the Program

1. If using a text editor, save the file with the .py extension (e.g., print_example.py).

Step 4: Run the Program

1. Open the terminal or command prompt.

2. Navigate to the directory where the file is saved using the cd command.
3. Run the program using the command:
4. python print_example.py

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 Alternatively, if using an IDE, click on the Run button.

Step 5: Observe the Output

The output of the program will be displayed as:

Hello, World!
Welcome to Python Programming.
This is an example of using the print() function.

Result:
The Python program was successfully written, executed, and produced the desired output
using the print() function.

Conclusion:

The print() function in Python is a simple and effective way to display text and outputs on
the screen. This experiment demonstrated its usage to create a basic Python program.

Precautions:
1. Ensure Python is correctly installed and configured in the system PATH.
2. Save the file with the .py extension to run it properly.
3. Check for typos in the print() statement to avoid errors.

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 Experiment No :- 3
Accessing a Given Value from a Tuple in Python

Objective:

To learn how to access specific values from a tuple in Python using indexing.

Requirements:
1. A computer system with Python installed.
2. Code editor, IDE, or Python interpreter.

Theory:
A tuple in Python is an immutable data structure used to store a collection of items. The items
in a tuple can be accessed using zero-based indexing. The syntax for accessing an element is:
tuple_name[index]

Procedure:
Step 1: Open the Python Environment

1. Open your preferred code editor, IDE, or terminal.

Step 2: Write the Program

1. Create a new Python file (e.g., tuple_access.py) or open the Python

interpreter.
2. Write the following Python program to access a specific value from a tuple:
3. # Define a tuple with some values
4. my_tuple = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50) 5.
6. # Access and print a specific value using its index
7. print("The tuple is:", my_tuple)
8. print("Value at index 2 is:", my_tuple[2]) 9.
10. # Access the last element using negative indexing
11. print("The last value in the tuple is:", my_tuple[-1])

Step 3: Save the Program

1. If using a text editor, save the file with the .py extension (e.g., tuple_access.py).

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Step 4: Run the Program

1. Open the terminal or command prompt.

2. Navigate to the directory where the file is saved using the cd command.
3. Run the program using the command:
4. python tuple_access.py

Alternatively, use the Run button in an IDE.

Step 5: Observe the Output

The output will display the tuple and the accessed values:
The tuple is: (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)
Value at index 2 is: 30
The last value in the tuple is: 50

Result:
The value from the tuple was successfully accessed using both positive and negative indexing.

Conclusion:
This experiment demonstrated how to access specific values from a tuple in Python using
indexing. Positive indexing starts from 0, while negative indexing starts from -1.

Precautions:

1. Ensure that the index used is within the valid range; otherwise, an IndexError will
occur.
2. Understand the difference between positive and negative indexing for efficient tuple
access.

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 Experiment No :- 4
Printing a Given Value of a Key from a Dictionary in Python

Objective:

To learn how to access and print the value of a specific key from a dictionary in Python.

Requirements:-
1. A computer system with Python installed.
2. Code editor, IDE, or Python interpreter.

Theory:-
A dictionary in Python is an unordered collection of key-value pairs. To access the value
associated with a specific key, you can use square brackets with the key name, or the get()
method. The syntax for accessing a value is: dict_name[key]

Alternatively, the get() method can be used: dict_name.get(key)

Procedure:-
Step 1: Open the Python Environment

1. Open your preferred code editor, IDE, or terminal.

Step 2: Write the Program

1. Create a new Python file (e.g., dict_access.py) or open the Python interpreter.
2. Write the following Python program to access and print the value of a given key
from a dictionary:
3. # Define a dictionary with some key-value pairs
4. my_dict = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25, 'city': 'New York'} 5.
6. # Access and print the value for a specific key
7. print("The dictionary is:", my_dict)
8. print("The value for the key 'name' is:", my_dict['name']) 9.
10. # Alternatively, using the get() method
11. print("The value for the key 'age' is:", my_dict.get('age'))

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Step 3: Save the Program

1. If using a text editor, save the file with the .py extension (e.g., dict_access.py).

Step 4: Run the Program

1. Open the terminal or command prompt.

2. Navigate to the directory where the file is saved using the cd command.
3. Run the program using the command:
4. python dict_access.py

Alternatively, use the Run button in an IDE.

Step 5: Observe the Output

The output will display the dictionary and the accessed values:
The dictionary is: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25, 'city': 'New
York'}
The value for the key 'name' is: Alice
The value for the key 'age' is: 25

Result:
The value for the specified key was successfully accessed and printed from the dictionary.

Conclusion:
This experiment demonstrated how to access and print the value of a specific key from a
dictionary in Python using both square bracket notation and the get() method.

Precautions:
1. Ensure that the key exists in the dictionary. If the key is not found and square brackets
are used, a KeyError will occur. The get() method returns None if the key does not
exist.
2. Be mindful of case sensitivity while working with dictionary keys.

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 Experiment No :- 5
Creating an Array of 5 Integers in Python and Accessing Elements through Indexes

Objective:

To create an array of integers in Python, display the array items, and access
individual elements using indexing.

Requirements:
1. A computer system with Python installed.
2. Code editor, IDE, or Python interpreter.

Theory:

In Python, an array is typically created using the array module or by using a list.
Although Python lists are more commonly used for this purpose, here we will
demonstrate both approaches.

To create an array with integers, you can use the array module:
import array arr = array.array('i',
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

Alternatively, a list can be used:

arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

To access individual elements, use zero-based indexing: arr[index]

Procedure:
Step 1: Open the Python Environment

1. Open your preferred code editor, IDE, or terminal.

Step 2: Write the Program

1. Create a new Python file (e.g., array_access.py) or open the Python interpreter.
2. Write the following Python program to create an array of 5 integers, display the array
items, and access individual elements:
3. # Import array module (for array-based solution) 4. import array 5.
6. # Create an array of 5 integers

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 7. arr = array.array('i', [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]) 8.
9. # Display the entire array 10.
print("The array is:", arr)
11.
12. # Access individual elements using indexes
13. print("Element at index 0:", arr[0]) 14.
print("Element at index 1:", arr[1]) 15.
print("Element at index 2:", arr[2]) 16.
print("Element at index 3:", arr[3])
17. print("Element at index 4:", arr[4])
18.
19. # Alternatively, using a list instead of
an array
20. arr_list = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
21. print("\nUsing a list instead of an
array:")
22. print("The list is:", arr_list)
23. print("Element at index 0:",

arr_list[0]) Step 3: Save the Program

1. If using a text editor, save the file with the .py extension (e.g.,
array_access.py).

Step 4: Run the Program

1. Open the terminal or command prompt.

2. Navigate to the directory where the file is saved using the cd command.
3. Run the program using the command:
4. python array_access.py

Alternatively, use the Run button in an IDE.

Step 5: Observe the Output

The output will display the array/list and the accessed elements:
The array is: array('i', [10, 20, 30, 40, 50])
Element at index 0: 10
Element at index 1: 20
Element at index 2: 30
Element at index 3: 40
Element at index 4: 50

Using a list instead of an array:

The list is: [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
Element at index 0: 10

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Result:
An array of 5 integers was created, displayed, and individual elements were
accessed using indexing.

Conclusion:
This experiment demonstrated how to create an array (or list) of integers in
Python, display the array, and access specific elements using indexes.

Precautions:

1. Ensure that the index used is within the valid range; otherwise, an Index Error will
occur.
2. Remember that Python arrays and lists are zero-indexed, meaning the first element is
at index 0.

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 Experiment No:- 6
Generating a Two-Dimensional Array Based on User Input for Rows and Columns in Python

Objective:

To write a Python program that takes two digits (m for rows and n for columns) as input from
the user and generates a two-dimensional array.

Requirements:
1. A computer system with Python installed.
2. Code editor, IDE, or Python interpreter.

Theory:
In Python, a two-dimensional array can be represented as a list of lists. Each inner list
represents a row, and the outer list contains all the rows. The program should allow the user to
input the number of rows and columns, then generate and display the corresponding 2D array.

Procedure:
Step 1: Open the Python Environment

1. Open your preferred code editor, IDE, or terminal.

Step 2: Write the Program

1. Create a new Python file (e.g., two_dimensional_array.py) or open the Python

interpreter.
2. Write the following Python program to take input from the user and generate a 2D
array:
3. # Function to generate a 2D array based on user input 4. def
generate_2d_array(m, n):
5. # Initialize an empty 2D array
6. array_2d = [] 7.
8. # Generate the 2D array by taking input for each element 9.
print("Enter the elements row by row:")
10. for i in range(m):
11. row = []
12. for j in range(n):
13. # Take input for each element in the row
14. row.append(int(input(f"Enter element for position
({i+1},{j+1}): ")))
15. array_2d.append(row)

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 16.
17. # Return the generated 2D array 18.
return array_2d
19.
20. # Input for rows and columns
21. m = int(input("Enter the number of rows (m): ")) 22. n =
int(input("Enter the number of columns (n): "))
23.
24. # Generate the 2D array
25. result_array = generate_2d_array(m, n)
26.
27. # Display the generated 2D array
28. print("\nGenerated 2D Array:") 29.
for row in result_array:
30. print(row)

Step 3: Save the Program

1. If using a text editor, save the file with the .py extension (e.g.,
two_dimensional_array.py).

Step 4: Run the Program

1. Open the terminal or command prompt.

2. Navigate to the directory where the file is saved using the cd command.
3. Run the program using the command:
4. python two_dimensional_array.py

Alternatively, use the Run button in an IDE.

Step 5: Observe the Output

The program will ask for input regarding the number of rows and columns, and then it will
prompt the user to input each element for the 2D array. The output will look like this
(assuming the user inputs some example values):
Enter the number of rows (m): 2
Enter the number of columns (n): 3
Enter the elements row by row:
Enter element for position (1,1): 1
Enter element for position (1,2): 2
Enter element for position (1,3): 3
Enter element for position (2,1): 4
Enter element for position (2,2): 5
Enter element for position (2,3): 6

Generated 2D Array:
[1, 2, 3]
[4, 5, 6]

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Result:
The Python program successfully generated a two-dimensional array based on user input for
rows and columns.

Conclusion:
This experiment demonstrated how to generate a two-dimensional array in Python by taking
user input for the number of rows, columns, and each element in the array.

Precautions:
1. Ensure the user enters valid integers for both rows and columns, as well as for each
element.
2. Make sure the input is correctly formatted to avoid errors (e.g., entering non-numeric
values for array elements).

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 Experiment No:- 7
Checking Voting Eligibility Based on Age in Python

Objective:

To write a Python program that checks whether a person is eligible to vote based on their age.

Requirements:
1. A computer system with Python installed.
2. Code editor, IDE, or Python interpreter.

Theory:
In most countries, the legal age for voting is 18 years or older. This program will ask the user
to input their age and will check if they meet the minimum voting age requirement. If the age
is 18 or above, the person is eligible to vote; otherwise, they are not eligible.

Procedure:
Step 1: Open the Python Environment

1. Open your preferred code editor, IDE, or terminal.

Step 2: Write the Program

1. Create a new Python file (e.g., voting_eligibility.py) or open the Python

interpreter.
2. Write the following Python program to check voting eligibility:
3. # Program to check voting eligibility based on age 4.
5. # Take age input from the user
6. age = int(input("Enter your age: ")) 7.
8. # Check eligibility for voting 9.
if age >= 18:
10. print("You are eligible to vote.")
11. else:
12. print("You are not eligible to vote.")

Step 3: Save the Program

1. If using a text editor, save the file with the .py extension (e.g.,
voting_eligibility.py).

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Step 4: Run the Program

1. Open the terminal or command prompt.

2. Navigate to the directory where the file is saved using the cd command.
3. Run the program using the command:
4. python voting_eligibility.py

Alternatively, use the Run button in an IDE.

Step 5: Observe the Output

The program will ask for the user's age, and then it will print whether the person is eligible to
vote or not. Example output:
Enter your age: 20 You
are eligible to vote.

If the user enters a lower age:

Enter your age: 16
You are not eligible to vote.

Result:
The program successfully checks if a person is eligible to vote based on their age and
provides the appropriate message.

Conclusion:

This experiment demonstrated how to use conditional statements (if-else) in Python to

check voting eligibility based on user input for age.

Precautions:
1. Ensure that the user inputs a valid integer for age.
2. Check for possible input errors, like entering non-numeric characters, which would
result in an error.

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 Experiment No: - 08

Aim:- Create a free cloud account.

To create a free cloud account, you can follow the steps below:
1. Choose a cloud provider: There are many cloud providers available, such as
Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform (GCP),
and more. Choose a provider that best suits your needs.
2. Sign up for an account: Once you have chosen a provider, go to their website
and sign up for a free account. You will need to provide your personal information
and create a username and password.
3. Verify your email address: After you have signed up, the cloud provider will
send you an email to verify your email address. Follow the instructions in the email
to complete the verification process.
4. Create your first cloud instance: Once you have verified your email address, you
can log in to your account and create your first cloud instance. A cloud instance is
a virtual machine that you can use to run your applications or services.
5. Configure your instance: When you create your instance, you will need to
configure it by choosing the operating system, storage, and network settings. Make
sure to choose the settings that best suit your needs.
6. Connect to your instance: After you have configured your instance, you can
connect to it using a remote desktop or SSH client. You will need to use the IP
address and username and password that you created when you configured your
instance.
7. Start using your cloud instance: Once you have connected to your instance, you
can start using it to run your applications or services. You can install any software
or tools that you need to run your applications.

Note: Make sure to read the terms and conditions of the cloud provider carefully
before signing up for a free account. Some providers may have restrictions on the
resources or services that you can use for free.

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 Experiment No: - 09

Aim:-
Store data on cloud and retrieve it.
Storing data on cloud and retrieving it is an important aspect of cloud computing.
There are different cloud service providers that offer different ways of storing and
retrieving data. Here is a general lab manual that covers the basic steps for storing
and retrieving data on a cloud service:
Prerequisites:-
- Access to a cloud service provider (e.g. Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure,
Google Cloud Platform)
- Basic knowledge of using a command line interface (CLI)
- A file or data to store on the cloud

Part 1:- Store data on Cloud

1. Login to your cloud account and access the dashboard.
2. Create a new storage container or bucket where you want to store your data.
3. Navigate to the container or bucket and note down the access key and secret key
provided by the cloud service provider.
4. Use a command line interface (CLI) to access the cloud storage using the
provided access key and secret key.
5. Upload the file or data to the cloud storage container or bucket using the CLI
command.

Part 2:- Retrieve data from Cloud

1. Access the cloud storage container or bucket where the data is stored.
2. Use the CLI command to download the file or data from the container or bucket
to your local machine.
3. Verify that the data downloaded is the same as the data uploaded to the cloud.

Example using Amazon S3:-

1. Login to your Amazon Web Services (AWS) account and access the S3
dashboard.
2. Create a new S3 bucket where you want to store your data.
3. Navigate to the bucket and note down the access key and secret key provided by
AWS.
4. Install the AWS Command Line Interface (CLI) on your local machine.
5. Use the following command to configure the CLI with the access key and secret
key:
aws configure

6. Use the following command to upload a file to the S3 bucket:

aws s3 cp file.txt s3://bucket-name/

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7. Access the S3 bucket and note down the key or URL of the uploaded file.
8. Use the following command to download the file to your local machine:

aws s3 cp s3://bucket-name/file.txt .

9. Verify that the downloaded file is the same as the uploaded file.

Note: The exact commands and steps may vary depending on the cloud service
provider and the specific service used.

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 Experiment No: - 10

Aim:-
Study of different types of Network cables and Practically implement the cross-
wired cable and straight through cable using clamping tool.

Introduction:-
Network cables are an essential component of any computer network, and they are
used to transmit data between devices such as computers, servers, routers, and
switches. In this lab manual, we will discuss the different types of network cables
and learn how to practically implement a cross-wired cable and straight through
cable using a clamping tool.

Objective:
The main objective of this lab is to help you understand the different types of
network cables and how to practically implement a cross-wired cable and straight
through cable using a clamping tool.

Materials Required:

- Network cables (cross-wired and straight through)

- RJ45 connectors
- Clamping tool
- Wire cutter/stripper

Types of Network Cables:

1. Twisted Pair Cable

- Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
- Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
2. Coaxial Cable
- Thinnet Coaxial Cable (10Base2)
- Thicknet Coaxial Cable (10Base5)

3. Fiber Optic Cable

- Multimode Fiber (MMF)
- Single-mode Fiber (SMF)

Practical Implementation:
1. Cross-Wired Cable:
- Cut the network cable to the required length.
- Strip off about 1 inch of the outer insulation from the cable ends.
- Arrange the wires according to the T568A or T568B wiring standard.

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- Cross-connect the wires at one end of the cable.
- Clamp the RJ45 connector using the clamping tool.
- Repeat the same steps for the other end of the cable.

2. Straight Through Cable:

- Cut the network cable to the required length.
- Strip off about 1 inch of the outer insulation from the cable ends.
- Arrange the wires according to the T568A or T568B wiring standard.
- Connect the wires straight through at both ends of the cable.
- Clamp the RJ45 connector using the clamping tool.

Conclusion:

In this lab, we have discussed the different types of network cables and how to
practically implement a cross-wired cable and straight through cable using a
clamping tool. Understanding the different types of network cables and how to
implement them is essential for building and maintaining computer networks.

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 Experiment No: - 11

Aim:-
connect the computers in Local Area Network.
Objective:- To connect computers in a local area network (LAN) using Ethernet
cables and switches.
Materials Required:-
- Ethernet cables
- Switch
- Computers/Laptops
Procedure:-
1. Connect one end of an Ethernet cable to the Ethernet port of the switch and the
other end to the Ethernet port of the first computer.
2. Repeat step 1 for all the computers that need to be connected in the LAN.
3. Turn on all the computers and the switch.
4. On each computer, go to Network Settings and select Ethernet or LAN as the
network connection type.
5. Configure the IP address, subnet mask, and gateway for each computer. The IP
address for each computer should be unique but should be in the same subnet. For
example, if the IP address of the first computer is 192.168.0.1, then the IP address
of the second computer can be 192.168.0.2.
6. Once the IP addresses are configured, the computers should be able to
communicate with each other over the LAN.
7. To verify the connection, ping the IP address of each computer from any other
computer in the LAN. If the ping is successful, it means the computers are
connected in the LAN.
8. To access shared resources such as files or printers, enable file and printer
sharing on each computer.

9. You can also assign a shared folder on any computer and access it from any other
computer in the LAN.

Conclusion:-
In this lab, we have successfully connected computers in a LAN using Ethernet
cables and switches. We have also configured the IP addresses for each computer
and verified the connection by pinging the IP address of each computer.

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 Experiment No: - 12

Aim:-
Connect 2 or more devices using Bluetooth.

Introduction:-
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard used for exchanging data between
devices over short distances. In this lab, we will learn how to connect two or more
devices using Bluetooth.
Requirements:-
- Two or more devices with Bluetooth capabilities (e.g., smartphones, laptops,
tablets, etc.)
- Bluetooth enabled on all devices
- Devices must be within Bluetooth range of each other (typically up to 10 meters)
Steps:-
1. Turn on Bluetooth on all devices that you want to connect. Go to the settings
menu of your device and search for the Bluetooth option. Turn it on.
2. Once Bluetooth is enabled, you can start the pairing process. In most devices,
Bluetooth pairing can be done by going to the Bluetooth settings menu and
selecting the option to scan for nearby devices.
3. Select the device you want to pair with and follow the on-screen instructions to
complete the pairing process.
4. After the devices are paired, you can start sharing data between them. For
example, you can share files, photos, music, or other data types.
5. To disconnect the devices, simply turn off Bluetooth on either one of the devices
or use the option to disconnect the paired device from the Bluetooth settings menu.
6. In case of any issues with pairing or data transfer, check the Bluetooth settings
on both devices and ensure they are compatible with each other.

Conclusion:
In this lab, we have learned how to connect two or more devices using Bluetooth.
Bluetooth is a convenient and easy-to-use technology for exchanging data
wirelessly between devices. With Bluetooth enabled, we can share data, transfer
files, and even stream media between devices with ease.

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 Experiment No: - 13

Aim:-
Connect 2 or more devices using infrared.
Introduction:-

Infrared (IR) technology is a wireless communication technology that allows devices to

communicate with each other over short distances. In this lab, we will learn how to connect two
or more devices using IR.

Materials:-

• Two or more devices with IR capabilities (e.g. smartphones, tablets, laptops, etc.)
• IR transmitter and receiver (optional, depending on the devices being used)

Procedure:-

1. Turn on the IR capabilities of all devices that will be used in the connection.
2. Determine which device will be the sender and which will be the receiver.
3. On the sender device, navigate to the file or data that you want to send.
4. Select the option to send the file/data via IR. This may be located in the device's settings
or in the file's sharing options.
5. On the receiver device, navigate to the IR receiver settings. This may also be located in
the device's settings or in a separate IR app.
6. Make sure the receiver device is in range of the sender device.
7. On the sender device, select the option to send the file/data. The sender device will emit
an IR signal containing the file/data.
8. The receiver device will detect the IR signal and prompt the user to accept the incoming
file/data.
9. Accept the incoming file/data on the receiver device.
10. The file/data should now be transferred from the sender device to the receiver device.

Troubleshooting:-

• Make sure that both devices have their IR capabilities turned on.
• Make sure that the devices are within range of each other.
• If using an external IR transmitter and receiver, make sure they are properly connected
to the devices.
• If the transfer fails, try repeating the process from step 3.

Conclusion:-

Infrared technology provides a simple and convenient way to transfer files and data between
devices. By following this lab manual we should now be able to connect two or more devices
using IR.

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 Experiment No: - 14
Aim:- Connecting Two or More Machines using M2M
Introduction:-

Machine-to-Machine (M2M) technology is a form of communication that allows machines to

communicate with each other without human intervention. In this lab, we will learn how to
connect two or more machines using M2M.

Materials:-

• Two or more machines with M2M capabilities (e.g. sensors, controllers, actuators, etc.)
• M2M communication protocol (e.g. MQTT, CoAP, XMPP, etc.)
• M2M gateway (optional, depending on the machines being used)

Procedure

1. Determine which machines will be the sender and which will be the receiver.
2. Install and configure the M2M communication protocol on each machine. The specific
steps will depend on the protocol being used.
3. If using an M2M gateway, install and configure the gateway on a separate machine that
is connected to the sender and receiver machines.
4. Assign unique identifiers to each machine (e.g. IP address, MAC address, hostname,
etc.).
5. On the sender machine, create a message that you want to send to the receiver machine.
This may be a sensor reading, a control command, or any other type of data.
6. Use the M2M communication protocol to send the message from the sender machine to
the receiver machine. The specific steps will depend on the protocol being used.
7. The receiver machine will receive the message and process it accordingly.

Troubleshooting:-

• Make sure that both machines have their M2M capabilities turned on and are properly
configured.
• Make sure that the machines are connected to the same network or have a direct
connection between them.
• If using an M2M gateway, make sure it is properly configured and connected to the
sender and receiver machines.
• If the message fails to send or receive, try repeating the process from step 5.

Conclusion:-

M2M technology provides a powerful way to connect and communicate between machines. By
following this lab, we should now be able to connect two or more machines using M2M and
communicate between them using an M2M communication protocol.

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 Experiment No: - 15

Aim:- Connect 2 or more different devices using access point.

Introduction:-

An access point is a wireless networking device that allows devices to connect to a network and
communicate with each other. In this lab, we will learn how to connect two or more different
devices using an access point.

Materials:-

• Two or more different devices with Wi-Fi capabilities (e.g. smartphone, tablet, laptop,
etc.)
• Wi-Fi access point (e.g. router, hotspot, etc.)
• Wi-Fi network name (SSID) and password.

Procedure

1. Turn on the Wi-Fi capabilities of all devices that will be used in the connection.
2. Turn on the Wi-Fi access point and make sure it is properly configured.
3. On each device, search for available Wi-Fi networks and select the Wi-Fi network name
(SSID) of the access point.
4. Enter the Wi-Fi network password when prompted.
5. Once connected to the access point, each device should be able to communicate with
each other over the network.

Troubleshooting:-

• Make sure that the Wi-Fi capabilities of all devices are turned on.
• Make sure that the Wi-Fi access point is properly configured and turned on.
• If the access point is password-protected, make sure that the correct password is entered.
• If the devices are unable to connect to the access point, try moving closer to the access
point or resetting the access point.

Conclusion

An access point provides a simple and convenient way to connect different devices and allow
them to communicate with each other over a network. By following this lab, we should now be
able to connect two or more different devices using an access point.

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