PAK SHAMAA SCHOOL & COLLEGE

DOHA-QATAR
CLASS = 9th
CHAPTER#5 (Microorganisms and Diseases)
QNO1. What are microorganisms? Give some examples.
Ans. microorganisms are any minute organism which can only be seen with the
help of microscope.
EXAMPLES. Bacteria, viruses etc.

QNO2. Write some names of bacterial diseases.

Ans. i) Tuberculosis ii) Whooping cough iii) Diphtheria iv ) Tetanus
v) Typhoid Vi ) Cholera
QNO3. Write some names of viral diseases.
Ans. i) Small pox ii) Polio iii) Measles iv) AIDS v) Hepatitis vi ) Influenza

QNO4. Describe the treatment and symptoms of whooping cough.

Ans. i) Air rushes into the lungs of infants producing the whistling sound called
‘whoop’
ii) Acute coughing may damage the lining of lungs and capillaries
iii) The infant gradually gets weaker and reduced to skeleton
iv ) The disease can be controlled by DPT
QNO5. What does DPT stands for?
Ans. D for diphtheria
P for Pertussis
T for Tetanus
QNO6. Write a short note on diphtheria.
Ans. i) it is the disease of infants
ii) The bacterium attacks on the lining of the nose, throat and larynx
iii) The trachea and larynx of the patient become non functional
iv ) The heart muscles get weak which may led to death
v) Infants should be immunized against this disease by vaccination

QNO7. Write a note on Tetanus.

Ans. I ) This disease is caused by bacteria which are found on animals ‘dung
ii) Bacteria enter in human body through wounds and cuts that attack the nervous
system of the patient
iii) Patients feel difficulty in opening mouth and in urination
iv ) There is no remedy of this disease and patient faces death
v) This disease can be avoided by ATS (Anti Tetanus Serum)

QNO8. Write down the causes, symptoms and treatment of cholera

Ans. It is the infectious disease of digestive tract
ii) Bacteria are transferred through the contaminated food and water
iii) Main symptoms are vomiting and diarrhea which causes loss of salts and water
from the body
iv ) Sever attack may cause death of the patients
v) Disease can be avoided by vaccination, ORS (Oral Rehydration Salts) and
antidiarrheal drugs

QNO9. Viruses are living or nonliving. Justify

Ans. LIVING CHARACTERS
i) They have DNA or RNA and proteins
ii) They have ability to multiply when they are present in living organisms
iii) They can cause disease in animals and plants
NONLIVING CHARACTERS
i) When they are present outside of their host, they exist in the form of crystals
ii) They are not composed of cells

QNO10. Write a short note on small pox

Ans. i) Small boils appear on the whole body of the patients, filled with pus
ii) It is fatal disease but fortunately eliminated from the world now
iii) The only remedy or control of this disease is the use of vaccine
iv ) Patient must be separated from the rest of the family members

QNO11.Write a short note on polio.

Ans. i) it is the disease of infants which damage the lower limbs and making them
disabled
ii) Main symptoms are fever, headache and stiffness in the neck
iii) Virus is spread through water and air
iv ) The only treatment is the use of vaccine

QNO12. What do you know about measles?

Ans. i) Infants suffer from fever, cough and small grey colored boils appear on the
body
ii) The disease gradually diminish within 10 days
iii) Infants are immunized with the use of vaccine

QNO13. What does AIDS stands for? Write its causes, symptoms and
transmission.
Ans. i) AIDS stands for Acquired Immunity Deficiency Syndrome
ii) It is a fatal disease which is caused by HIV.
iii) Virus kills the white blood cells which result in the destruction of immunity
iv ) Patient becomes victim of other diseases like T.B, Typhoid, and Pneumonia
etc.
v) Disease spread through blood transfusion syringes, surgical tools and direct
contact with patients

QNO14) Write down the causes, symptoms and type of Hepatitis

Ans. i) it is the disease of liver, caused by virus
ii) It is characterized by Jaundice, abdominal pain, liver enlargement and fatigue
etc.
iii) It is mostly of three type i.e. Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C
iv ) This disease is spread through blood, saliva and mother milk
v) Vaccine is available for Hepatitis A and B but not for C

QNO15. What is cancer? Write its causes.

Ans. cancer is the uncontrolled division of cells which form cyst or tumor in
different parts of body like lung, mouth, skin and intestine etc.
i) Sun rays may cause cancer
ii) Certain drugs may cause cancer
iii) Smoking is the main cause of mouth and lung cancer
iv ) Packed food and materials may also cause cancer
v) Viruses may also responsible for this disease

QNO16. Write down the symptoms of cancer.

Ans. i) persistent open wound
ii) Cyst or tumor under the skin
iii) Consistent headache with vomiting
iv ) Prolong indigestion with loss of weight
v) Persistent cough and swelling in throat

QNO17. Describe the different treatments of cancer

Ans. CHEMOTHERAPY
Several medicines have been discovered for the treatment of cancer
SURGERY
Tumors can be removed with the help of surgery
RADIOTHERAPY
i) Specific radios can be used to kill the cancerous cells or tumor

QNO18. Describe the causes, transmission and precautions of malaria.

Ans. i) it is caused by unicellular organism plasmodium through the vector
mosquito
ii) Female mosquito carries germs, when bites a healthy person to suck blood, it
transferred the germs into the body
iii) Plasmodium digest the red blood cells and patient becomes weak and pale
yellow
PRECAUTIONS
i) Remove the breeding places of mosquitoes i.e. ponds
ii) Regular spraying of DTT
iii) Taking antimalarial medicines in case of attack

QNO19. What do you know about Ringworm?

Ans. I) it is a skin disease caused by fungus
ii) It causes itching and uncomforting to the body
iii) This disease can be avoided by taking regular bath and keeping environment
clean

QNO.20.Describe causes, symptoms and precautions of Ascariasis

Ans. i) it is the disease of children caused by round worms Ascaries lubricoides
ii) Children with this disease become weak, pale yellow, shortage of vitamin A
which create the problem of poor vision
iii) This disease can be avoided by
(a) Washing hands before and after every meal
(b) Using boiled water for drinking
(c ) proper disposal of the faces and sewage

QNO.21. Enlist different agencies involved in spreading of germs and diseases

Ans. i) air ii) water (iii) faces (iv) Animals (5) food

QNO.22. How can we protect ourselves from germs?

Ans. 1) STERILIZATION
i) Drink boiled water
ii) Surgical instrument must be sterilized
iii) Aviod disposable syringes
iv ) Milk must be boiled before using
2) PET ANIMALS
i) Animals must be washed regularly
ii) They must be vaccinated
iii) Diseased animals must be killed and buried in soil
3) ISOLATION
The patient must be isolate in a separate room so that to avoid spreading of
disease
QNO.23. what is meant by mental illness? How will you differentiate between
Necrosis and Psychosis?
Ans. it is such a condition in which behavior of a person becomes abnormal
NECROSIS PSYCHOSIS
i) person is not functionless in society Person becomes functionless in society
ii)person never losses sense of Person losses sense of responsibility
responsibility
iii) his behavior is not injurious to His behavior may become injurious to
society society
iv) psychotherapy may cure the Such patient must be hospitalized for
patient treatment

QNO.24.Describe the main agencies in the spreading of germs

Ans. AIR) A dust in the air contains large number of disease causing germs like T.B.
Fresh and dust free air is essential for good health
WATER)
The germs of cholera and diarrhea may spread through water so drinking water
must be boiled before use
FOOD)
Never keep your food unwrapped. Such spoiled food is toxic and may cause great
troubles in the alimentary canal
FAECES)
If the faces is not properly disposed of, after getting dry, spread in the air and
may cause diseases
BLOOD TRANSFUSION)
The germs of AIDS and Hepatitis are transferred through the blood. Blood must be
cross matched from the laboratories before transfusion
QNO.25. Describe some factors which are responsible for mental illness
Ans. BIOLOGICAL FACTORS: secretions of certain hormones like neurotransmitter
INHERITED FACTORS: These are due to change in DNA
SOCIAL FACTORS: due to economic stress like tensions and depressions
PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS: toxic and drugs can change the brain chemistry
QNO.26. Enlist the main effects of heroin on the body.
Ans. i) Health gradually decline
ii) Blood pressure becomes low
iii) Breathing and heart rate slows down
iv ) The person goes to sleep
v) Person may die in severe condition