SUBJECT: Academics maths 4th ESO UNITS: 7 and 8 (functions)

TERM: 3rd GROUP: 4th A DATE: 9/5/2023 YEAR: 22-23

NAME AND SURNAME: MARK:

Mid-term exam (3rd term)

Instructions:
− The answers and operations of each exercise must be done in the corresponding space. Nothing written in
pencil will be corrected. Do not use red pen, only blue or black.
− No points will be given if the solutions are not conveniently explained, even if they are correct. It is
compulsory to write all the steps of the procedure in each one of the exercises.

1. Fill in the following table with the characteristics of the function graphed below: (13 p)

Domain (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞)

Range (−∞, 0] ∪ (1, ∞)
x-intercepts (−3, 0) and (−1, 0)
Intercepts
y-intercept There is not.
Discontinuities At 𝑥 = 0 (infinite)
Vertical 𝑥=0
Asymptotes Horizontal 𝑦=1
Oblique There is not.
Increasing / Increasing (−∞, −3) ∪ (−1.8, −1)
decreasing
intervals Decreasing (−3, −1.8) ∪ (−1,0) ∪ (0, ∞)

Relative Maxima (−3, 0) and (−1, 0)

maxima /
minima Minima (−1.8, −1.7)

𝑥+7
2. Find the inverse function of 𝑓(𝑥) = (10 p)
3𝑥−6

𝑥+7
𝑦=
3𝑥 − 6
𝑦 · (3𝑥 − 6) = 𝑥 + 7
3𝑥𝑦 − 6𝑦 = 𝑥 + 7
3𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 = 6𝑦 + 7
𝑥 · (3𝑦 − 1) = 6𝑦 + 7
6𝑦 + 7
𝑥=
3𝑦 − 1
6𝑦 + 7
𝑓 −1 (𝑦) =
3𝑦 − 1
𝟔𝒙 + 𝟕
𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) =
𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏

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3. Find the domain of the following functions: (8 + 10 + 7 = 25 p)
𝑥−3
a) 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥 2 −5𝑥+6

We have to exclude from the domain the values of 𝑥 that make zero the denominator:
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 = 0
5+1 6
−(−5) ± √(−5)2 − 4 · 1 · 6 5 ± √25 − 24 5 ± √1 5 ± 1 = =3
𝑥= = = = ={ 2 2
2·1 2 2 2 5 − 1 4
= =2
2 2
We may also find the roots of 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 by factorising it by inspection:
𝑥−2=0→𝑥 =2
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 = 0 → (𝑥 − 2) · (𝑥 − 3) = 0 → {
𝑥−3=0→𝑥 =3
Therefore:
𝑫𝒐𝒎 𝒇 = ℝ − {𝟐, 𝟑} = (−∞, 𝟐) ∪ (𝟐, 𝟑) ∪ (𝟑, ∞)

b) 𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥 2 − 4𝑥

The domain of 𝑔(𝑥) is the set of values of 𝑥 where the radicand is not negative:
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 ≥ 0
𝑥(𝑥 − 4) ≥ 0
The roots of 𝑥(𝑥 − 4) are:
𝑥=0
𝑥(𝑥 − 4) = 0 → {
𝑥−4=0→𝑥 =4

−∞ 𝟎 𝟒 +∞
𝑥 = −1 𝑥=1 𝑥=5
𝒙 − + +
𝒙−𝟒 − − +
𝒙(𝒙 − 𝟒) + − +

Therefore:
𝑫𝒐𝒎 𝒈 = (−∞, 𝟎) ∪ (𝟒, ∞) ∪ {𝟎, 𝟒} = (−∞, 𝟎] ∪ [𝟒, ∞)

c) ℎ(𝑥) = log(2𝑥 − 4)

The domain of ℎ(𝑥) is the set of values of 𝑥 where the argument of the logarithm is positive.
2𝑥 − 4 > 0 → 2𝑥 > 4 → 𝑥 > 2
Therefore:
𝑫𝒐𝒎 𝒉 = (𝟐, ∞)

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4. Given the following functions, do the following: (15 + 15 = 30 p)
− Find their intercepts.
− Study the sign.
− Find all the asymptotes.
− Study the symmetry.
𝑥 3 −𝑥
a) 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥 2 +4
We factorise the top and the bottom polynomials:
𝑥 3 − 𝑥 = 𝑥(𝑥 2 − 1) = 𝑥(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)
𝑥 2 + 4 cannot be factorised, because if 𝑥 2 + 4 = 0 → 𝑥 2 = −4 → 𝑥 = ±√−4 ∉ ℝ
Therefore:
𝑥(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥2 + 4
Intercepts
𝑥=0
𝑥(𝑥+1)(𝑥−1)
x-intercepts: 𝑓(𝑥) = 0 → = 0 → 𝑥(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) = 0 → { 𝑥 + 1 = 0 → 𝑥 = −1
𝑥 2 +4
𝑥−1=0→𝑥 =1
The x-intercepts are: (𝟎, 𝟎), (−𝟏, 𝟎) and (𝟏, 𝟎).
0 · (0+1) · (0−1) 0 · 1 · (−1) 0
y-intercept: 𝑓(0) = = = 4 = 0. The y-intercept is: (𝟎, 𝟎).
02 +4 0+4

Sign
−∞ −𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 +∞
𝑥 = −2 𝑥 = −0.5 𝑥 = 0.5 𝑥=2
𝒙 − − + +
𝒙+𝟏 − + + +
𝒙−𝟏 − − − +
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒 + + + +
𝒇(𝒙) − + − +
𝒇(𝒙) > 𝟎 for 𝒙 ∈ (−𝟏, 𝟎) ∪ (𝟏, ∞)
𝒇(𝒙) < 𝟎 for 𝒙 ∈ (−∞, −𝟏) ∪ (𝟎, 𝟏)
Asymptotes
No vertical asymptotes, as there are no values of 𝑥 that make zero the denominator of 𝑓(𝑥).
There is an oblique asymptote, because the degree of the top is one more than degree of the bottom.
We divide the top, (𝑥 3 − 𝑥), by the bottom, (𝑥 2 + 4):
𝑥3 0𝑥 2 −𝑥 +0 𝑥2 + 4
−𝑥 3 −4𝑥 𝑥
−5𝑥
The oblique asymptote is: 𝒚 = 𝒙
Symmetry
(−𝑥)3 − (−𝑥) −𝑥 3 + 𝑥 𝑥3 − 𝑥
𝑓(−𝑥) = = = − = −𝑓(𝑥)
(−𝑥)2 + 4 𝑥2 + 4 𝑥2 + 4
𝒇(𝒙) is odd.

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 2𝑥+5
b) 𝑔(𝑥) =
𝑥 2 −4

We factorise the bottom polynomial:

2𝑥 + 5 2𝑥 + 5
𝑔(𝑥) = 2
=
𝑥 − 4 (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)
Intercepts
2𝑥+5 5
x-intercepts: 𝑔(𝑥) = 0 → (𝑥+2)(𝑥−2) = 0 → 2𝑥 + 5 = 0 → 2𝑥 = −5 → 𝑥 = − 2 = −2.5
The x-intercept is: (−𝟐. 𝟓, 𝟎).
2·0+5 0+5 5 5
y-intercept: 𝑔(0) = (0+2)(0−2) = 2 · (−2) = −4 = − 4 = −1.25. The y-intercept is: (𝟎, −𝟏. 𝟐𝟓).

Sign
−∞ −𝟐. 𝟓 −𝟐 𝟐 +∞
𝑥 = −3 𝑥 = −2.1 𝑥=0 𝑥=3
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓 − + + +
𝒙+𝟐 − − + +
𝒙−𝟐 − − − +
𝒈(𝒙) − + − +
𝒈(𝒙) > 𝟎 for 𝒙 ∈ (−𝟐. 𝟓, −𝟐) ∪ (𝟐, ∞)
𝒈(𝒙) < 𝟎 for 𝒙 ∈ (−∞, −𝟐. 𝟓) ∪ (−𝟐, 𝟐)
Asymptotes
Vertical asymptotes for the values of 𝑥 that make zero the denominator of 𝑔(𝑥): 𝒙 = −𝟐 and 𝒙 = 𝟐
There is a horizontal asymptote, 𝒚 = 𝟎, because the degree of the top is smaller than degree of the
bottom.
Symmetry
2(−𝑥) + 5 −2𝑥 + 5
𝑔(−𝑥) = = 2 ≠ 𝑔(𝑥)
(−𝑥)2 − 4 𝑥 −4
−2𝑥 + 5 2𝑥 − 5
−𝑔(−𝑥) = − 2 = 2 ≠ 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑥 −4 𝑥 −4
𝒈(𝒙) is neither even nor odd.

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5. Do the following: (3 + 6 + 6 = 15 p)
a) Represent 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 𝑥 graphically on the grid below.

𝒚
𝒙 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐
𝒙 𝒇(𝒙)
8
1
−2 2−2 = = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 7 𝒈(𝒙)
4
1 6
−1 2−1 = = 𝟎. 𝟓
2 5
0
0 2 =𝟏 4 𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙)
1 21 = 𝟐 3

2 22 = 𝟒 2
1
3 23 = 𝟖 𝒙
-2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-1
-2

b) Find 𝑓 −1 (𝑥), the inverse function of 𝑓(𝑥), and represent it graphically on the grid above.
𝑦 = 2𝑥 → log 2 𝑦 = log 2 (2𝑥 ) → log 2 𝑦 = 𝑥 → 𝑓 −1 (𝑦) = log 2 𝑦 → 𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 𝒙
To complete the table of values, we just change 𝑥 for 𝑦 and 𝑦 for 𝑥 in the table of 𝑓(𝑥):
𝒙 𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 𝒙
0.25 −2
0.5 −1
1 0
2 1
4 2
8 3
c) Identify the transformations applied to 𝑓(𝑥) in order to get 𝑔(𝑥) = −2 + 2𝑥−3 , then represent 𝑔(𝑥)
graphically on the grid above.
𝑔(𝑥) = −2 + 2𝑥−3 = 2𝑥−3 − 2 = 𝑓(𝑥 − 3) − 2
We obtain 𝑔(𝑥) from 𝑓(𝑥) by applying a horizontal translation 3 units to the right, then a vertical
translation 2 units down.

𝒙 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒙 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙 − 𝟑) = 𝟐𝒙−𝟑 𝒙 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙 − 𝟑) − 𝟐 = 𝟐𝒙−𝟑 − 𝟐

−2 0.25 −2 + 3 = 1 0.25 1 0.25 − 2 = −𝟏. 𝟕𝟓
−1 0.5 −1 + 3 = 2 0.5 2 0.5 − 2 = −𝟏. 𝟓
0 1 0+3=3 1 3 1 − 2 = −𝟏
1 2 1+3=4 2 4 2−2 =𝟎
2 4 2+3=5 4 5 4−2 =𝟐
3 8 3+3=6 8 6 8−2 =𝟔

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 𝑘
6. The following graphs represent 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥), which has been obtained from 𝑓(𝑥) by applying some
specific transformations.
(3 + 4 = 7 p)

𝑘
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒈(𝒙)
𝑥
a) Find 𝑘.
The function 𝑓(𝑥) passes through the point (1, 2). Therefore:
𝑓(1) = 2
𝑘
=2
1
𝒌=𝟐
Then:
2
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥

b) Find the equation of 𝑔(𝑥).

The function 𝑔(𝑥) has been obtained from 𝑓(𝑥) by applying a horizontal translation 1 unit to the left
and a vertical translation 3 units up.
Therefore, the equation of 𝑔(𝑥) is:
𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥 + 1) + 3
𝟐
𝒈(𝒙) = +𝟑
𝒙+𝟏