DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL

WOKSHEET-AE-CLASS XI
MCQ
1. How many number of atoms are present in 52 u of He?
(a) 11
(b) 15
(c) 13
(d) 12
Answer:
(c) 13
2. Ethyne on passing through red hot iron tube at 873K undergoes cyclic
polymerization. Three molecules of ethyne polymerise to form:
(a) ethane
(b) ethene
(c) benzene
(d) ethanol
Answer:
(c) benzene
3. Which element is isoelectronic with Na +?
(a) Ne
(b) He
(c) K+
(d) C
Answer:
(a) Ne
4. The element with atomic number 57 belongs to:
(a) s-block
(b) p-block
(c) d-block
(d) f-block
Answer:
(c) d-block
5. Hydrogen bonds are formed in many compounds, e.g., H 20, HF and NH3.
The boiling point of such compounds depends to a large extent on the
strength of hydrogen bond and the number of hydrogen bonds. The correct
decreasing order of the boiling points of above compounds is:
(a) HF > H2O > NH3
(b) H20 > HF > NH3
(c) NH3 > HF > H2O
(d) NH3 > H2O > HF
Answer:
(b) H20 > HF > NH3
6. The pressure-volume work for an ideal gas can be calculated by using the
expression W = VfVi∫Pex dV. The work can also be calculated from the PV- plot
by using the area under the curve within the specified limits. When an ideal
gas is compressed (a) reversibly or (b) irreversibly from volume V, to Vf
choose the correct option.
(a) w (reversible) = w (irreversible)

(b) w (reversible) < w (irreversible)

(c) w (reversible) > w (irreversible)
(d) w (reversible) = w (irreversible) + PexdV
Answer:
(b) w (reversible) < w (irreversible)
7. The entropy change can be calculated by using the expression ΔS = qrevT.
When water freezes in a glass beaker, choose the correct statement
amongst the following:
(a) AS (system) decreases but AS (surroundings) remains the same. –
(b) AS (system) increases but AS (surroundings) decreases.
(c) AS (system) decreases but AS (surroundings) increases.
(d) AS (system) decreases and AS (surroundings) also decreases.
Answer:
(c) AS (system) decreases but AS (surroundings) increases.
8. What will be the value of pH of 0.01 mol dm -3 CH3COOH (Ka = 1.74 × 10-
5)?
(a) 3.4
(b) 3.6
(c) 3.9
(a) 3.4
(d) 3.0
9. Which one is more stable cation?
(a) CH3)33C+
(b) CH3C+H2
(c)(CH3)33C+
(A) (CH3)33C+
(d) C+H3
10. A metallic carbide on treatment with water gives a colourless gas which
burns readily in air and which gives a precipitate with ammoniacal silver
nitrate solution. Gas evolved is:
(a) Methane
(b) Ethane
(c) Acetylene
(d) Ethylene
Answer:
(c) Acetylene
11. When benzene is treated with excess of Cl 2 in the presence of sunlight,
the end product is:
(a) Monochlorobenzene
(b) Trichlorobenzene
(c) Hexachlorobenzene
(d) Benzene hexachloride
Answer:
(c) Hexachlorobenzene
12. In the case of homologous series of alkanes, which one of the following
statements is incorrect?
(a) The members of the series are isomers of each other
(b) The members of the series have similar chemical properties
(c) The members of the series have the general formula C nH2n+2, where n is
an integer
(d) The difference between any two successive members of the series
corresponds to 14 unit of relative atomic mass
Answer:
(a) The members of the series are isomers of each other
13. The function of A1C13 in Friedel-Craft’s reaction is:
(a) To absorb HC1
(b) To absorb water
(c) To produce nucleophile
(d) To produce electrophile
Answer:
(d) To produce electrophile
14. An alkyl halide may be converted into an alcohol by:
(a) Elimination
(b) Addition
(c) Substitution
(d) Dehydrohalogenation
Answer:
(c) Substitution
15. In the given conformation C2 is rotated about C2-C3 bond anticlockwise by
an angle of 120°, then the conformation obtained is:
(a) 3-hydroxy-2-bromopropane
(b) 2-bromo-l-propanol
(c) 2-bromo-3-propanol
(d) 3-hydroxy isopropyl bromide .
Answer:
(b) 2-bromo-l-propanol
16. The enthalpy of elements in their standard states are taken as zero. The
enthalpy of formation of a compound:
(a) is always negative
(b) is always positive
(c) may be positive or negative
(d) is never negative
Answer:
(c) may be positive or negative
17. An atom having atomic mass number 13 has 7 neutrons. What is the
atomic number of the atom?
(a) 5
(b) 7
(c) 6
(d) 9
Answer:
(c) 6
18. 16 g of oxygen has same number of molecules as in:
(a) 16 g of CO
(b) 28 g of N2
(c) 14 g of N2
(d) 2.0 g of H2
Answer:
(c) 14 g of N2
19. Which of the following solutions have the same concentration?
(a) 20 g of NaOH in 200 mL of solution
(b) 0.5 mol of KCl in 200 mL of solution
(c) 40 g of NaOH in 100 mL of solution
(d) 20 g of KOH in 200 mL of solution
Answer:
(a) 20 g of NaOH in 200 mL of solution
20. Which of the following statements are true regrading Avogrado’s Law.
(a) A given compound always contains exactly the same proportion of
elements by weight.”
(b) Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure should
contain equal number of molecules”.
(c) When gases combine or are produced in a chemical reaction they do so in
a simple ratio by volume provided all gases are at same temperature and
pressure.”
(d) “A chemical compound is always found to be made up of the same
elements combined together in the fixed proportion by weight.”
Answer:
(b) Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure should
contain equal number of molecules”.
21. What will be the molarity of a solution, which contains 5.85 g of NaCl(s)
per 500 mL?
(a) 4 mol L-1
(b) 20 mol L-1
(c) 0.2 mol L-1
(d) 2 mol L-1
Answer:
(c) 0.2 mol L-1
22. The empirical formula and molecular mass of a compound are CH 20 and
180 g respectively. What will be the molecular formula of the compound?
(a) C9H18O9
(b) CH2O
(c) C6H12O6
(d) C2H4O2
Answer:
(c) C6H12O6
23. The number of radial nodes for 3p orbital is ………
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 2
(d) 1
Answer: Answer:
(d) 1
24. Consider the isoelectronic species, Na+, Mg2+, F– and O2-. The correct
order of increasing length of their radii is …….
(a) F– < O- < Mg2+ < Na+
(b) Mg2+ < Na+ < F– < O2-
(c) O2- < F– < Na+ < Mg2+
(d) O2- < F– < Mg2+ < Na+
Answer:
(b) Mg2+ < Na+ < F– < O2-
25. Isostructural species are those which have the same shape and
hybridization. Among the given species identify the isostructural pairs.
(a) [NF3 and BF3]
(b) [BF–4 and NH+4]
(c) [BCl3 and BrCl3]
(d) [NH2 and NO–3]
Answer:
(b) [BF–4 and NH+4]
26. The types of hybrid orbitals of nitrogen in NO +2, NO–3 and
NH4+ respectively are expected to be:
(a) sp, sp3 and sp2
(b) sp, sp2, and sp3
(c) sp2, sp and sp3
(d) sp2, sp3 and sp
Answer:
(b) sp, sp2, and sp3
27. Choose the correct answer.
A thermodynamic state function is a quantity :
(a) used to determine heat changes.
(b) whose value is independent of path.
(c) used to determine pressure volume work.
(d) whose value depends on temperature only.
Answer:
(b) whose value is independent of path.
28. Among halogens, the correct order of amount of energy released in
electron gain (electron gain enthalpy) is:
(a) F > Cl > Br > I
(b) F < Cl < Br < I
(c) F < Cl > Br > I
(d) F < Cl < Br < I
Answer:
(c) F < Cl > Br > I
29. We know that the relationship between Kc/ and Kp is
Kp= Kc/(RT)∆n
What would be the valu e of ∆n for the reaction:
NH4 Cl(s)⇄ NH3(g) + HCl(g)
(a) 1
(b) 0.5
(c) 1.5
(d) 2
Answer:
(b) 0.5
30. For the reaction H2(g) + I2(g), 2HI(g), the standard free energy is ∆Gθ. The
equilibrium constant (K) would be:
(A) K = 0
(B) K > 1
(C) K = 1
(D) K < 1 Answer: (B) K > 1
Explanation:
∆G° = – RT In K. ∆G° > 0 means ∆G° is positive. This is possible only if InK is
negative, i.e., K < 1.
31. What will be the molality of the solution containing 18.25 g of HC1 gas in
500 g of water?
(a) 0.1 m
(b) 1 M
(c) 0.5 m
(d) 1 m
Answer:
(a) 0.1 m

32. One mole of any substance contains 6.022 × 10 23 atoms/molecules.

Number of molecules of H2SO4 present in 100 mL of 0.02 M H2S04 solution
is…….
(a) 12.044 × 1020 molecules
(b) 6.022 × 1023 molecules
(c) 1 × 1023 molecules
(d) 12.044 × 1023 molecules
Answer:
(a) 12.044 × 1020 molecules
33. Which of the following statements about the electron is incorrect?
(a) It is a negatively charged particle
(b) The mass of electron is equal to the mass of neutron.
(c) It is a basic constituent of all atoms.
(d) It is a constituent of cathode rays.
Answer:
(b) The mass of electron is equal to the mass of neutron.
34. Which of the following is not an actinoid?
(a) Curium (Z = 96)
(b) Californium (Z= 98)
(c) Uranium (Z = 92)
(d) Terbium (Z = 65)
Answer:
(d) Terbium (Z = 65)
35. PC15, PCl3 and Cl2 are at equilibrium at 500 K in a closed container and

3 mol L-1 respectively. The value of Kc for the reaction PCl 5(g) ⇌ PCl3(g) +
their concentrations are 0.8 × 10-3 mol L-1 1.2 × 10-3 mol L-1 and 1.2 × 10-

Cl2(g) will be
(a) 1.8 × 103 mol L-1
(b) 1.8 × 10-3
(c) 1.8 × 10-3 L mol-1
(d) 0.55 × 104
Answer:
(b) 1.8 × 10-3
36. The exhibition of various oxidation states by an element is also related to
the outer orbital electronic configuration of its atom. Atom(s) having which of
the following outermost electronic configurations will exhibit more than one
oxidation state in its compounds.
(a) 3s1
(b) 3d14s4
(c) 3d24s2
(d) ls12p2
Answer:
(c) 3d24s2
37. Using the standard electrode potential, find out the pair between which
redox reaction is not feasible.
Eθ values : Fe3+/Fe2+ = +0.77; I2/I– = +0.54:
Cu2+/Cu = +0.34: Ag+/Ag = +0.80 V
(A) Fe3+ and I–
(B) Ag+ and Cu
(C) Fe3+ and Cu
(D) Ag and Fe3+
Answer:
(D) Ag and Fe3+
38. An aqeous solution of compound A gives ethane on electrolysis. The
compound A is …..?
a) Sodium propionate
 b) Sodium acetate
c) Sodium ethoxide
d) Ethyl acetate
39. Enthalpies of formation of CO(g), CO2(g), N2O(g), and N2O4(g) are -110, –
393, 81, and 9.7 kJ mol-1 respectively. Find the value of ΔrHΔrH for the
reaction:N2O4(g) + 3CO(g) → N2O(g) + 3CO2(g)
a) – 850 kJ
b) -600 kJ
c) -778 kJ
d) -802 kJ
40. de-Broglie equation is
a) λ= hvm
b) λ = mvh/ℎ
c) λ= hmvr
d) λ= h/mv
Assertion-Reason
1. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Assertion (A): Fluorine exists only in -1 oxidation state.
Reason (R): Fluorine has 2s22p5 configuration.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false but R is true.
Answer:
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
2. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Assertion (A): A solution containing a mixture of acetic acid and sodium
acetate maintains a constant value of pH on addition of small amounts of
acid or alkali.
Reason (R): A solution containing a mixture of acetic acid and sodium
acetate acts as a buffer solution around pH 4.75.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false but R is true.
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
3. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Combustion of all organic compounds is an exothermic
reaction.
Reason (R): The enthalpies of all elements in their standard state are zero.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false but R is true.
Answer:
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
4. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Assertion (A): The empirical mass of Ethene is half of its molecular mass.
Reason (R): The empirical formula represents the simplest whole number
ratio of various atoms present in a compound.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false but R is true.
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
5. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R).

Assertion (A): Simple distillation can help in separating a mixture of propan-l-

ol (boiling point 97°C) and propanone (boiling point 56°C).
Reason (R): Liquids with a difference of more than 20°C in their boiling points
can be separated by simple distillation. Select the most appropriate answer
from the options given below:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false but R is true.
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

6. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R).

Assertion (A): Generally, ionization enthalpy increases from left to right in a

period.
Reason (R): When successive electrons are added to the orbitals in the same
principal quantum level, the shielding effect of inner core of electrons does
not increase very much to compensate for the increased attraction of the
electron to the nucleus. Select the most appropriate answer from the options
given below:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false but R is true.
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
15. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Assertion (A): The compound cyclooctane has the following structural
formula: It is cyclic and has conjugated 8π -electron system but it is not an
aromatic compound.
Reason (R): (4n + 2) n electrons rule does not hold good and ring is not
planar.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false but R is true.
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Assertion (A): Toluene on Friedal-Crafts methylation gives o- and p-xylene.

Reason (R): CH3-group bonded to benzene ring increases electron density at
o- and p- position. Select the most appropriate answer from the options
given below:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false but R is true.
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
16. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Electron gain enthalpy becomes less negative as we go down a
group.
Reason (R): Size of the atom increases on going down the group and the
added electron would be farther from the – nucleus.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false but R is true.
Answer:
(D) A is false but R is true.
17. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Sodium chloride formed by the action of chlorine gas on
sodium metal is a stable compound. Reason (R): This is because sodium and
chloride ions acquire octet in sodium chloride formation.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false but R is true.
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
18. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Assertion (A): A solution containing a mixture of acetic acid and sodium
acetate maintains a constant value of pH on addition of small amounts of
acid or alkali.
Reason (R): A solution containing a mixture of acetic acid and sodium
acetate acts as a buffer solution around pH 4.75.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false but R is true.
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

19. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Assertion (A): Energy of resonance hybrid is equal to the average of energies
of all canonical forms.
Reason (R): Resonance hybrid cannot be presented by a single structure.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false but R is true.
Answer:
(D) A is false but R is true.
Explanation:
20. Assertion (A): Canonical structures always have more energy than
resonance hybrid.

Reason(R): The delocalization of electrons lowers the orbitals energy and

gives stability. left after the reaction gives the amount of acid reacted with
ammonia.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false but R is true.

Subjective questions.

1. Give reasons:
(i) NF3 is pyramidal whereas BF3 is trigonal planar.
(ii) BF4– and NH4+ are tetrahedral.
(iii) BCl3 is triangular planar whereas BrCl3 is pyramidal.
(iv) NH3 is pyramidal whereas NO3 is triangular planar.

2. How do you account for the formation of ethane during chlorination of

methane?

3. (a) (i) Write the chemical reactions for the Ozonolysis.

(ii) Write IUPAC names of the products obtained on the ozonolysis of
3,4-dimethyl hept-3-ene.
(b) (i) Arrange the following in the decreasing order of acidic character.
C2H4, C2H6, C2H2
CH3 — C = CH, C2H2 CH3 — C = C — CH3.
(ii) How will you convert: ethyne to but-2-yne, ,
(iii) How many structural isomers are possible for pentane? Draw the
geometrical isomers of 2, 3-dichlorobut 2-ene

4. (a) What are the properties of resonance hybrid?

(b) (CH3)3C+ (tert-Butyl carbocation) is more stable than (CH 3)2C+H (sec-
Propyl carbocation). Why?

5. (a) Axial bonds of PC15 are longer than equatorial bonds. Why? Give
reason.
(b) Write the resonance structure for CO2.
(c) Draw Lewis structure of H2SO4.

6. (a) Define the bond length.

(b) Explain why BeH2 molecule has a zero dipole moment although the
Be-H bonds are polar?
7. What are the products formed when methane is chlorinated? Explain its
mechanism.

8. (a) Write chemical reactions to illustrate the following:

(i) Kolbe’s reaction
(ii) Wurtz reaction
(b) (i) n-Pentane has higher boiling point than neo-pentane. Why?
(ii) Sodium salt of which acid is needed for the preparation of
methane? Write chemical equation involved.
9. (a) State de Broglie equation.
(b) Write the significance of de Broglie equation.
(c) A beam of helium atoms moves with a velocity of 2.0 × 10 3 ms-1. Find
the wavelength of the particle constituting the beam, (h = 6.626 × 10 -34 Js)

10. (i) The electronic energy in Bohr’s orbit is negative. How will you account
for it?
(ii) The ionization energy of hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV. What will be the
energy of the first orbit of He+ and Li2+ ions?

11. (a) Why 3° carbocation are more stable than 1° carbocation ?

(b) Compare inductive and electromeric effects. ‘
(c) Why CCl3COOH is a stronger acid than (CH3)3CCOOH?
(d) Define the term nucleophile.
(e) Draw the resonance structure of aniline, using curved arrow for
electronic movements.

12. Read the following passage and answer the following questions:
AU Measurements for chemical reactions, heat absorbed at constant volume,
is measured in a bomb calorimeter. Here, a steel vessel (the bomb) is
immersed in a water bath. The whole device is called calorimeter. The steel
vessel ‘ is immersed in water bath to ensure that no heat is lost to the
surroundings. A combustible substance is burnt in pure dioxygen supplied in
the steel bomb. Heat evolved during the reaction is transferred to the water
around the bomb and its temperature is monitored. Since the bomb
calorimeter is sealed, its volume does not change i.e., the energy changes
associated with reactions are measured at constant volume. Under these
conditions, no work is done as the reaction is carried out at constant volume
in the bomb calorimeter. Even for reactions involving gases, there is no work
done as AV = 0. Temperature change of the calorimeter produced by the
completed reaction is then converted to qV, by using the known heat
capacity of the calorimeter with the help of equation.
(a) Define Calorimetry.
(b) Write a chemical equation in which ∆H and ∆U are equal.
(c) What is Extensive and intensive property?
13. Read the following passage and answer the following questions:
There are many observable patterns in the physical and chemical properties
of elements as we descend in a group or move across a period in the Periodic
Table. For example, within a period, chemical reactivity tends to be high in
Group 1 metals, lower in elements towards the middle of the table, and
increases to a maximum in the Group 17 non-metals. Likewise, within a
group of representative metals (say alkali metals) reactivity increases on
moving down the group, whereas within a group of non-metals (say
halogens), reactivity decreases down the group. There are numerous
physical properties of elements such as melting and boiling points, heats of
fusion and vaporization, energy of atomization, etc. which show periodic
variations.

(a) What will be trend of metallic character across the period?

(b) First Ionization enthalpy of Sodium metal is lower than Mg. why?
(c) How will you justify that all mention elements are isoelectronic species?
O2-, F–, Na+ and Mg2+
OR
Why ionization enthalpy of nitrogen is higher than carbon?

14. What should be the ratio of concentrations of formate ion and formic acid
in a buffer solution so that its pH should be 4? Around what pH will this buffer
have maximum buffer capacity? Ka = 1.8 × 10-4
15. (a) Give the direction in which the reaction would proceed if Q p = Kc
(b) The value of ∆Gθ for the phosphorylation of glucose in glycolysis is

(c) Hydrolysis of sucrose gives, Sucrose + H 2O ⇌ Glucose + Fructose

13.8 kj/mol. Find the value of Kc at 298 K.

Equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction is 2 × 10 13 at 300 K. Calculate ∆Gθ at

300 K.
16. How much energy is required to ionise a H-atom if the electron occupies
n = 5 orbit? Compare your answer with the ionization enthalpy of H-atom
(energy required to remove the electron from n = 1 orbit).
17. If water vapour is assumed to be a perfect gas, molar enthalpy change
for vaporisation of 1 mol of water at 1 bar and 100°C is 41 kj mol -1. Calculate
the internal energy change, when:
(i) 1 mol of water is vaporized at 1 bar pressure and 100°C.
(ii) 1 mol of water is converted into ice.
18. (i)Give number of electrons in the species H 2–, O2– .
(ii) Using s, p, d notation designate the orbital:
(a) n = 3,l = l,m = 0
 (b) n = 1, l = 0
(iii) List magnetic and azimuthal Quantum numbers for 3d-orbitals.
19. Read the following paragraph and answer the following questions:
The branch of science dealing with the relations between energy,
heat, work and accompanying changes in the nature and behaviour
of various substances around us is called thermodynamics. The
main aim of the study of chemical thermodynamics is to learn (i)
transformation The branch of science dealing with the relations
between energy, heat, work and accompanying changes in the
nature and behaviour of various substances around us is called
thermodynamics. The main aim of the study of chemical
thermodynamics is to learn (i) transformation of energy from one
form into another form, (ii) utilization of various forms of energy and
(iii) changes in the properties of systems produced by chemical or
physical effects. Laws of thermodynamics apply only when a system
is in equilibrium or moves from one equilibrium state to another
equilibrium state. Macroscopic properties like pressure and
temperature do not change with time for a system in equilibrium
state.
(a) Give mathematical equation for first law of thermodynamics.
(b) What do you understand by intensive and extensive property in
thermodynamics?
(c) What happens when a system undergoes an isothermal change
and an adiabatic change?
(d) Derive the relationship Cp – Cv = R.
20. Read the following passage and answer the following questions:
Due to the stronger attraction of the electrons to the nucleus in these
species, the cation with the greater positive charge will have a smaller
radius. The anion with the higher negative charge will, however, have a
bigger radius. In general, as you move from left to right, the atomic radii
decrease as the atomic number rises. The atomic radii, for instance, fall from
Li to Ne in the second period. As the effective nuclear charge reduces with
increasing atomic number, the atomic radii of elements in a group rise from
top to bottom. The size of the atom, which is determined by the distance
between the electron and the nucleus, also affects the ionisation enthalpy.
As atomic size increases, it gets smaller.
(a) Which is largest in size Cu+, Cu2+ or Cu and why?
OR
Arrange O , O , O in decreasing radius (size).
2- –

(b) What is more metallic, magnesium or aluminium, and why?

(c) Give reasons for the following: ,
(i) The nitrogen ionisation enthalpy is higher than the oxygen ionisation
enthalpy.
(ii) The anionic radii are larger than cationic radii.
21. Draw Newman and Sawhorse projections for the eclipsed and staggered
conformations of ethane. Which of these conformations is more stable and
why?
21. At 60°C, dinitrogen tetroxide is 50% dissociated. Calculate the standard
free energy change at this temperature and at one atmosphere.
22. (a) Distinguish between bonding and anti-bonding molecular orbital.
(b) Write the molecular orbital electronic configuration of N2 molecule.
Calculate its bond order and predict its magnetic behaviour.
23. (i) An atomic orbital has n = 2. What are the possible values of l and m/?
(ii) List the quantum numbers (m, and Z) of electrons for 3d orbital.
(iii) Which of the following orbitals are possible? 2d, Is, 2p and 3f

(a) 2NOC1 (g) ⇌ 2 NO (g) + CI2(g), Kp = 1.8 × 10-2 at 500 K

24. Find out the value of Kc for each of the following equilibria from the value of Kp

(b) CaCO3(s) ⇌ CaO (s) + CO2(g), Kp = 167 at 1073 K.

25. Calculate the oxidation number of phosphorus in the following species :
(a) HPO32-
(b) PO43-
26. Split the following redox reactions in the oxidation and reduction half reactions.
(a) 2K(s) + Cl2(g) → 2KCl(s)
(b) 2Al(s) + 3Cu2+(aq) → 2Al3+(aq) + 3 Cu(s)
27. State and explain Hess’s Law of constant heat summation with a suitable
example.
28. If ten volumes of dihydrogen gas reacts with 5 volumes of dioxygen gas.
(a) How many volumes of water vapour would be produced?
(b) Name the associated law with this observation.

29. (a) Write the empirical formulas of the following:

(i) Glucose, C6H12O6
(ii) Borazine, B3N3H6
(b) Calculate the amount of CO2 that could be produced when: 1 mole of
carbon is burnt in 16 g of dioxygen.
(c) Calculate the number of moles in 5.0 L of 0.75 M Na 2CO3.
30. (i) How will you convert: ethyne to but-2-yne
(ii) Draw the geometrical isomers of 2,3-dichlorobut-2-ene
31. (i) What is electromeric effect?
(ii) Compare it with hyperconjugation effect.
32. (a) Define the term chemical bond.
(b) What are its different types?
33. What is the significance of the terms ‘isolated gaseous atom’ and ‘ground state’
while defining ionization enthalpy and electron gain enthalpy?
34. Find energy of each of the photons which:
(i) corresponds to light of frequency 3 × 10 15 Hz
(ii) have wavelength of 0.50 A.
35. (a) Give the balanced chemical equation for combustion of Methane gas.
(b) Calculate the amount of water (g) produced by the combustion of 16 g of
methane.

36. Mention the physical significance of Ψ and Ψ2.

37. (a) Arrange the above compounds in decreasing order of bond angle.
CH4, BeCl2, NH2.
38. Give the IUPAC name/structure of:
(i) (CH3)2(C2H5)C-(CH2)3-C(CH3)3
(ii) Ortho-chloro anisole.

39. (a) Define buffer solution.

(b) Give one example each of acidic and basic buffer.
40. Calculate:
(i) Mass in gram of 5.8 mol NzO
(ii) Number of moles in 8.0 g of O 2
(iii) Molar mass if 11.2 L at STP weigh 8.5 g
41. Ethyl acetate is formed by the reaction between ethanol and acetic acid and the
equilibrium is represented as:
CH3COOH(l) + C2H5OH(l) CH3COOC2H5(l) + H2O(l)
(i) Write the concentration ratio (reaction quotient) Qc, for this reaction (Note :
water is not in excess and is not a solvent in this reaction).
(ii) At 293 K, if one starts with 1.00 ml of acetic acid and 0.18 mol of
ethanol, there is 0.171 mol of ethyl acetate in the final equilibrium mixture.
Calculate the equilibrium constant.
(iii) Starting with 0.5 mol of ethanol and 1.0 mol of acetic acid and
maintaining it at 293 K, 0.214 mol of ethyl acetate is found after sometime.
Has equilibrium been reached?
42.
43. The enthalpy of combustion of methane, graphite and dihydrogen at
298K are – 890.3 kJ mol-1, -393.5 kJ mol-1 and -285.8 kJ mol-1 respectively.
Calculate enthalpy of formation of methane gas. The enthalpy of combustion
of methane, graphite and dihydrogen at 298K are – 890.3 kJ mol -1, -393.5 kJ
mol-1 and -285.8 kJ mol-1 respectively. Calculate enthalpy of formation of
methane gas.
44. Differentiate between the following (with examples):
(i) Open and closed system
(ii) Adiabatic and Isothermal process
(iii) State function and path function
45. In Sulphur estimation, 0.157 g of an organic compound gave 0.4813g of
BaSO4. What is the % of ulphur in the given organic compound?

46. (a) The reaction

Cl2(g) + 2OH– (aq) → CIO– (aq) + Cl– (aq) + H2O(l)

represents the process of bleaching. Identify and name the species

that bleaches the substances due to their oxidising action.

(b) Write a balanced chemical equation for the following reactions:

(i) Permanganate ion (MnO 4–) reacts with sulphur dioxide gas in an
acidic medium to produce Mn2+ and hydrogensulphate ion.

(ii) Reaction of liquid hydrazine (N 2H4) with chlorate ion (CIO3–) in

basic medium produces nitric oxide gas and chloride ion in a gaseous state.

(iii) Dichlorine heptaoxide (Cl 2O7) in gaseous state combines with an

aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide in acidic medium to give chlorite ion
(ClO2–) and oxygen gas.

(c) Calculate the oxidation number of each sulphur atom in the following
compounds:

(i) Na2S2O3

(ii) Na2S4O6

(iii) Na2SO3

(iv) Na2SO4

(d) Balance the following equations by the oxidation number method.

47. (a) One mole of acetone requires less heat to vapourise than 1 mol of
water. Which of the two liquids has a higher enthalpy of vapourisatIon?

(b) Standard molar enthalpy of formation, ΔfHӨ is just a special case of

enthalpy of reaction, ΔrHӨ. Is the ΔrHӨ for the following reaction same as
ΔfHΘ ? Give reason for your answer. CaO(s) + CO2(g) → CaCO3(s); ΔfHӨ = –
178.3 kJ mol–1

(c) The value of ΔfHӨ for NH3 is – 91.8 KJ mol–1. Calculate enthalpy change
for the following reactIon:

2NH3 (g) → N2 (g) +3H2 (g)

(d) Enthalpy is an extensive property. In general, if enthalpy of an overall

reaction A→B along one route is ΔrH and ΔrH1, ΔrH2, Δr H3 ….. represent
enthalpies of intermediate reactions leading to product B. What will be the
relation between ΔrH for overall reaction and Δr H1 , Δr H2 ….. etc. for
intermediate reactions?

(e) The net enthalpy change of a reaction is the amount of energy required
to break all the bonds in reactant molecules minus the amount of energy
required to form all the bonds in the product molecules. What will be the
enthalpy change for the following reaction?

H2(g) + Br2(g) → 2HBr(g)

Given that the Bond energy of H2, Br2 and HBr is 435 kJ mol–1, 192 kJ mol–
1
and 368 kJ mol–1 respectively.
(f) The enthalpy of vapourisation of CCl4 is 30.5 kJ mol–1. Calculate the heat
required for the vapourisation of 284 g of CCl4 at constant pressure. (Molar
mass of CCl4 = 154 g mol–1).

(g) An ideal gas is allowed to expand against a constant pressure of 2 bar

from 10 L to 50 L in one step. Calculate the amount of work done by the gas.
If the same expansion were carried out reversibly, will the work done be
higher or lower than the earlier case? (Given that 1 L bar = 100 J).

(h) The lattice enthalpy of an ionic compound is the enthalpy when one mole
of an ionic compound present in its gaseous state, dissociates into its ions. It
is impossible to determine it directly by experiment. Suggest and explain an
indirect method to measure lattice enthalpy of NaCl(s).

48. (a) The ionisation of hydrochloric acid in water is given below:

HCI(aq) + H 2O (l) ⇋ H3O+ (aq) + CI– (aq)

Label two conjugate acid-base pairs in this ionisation.

(b) BF3 does not have protons but still acts as an acid and reacts with
NH3. Why is it so? What

type of bond is formed between the two?

Conjugate acid of a weak base is always stronger. The decreasing order

of basic strength of the following conjugate bases will be?

OH–, RO–, CH3COO–, CI–

(c) Conjugate acid of a weak base is always stronger. The decreasing order
of basic strength of the following conjugate bases will be?

OH–, RO–, CH3COO–, CI–

(d) Arrange the following in increasing order of pH.

KNO3 (aq), CH3COONa (aq), NH4Cl (aq), C6H5COONH4 (aq)

 (e) The value of Kc for the reaction 2HI (g) ⇋ H2 (g) + I2 (g) is 1 x 10-4. At a
given time, the composition of reaction mixture is [HI] = 2 x 10 -5 mol, [I2 ] =
1 x 10-5 mol. Determine the direction in which the reaction will proceed?

(f) On the basis of the equation pH = – log [H +], the pH of 10-8 mol dm-
3
solution of HCI

should be 8. However, it is observed to be less than 7.0. Explain the reason.

(g) The pH of a solution of a strong acid is 5.0. What will be the pH of the
solution obtained after diluting the given solution 100 times?

(h) A sparingly soluble salt gets precipitated only when the product of the
concentration of its ions in the solution (Q sp) becomes greater than its
solubility product. If the solubility of BaSO 4

in water is 8 × 10-4 mol dm-3. Calculate its solubility in 0.01 mol dm-3 of H2SO4

(i) The pH of 0.08 mol dm-3 HOCI solution is 2.85. Calculate its
ionisation constant.

(j) Calculate the pH of a solution formed by mixing equal volumes of two

solutions A and B of

a strong acid having pH = 6 and pH = 4 respectively.

(k) The solubility product of Al(OH)3 is 2.7 x 10-11. Calculate its solubility in g /
L and also find out the pH of this solution. (Atomic mass of Al = 27 u).

(l) Calculate the volume of water required to dissolve 0.1 g lead (II) chloride
to get a

saturated solution. (Ksp of PbCl2 = 3.2 x 10-8, atomic mass of Pb= 207 u).

49. (a) Calculate the mass percent of calcium, phosphorus and oxygen in
calcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2.

(b) 45.4 L of dinitrogen reacted with 22.7 L of dioxygen and 45.4 L of

nitrous oxide was formed. The reaction is given below:

2N2(g) + O2(g) → 2N2O(g)

Which law is being obeyed in this experiment? Write the statement of the
law.

(c) Hydrogen gas is prepared in the laboratory by reacting dilute HCI with
granulated zinc.

The following reaction takes place.

Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2

Calculate the volume of hydrogen gas liberated at STP when 32.65 g of zinc
reacts with HCI. 1 mol of a gas occupies 22.7 L volume at STP; atomic mass
of Zn = 65.3 u.

(d) A vessel contains 1.6 g of dioxygen at STP (273.15K, 1 atm pressure). The
gas is now transferred to another vessel at a constant temperature, where
pressure becomes half of the original pressure. Calculate

(i) volume of the new vessel.

(ii) number of molecules of dioxygen.

50. (a) State de Broglie equation.

(b) Write the significance of de Broglie equation.
(c) A beam of helium atoms moves with a velocity of 2.0 × 10 3 ms-1. Find
the wavelength of the particle constituting the beam, (h = 6.626 × 10 -34 Js)
OR
(a) The electronic energy in Bohr’s orbit is negative. How will you account
for it?
(b) The ionization energy of hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV. What will be the
energy of the first orbit of He+ and Li2+ ions?