COVID 48

I.Choose the best answer A, B, C or D in each sentence to complete it.

1.His answer was so confused that I could hardly make any ______ of it at all.
A. interpretation B. meaning C. intelligibility D. sense
2.The thought of living in another country has never ______ my mind.
A. crossed B. entered C. occurred to D. come
3.I was passing their house, so I ______ Claire and Michael.
A. dropped in B. came up with C. got on with D. run into
4.I don’t really ______ winter sport very much.
A. deal with B. face up to C. go in for D. get round to
5.Her mother’s illness cast a cloud ______ her wedding day.
A. over B. for C. in D. on
6.She did six hours’ ______ studying a day for her exam.
A. solid B. heavy C. strong D. big
7.No one liked the new lecturer, so there was a gradual ______ in the attendance of his lectures.
A. fall-through B. fall-out C. fall-off D. fall-in
8.I was talking to my aunt when suddenly my cousin Gorge ______ in our conversation.
A. interrupted B. broke C. went D. intervened
9.He has been unable to find a job ______ with his ability as an accountant.
A. appropriate B. suitable C. commensurate D. requisite
10.Don't count on him. He's liable to ______ out if things get too difficult.
A. let B. be C. opt D. stop
11.In this assignment, we will ______ your work and then give you detailed feedback on how to improve your
writing.
A. assess B. judge C. measure D. test
12.In a seminar or tutorial, everyone should take part rather than allow one person to ______ the discussion.
A. overwhelm B. dominate C. oppress D. empower
13.Many people were killed instantly at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, but thousands more died from ______
radiation sickness.
A. succeeding B. following C. subsequent D. afterwards
14.I’ll move ______ to achieve my goal.
A. heaven and earth B. mountains and seas
C. paradise and hell D. milky way and horizon
15.The 5% wage increases they propose are ______.
A. all for one B. by and large
C. top to borrow D. across the board
16.Sarah: “I want you to give me some money” - Paul: “______”
A. Oh you want, do you? B. Oh you’d like, would you?
C. Oh, you give, do you? D. Oh you do, do you?
17.She often appears not to care about her work, but appearances can be ______.
A. cunning B. deceitful C. deceptive D. insincere
18.As they watched the football match the huge crowd ______ in unison.
A. chanted B. intoned C. crowed D. bellowed
19.Nothing you say will make a ______ of difference to my decision.
A. fragment B. scrap C. gram D. grain
20.______, Carol s very punctual, but she was late tonight.
A. For a rule B. Like a rule C. For a rule of thumb D. As a rule
II. Error Correction. The passage below contains 10 mistakes. Identify the mistakes and correct them .
Lines
1 MTV stands for Music Television. It’s a television channel dedicating to pop music. It was
2 born on 1st August 1981 in the United States. Because of MTV’s instant succeed in the US,
3 the company expanded other areas. MTV Europe began operating on 1 st August 1978. MTV
4 Europe broadcast 24 hours a day from it London studios. It can be seen in 33 countries and
5 reaches an estimated audiences of 110 million viewers. People of 19 different nationalities
6 work at London headquarters, and they try offering a mixture of music from all over
7 Europe. The channel broadcasts in English but Germany provides the bigger number of
8 viewers. Currently, one five of the music is by German artists. Most of TV output is video
9 and concerts, but there is also a programme calling Unplugged, where major artist play live
10 and acoustic in front of a small studio audience. In addition on music, the channel’s
11 programmes deal with news, movie information and comedy. MTV has also broadcast
12 special report on racism, immigrate and unemployed teenagers.

Lines Mistakes Corrections

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30.
III. Fill in each blank in the sentences with a correct preposition or particle. (5 pts)
31.Jack didn’t expect to come up ______ such difficulties.
32.Make yourself a drink while I go and slip ______ something more comfortable.
33.The problem stems ______ the government’s lack of action.
34.We put ______ a sum of money each month for our summer holidays.
35.“She says she’s going to become a medicine student” - “Oh, don’t believe her. She’s having you ______.
36.Don’t worry, he only makes ______ that he is such a strict teacher.
37.We were convinced Patrick would take ______ the moment we met him.
38. "I understand Diane lost her job." - "Yes, but she's actually better ______."
39.Cottage is beautifully furnished and ______ close proximity to the beach.
40.You look very terrible! What have you been getting up ______ ?
IV. Give the correct form the word provided to fill each gap.
41. The people possess ______ rights. VIOLATE
42. Various ______ by police officers were brought to light by the enquiry. PRACTICE
43. Jim is one of the most ______ members of the committee. SPEAK
44. This is an original, but it’s a good ______. PRODUCE
45. The successful candidate will have superb ______ skills. LEAD
46. Kapo, the gorilla was born and bred in ______. CAPTIVE
47. She may look fierce but the lioness has ______ instincts like any other female animal. MOTHER
48. The fish in the river provide an ______ supply of fish for the young bears. ABOUND
49. Nowadays only a ______of wild crocodiles remain here. HAND
50. Patricia's skill in playing the piano is quite ______. No other child in this group can play the difficult
pieces with similar mastery. COMPARE
V. Choose the best word(s) to fill in each blank in the following passage.

Traffic lights

The first traffic signal was invented by a railway signaling engineer. It was installed outside the House of
Parliament in 1868. It (51)___ like any railway signal of the time, and was operated by gas. (52)___, it
explored and killed a policeman, and the accident (53)___ further development until cars became
common.Modern traffic lights are an American invention. Red-green systems were installed in Cleveland in
1914. Three-colour signals, operated (54)___ hand from a tower in the (55)___ of the street, were installed in
New York in 1918. The (56)___ lights of this type to appear in Britain were in London, on the junction between
St. Jam’s Street and Piccadilly, in 1925. Automatic signals were installed (57)___ year later.In the past, traffic
lights were special. In New York, some lights had a statue on top. In Los Angeles the lights did not just (58)___
silently, but would ring bells to (59)___ the sleeping motorists of the 1930s. These are gone and have been
(60)___ by standard models which are universally adopted.
51. A. resembled B. seemed C. showed D. looked
52. A. Although B. However C. Therefore D. Despite
53. A. forbade B. disappointed C. discouraged D. avoided
54. A. through B. with C. by D. in
55. A. halfway B. heart C. focus D. middle
56. A. original B. first C. primary D. early
57. A. the B. in the C. in a D. a
58. A. vary B. alter C. change D. move
59. A. rise B. wake C. raise D. get up
60. A. reproduced B. replaced C. removed D. remained
VI. Fill in the blank with one suitable word. Write your answers in the numbered blanks provided below.
If all countries had the same monetary units, a difficult problem of international trade would be solved. One
country’s money is not usually good in (61)___, however, and it is necessary to have a system for (62)___ the
currency of the buyer into (63)___ of the seller. Bankers handle this by doing (64)___ is called buying or
selling foreign exchange.
When an exporter sells his goods to a merchant in a foreign country, he makes (65)___ a bill of exchange for
the merchandise. The bill of exchange looks (66)___ a common bank check. The exporter sends this bill to his
bank and receives his money. (67)___, the exporter receives payment in his own currency.
The exporter’s bank sends the bill of exchange to (68)___ branch bank which notifies the (69)___ who pays the
bill in his currency. The branch bank keeps his money and uses it to pay future (70)___ of exchange presented
by merchants in that country who have goods to export.
VII. WRITING
Question 1: Finish each of the sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the
sentence printed before it.
71.We cannot see animals in a vast area after the forest fire.
There is an ......................................................................................................
72.We cannot make any comparison with her sacrifice.
Nothing ............................................................................................................
73.He will have to spend seven years in prison.
He has been ......................................................................................................
74.I expected the film to be good, but it wasn’t at all.
The film didn’t .................................................................................................
75.It was Sir Walter Barron who introduced potatoes and tobacco into England.
The English owe ..............................................................................................
Question 2: For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the
original sentence using the word given. This word must not be altered in any way.
76.Jack found it difficult to control his skis on the steep slope. (UNDER)
………………………..………………………………………………………………….
77.Nobody expected her to lose, but she did. (AGAINST)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
78.Many people nowadays find it increasingly difficult to exist on the money they earn. (MAKE)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
79.You can borrow my bike if you're in a hurry. (MIND)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
80.I firmly believe him to be the rudest person I know. (WITHOUT)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
VIII. Phonetics.
81. A. possession B. massage C. impress D. passage
82. A. dealt B. meant C. heal D. threat
83. A. eventually B. invention C. preparation D. shyness
84. A. ragged B. changed C. learned D. sacred
85. A. interests B. chiefs C. stops D. mouths
IX. Stress
86. A. admirable B. desirable C.believable D. disease
87. A. commune B. event C.cartoon D. typhoon
88. A. industrial B. economic C. preservative D.statistical
89. A. grassshopper B. dragonfly C.mosquito D. butterfly
90. A. mechanize B. innovate C. purify D. exhibit
91.A. reserve B. schedule C. wildlife D. beauty
92A. derive B. contain C. leopard D. prevent
93.A. interfere B. penalty C. referee D. competition
94.A. president B. manager C. spectator D. counsellor
95.A. intelligent B. overwhelming C. imaginable D. intangible
IX. Read the passage and choose the best answer.
All mammals feed their young. Beluga whale mothers, for example, nurse their calves for some twenty months,
until they are about to give birth again and their young are able to find their own food. The behavior of feeding
of the young is built into the reproductives system. It is a nonelective part of parental care and the defining
feature of a mammal, the most important thing that mammals – whether marsupials, platypuses, spiny anteaters,
or placental mammals – have in common.
But not all animal parents, even those that tend their offspring to the point of hatching or birth, feed their
young. Most egg-guarding fish do not, for the simple reason that their young are so much smaller than the
parents and eat food that is also much smaller than the food eaten by adults. In reptiles, the crocodile mother
protects her young after they have hatched and takes them down to the water, where they will find food, but she
does not actually feed them. Few insects feed their young after hatching, but some make other
arrangement, provisioning their cells and nests with caterpillars and spiders that they have paralyzed with their
venom and stored in a state of suspended animation so that their larvae might have a supply of fresh food when
they hatch.
For animals other than mammals, then, feeding is not intrinsic to parental care. Animals add it to their
reproductive strategies to give them an edge in their lifelong quest for descendants. The most vulnerable
moment in any animal’s life is when it first finds itself completely on its own, when it must forage and fend for
itself. Feeding postpones that moment until a young animal has grown to such a size that it is better able to
cope. The young that are fed by their parents become nutritionally independent at a much greater fraction of
their full adult size. And in the meantime those young are shielded against the vagaries of fluctuating of
difficult – to – find supplies. Once a species does take the step of feeding its young, the young become totally
dependent on the extra effort. If both parents are removed, the young generally do not survive.
Question 96: What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The care that various animals give to their offspring
B. The difficulties young animals face in obtaining food
C. The methods that mammals use to nurse their young
D. The importance among young mammals of becoming independent
Question 97: The author lists various animals in the first paragraph to…………….. .
A. contrast the feeding habits of different types of mammals
B. describe the process by which mammals came to be defined
C. emphasize the point that every type of mammals feeds its own young
D. explain why a particular feature of mammals is non-elective
Question 98: The word “tend” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to………….. .
A. sit on B. move C. notice D. care for
Question 99: What can be inferred from the passage about the practice of animal parents feeding their young?
A. It is unknown among fish B. It is unrelated to the size of the young
C. It is dangerous for the parents D. It is most common among mammals
Question 100: The word “provisioning” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to .
A. supplying B. preparing C. building D. expanding
Question 101: According to the passage, how do some insects make sure their young have food?
A. By storing food near their young B. By locating their nests or cells nera spiders caterpillars
C. By searching for food some distance from their nest D. By gathering food from a nearby water source
Question 102. The word “ edge” in paragraph 3 in closest in meaning to …………….
A.Feeding B. advantage C. purpose D. rest
Question 103: The word “it” in the third paragraph refers to………………… .
A. feeding B. young animal C. moment D. size
Question 104: According to the passage, young animal are most defenseless when .
A. their parents are away searching for food
B. their parents have many young to feed
C. they are only a few days old
D. they first become independent
Question 105: The word “ shielded” in paragraph 3 in in closest in meaning to …………….
A.raised B. protected C. hatched D. valued
XI. Phrasal verbs.
passed away do without look forward to called off made up
break out run out put up with keep up carried away
106. Don’t smoke in the forest. Fires ……………. easily at this time of the year.
107. I ……………. seeing my friends again.
108. I’m afraid; we have ……………. of apple juice. Will an orange juice do?
109. Your website has helped me a lot to ………….. the good work.
110. A friend of mine has ……………. her wedding.
111. His mother can’t ……………. his terrible behavior anymore.
112. As an excuse for being late, she ……………. a whole story.
113. I got ……………. by his enthusiasm.
114. I just can’t ……………. my mobile. I always keep it with me.
115. She was very sad because her father ……………. last week.
XII.Matching Headings.
THE TRUTH ABOUT LYING
By Dan Roberts
Over the years Richard Wiseman has tried to unravel the truth about deception - investigating the signs that
give away a liar.
A. In the 1970s, as part of a large-scale research programme exploring the area of Interspecies communication,
Dr Francine Patterson from Stanford University attempted to teach two lowland gorillas called Michael and
Koko a simplified version of Sign Language. According to Patterson, the great apes were capable of holding
meaningful conversations, and could even reflect upon profound topics, such as love and death. During the
project, their trainers believe they uncovered instances where the two gorillas' linguistic skills seemed to
provide reliable evidence of intentional deceit. In one example, Koko broke a toy cat, and then signed to
indicate that the breakage had been caused by one of her trainers. In another episode, Michael ripped a jacket
belonging to a trainer and, when asked who was responsible for the incident, signed ‘Koko’. When the trainer
expressed some scepticism, Michael appeared to change his mind, and indicated that Dr Patterson was actually
responsible, before finally confessing.
B. Other researchers have explored the development of deception in children. Some of the most interesting
experiments have involved asking youngsters not to take a peek at their favourite toys. During these studies, a
child is led into a laboratory and asked to face one of the walls. The experimenter then explains that he is going
to set up an elaborate toy a few feet behind them. After setting up the toy, the experimenter says that he has to
leave the laboratory, and asks the child not to turn around and peek at the toy. The child is secretly filmed by
hidden cameras for a few minutes, and then the experimenter returns and asks them whether they peeked.
Almost all three-year-olds do, and then half of them lie about it to the experimenter. By the time the children
have reached the age of five, all of them peek and all of them lie. The results provide compelling evidence that
lying starts to emerge the moment we learn to speak.
C. So what are the tell-tale signs that give away a lie? In 1994, the psychologist Richard Wiseman devised a
large-scale experiment on a TV programme called Tomorrow's World. As part of the experiment, viewers
watched two interviews in which Wiseman asked a presenter in front of the cameras to describe his favourite
film. In one interview, the presenter picked Some Like It Hot and he told the truth; in the other interview, he
picked Gone with the Wind and lied. The viewers were then invited to make a choice - to telephone in to say
which film he was lying about. More than 30,000 calls were received, but viewers were unable to tell the
difference and the vote was a 50/50 split. In similar experiments, the results have been remarkably consistent -
when it comes to lie detection, people might as well simply toss a coin. It doesn’t matter if you are male or
female, young or old; very few people are able to detect deception.
D. Why is this? Professor Charles Bond from the Texas Christian University has conducted surveys into the
sorts of behaviour people associate with lying. He has interviewed thousands of people from more than 60
countries, asking them to describe how they set about telling whether someone is lying. People’s answers are
remarkably consistent. Almost everyone thinks liars tend to avert their gaze, nervously wave their hands around
and shift about in their seats. There is, however, one small problem. Researchers have spent hour upon hour
carefully comparing films of liars and truth-tellers. The results are clear. Liars do not necessarily look away
from you; they do not appear nervous and move their hands around or shift about in their seats. People fail to
detect lies because they are basing their opinions on behaviours that are not actually associated with deception.
E. So what are we missing? It is obvious that the more information you give away, the greater the chances of
some of it coming back to haunt you. As a result, liars tend to say less and provide fewer details than truth-
tellers. Looking back at the transcripts of the interviews with the presenter, his lie about Gone with the
Wind contained about 40 words, whereas the truth about Some Like It Hot was nearly twice as long. People who
lie also try psychologically to keep a distance from their falsehoods, and so tend to include fewer references to
themselves in their stories. In his entire interview about Gone with the Wind, the presenter only once mentioned
how the film made him feel, compared with the several references to his feelings when he talked about Some
Like It Hot.
F. The simple fact is that the real clues to deceit are in the words that people use, not the body language. So do
people become better lie detectors when they listen to a liar, or even just read a transcript of their comments?
The interviews with the presenter were also broadcast on radio and published in a newspaper, and although the
lie-detecting abilities of the television viewers were no better than chance, the newspaper readers were correct
64% of the time, and the radio listeners scored an impressive 73% accuracy rate.
The reading passage has six paragraphs, A-F. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of
headings below.
List of headings
i. Some of the things liars really do
ii. When do we begin to lie?
iii. How wrong is it to lie?
iv. Exposing some false beliefs
v. Which form of communication best exposes a lie?
vi. Do only humans lie?
vii. Dealing with known liars
viii. A public test of our ability to spot a lie
116. Paragraph A
117. Paragraph B
118. Paragraph C
119. Paragraph D
Paragraph E i
120. Paragraph F

THE END